英语学习者常用的动词过去式总结
一、规则动词的过去式变化如下:
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:
work---worked
play---played
wanted----wanted
act----acted
2、以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
live---lived
move----moved
taste---tasted
hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,如:
study---studied
copy---copied
cry---cried
carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,
再加-ed,如:
beg---begged
drip---dripped
dot---dotted
drop---dropped
stop---stopped
二、不规则动词的过去式的构成
(不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。)
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin(开始)—began
drink(喝)—drank
give(给)—gave
ring(按铃)—rang
sing(唱)—sang
sit(坐)—sat
swim(游泳)—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive(驾车)—drove
ride(骑)—rode
ri(升起)--ro
shine(发光)--shone/shined
write(写)—wrote
win(获胜)--won(这是闭音节的i改为o)
3.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw(画)—drew
grow(生长)—grew
know(知道)—knew
throw(扔)—threw
(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get(获得)—got
forget(忘记)—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:
feed(喂)—fed
meet(遇见)—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep(保存)—kept
sleep(睡觉)—slept
sweep(扫)—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break(打碎)—broke
speak(说话)—spoke
8.动词原形中的ake改为ook,变成过去式。如:
shake(摇动)--shook
take(拿走)—took
9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
ll(卖)—sold
tell(告诉)—told
10.动词原形中的eel或ell改为elt,变成过去式。如:
feel(感到)—felt
smell(闻)--smelt/smelled
spell(拼写)--spelt
11.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand(站)—stood
understand(理解)—understood
12.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:
bring(带来)—brought
buy(买)—bought
think(想)—thought
catch(捕捉)—caught
teach(教)—taught
13.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can(能)—could
shall(应该)—should
will(将来)—would
14.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:
come(来)—came
become(变成)—became
15.把动词原形中结尾的e去掉,变成过去式。如:
hide(躲藏)--hid
slide(滑动)--slid
16.把动词原形中的d改为t,变成过去式。如:
build(建筑)—built
lend(借出)--lent
nd(寄)--nt
spend(花费)--spent
17.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
dream(做梦)—dreamt/dreamed
hear〔hi〕(听见)—heard〔h:d〕
learn(学)--learnt/learned
pay(支付)--paid
say〔i〕(说)—said〔d〕
mean〔mi:n〕(意思是)—meant〔ment〕
18.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
cost(花费)—cost
cut(切)—cut
hit(打击)--hit
hurt(伤害)--hurt
let(让)—let
must(必须)—must
put(放)—put
read(读)—read〔red〕
t(放置)--t
19.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is(是)—was
are(是)—were
choo(选择)-cho
do(做)—did
eat(吃)—ate
fall(落下)—fell
find(找到)—found
fly(飞)—flew
go(去)—went
hang(悬挂)--hung
have/has(有)—had
hold(握住)—held
leave(离开)—left
make(制造)—made
may(可能)—might
run(跑)—ran
e(看见)—saw
wake(醒)--woke/waked
wear(穿)--wore
三、过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/id/音,
want→wanted(要)need→needed(需要)
(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/t/音。
help→helped(帮助)laugh→laughed(笑)look→looked(看)
kiss→kisd(吻)wash→washed(洗)watch→watched(注视)
(3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/d/音。
call→called(叫)stay→stayed(停留)cry→cried(哭)
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