形容词性从句

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什么是名词性从句、形容词性从句？

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClaus）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词

组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同

的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

形容词性从句--定语从句

用来修饰名词,代词,句子等,在句中的作用相当于形容词,故称为形容词性从句.

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.

限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制,修饰的作用,一般不可缺少.

非限制性定语从句起补充,附带说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.

dshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.

I'vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.

定语从句常用关系词

关系代词:who,whom,who,that,which,as等(在句中作主,表,宾,定等成分)

关系副词:where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)(在句中作状语)

关联词:that(引导表示方式,时间的定语从句)

earthquake,thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas

250,000.

IhavemanygoodfriendstowhomIamgoingtondpostcards.

You'retheonlypersonwhoadvicehemightlistento.

Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsusalotofpleasure.

Hehasgivenusasmuchadviceashecan.

Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.

Idon'tliketheway(that)youtreatus.

定语从句引导词的选择

取决于先行词(被修饰词)在定语从句中的位置,成分.

plewhomwhothatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.(作宾语)

ThiswasthetimewhenatwhichsheleftforBeijing.

Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.

使用要点

1.关系代词在从句中作主语时,不能省略.

ssroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.

2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时,常可省略.

thegirlwithwhomheworks.

3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略.

ometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabntfromthemeeting.

4.只用that,不用which的情况:

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当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;

当先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时;

当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much等不定代词修饰时;

当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时;

Itis句型中的引导定语从句时.

5.只用which,不用that的情况:

引导非限制性定语从句时;

引导词前有介词时;

一个句子中若有两个定语从句,一个用that引导,另一个用which引导;

htabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelp

himtokillthetime.

6.当tho作为先行词指人时,通常只能用who引导;

as从句的先行词是thesame,such,或被他们所修饰;多用于表示肯定意义的从句中,不用

于表否定意义的从句中.

thesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted.

Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.

Itwasraininghard,which(as)wasunexpected.

8.介词+关系代词要根据

谓语动词的固定搭配theevidencewithwhichthecaisconnected.

先行词e.g.I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichwhenIjoinedtheparty.

c.句子表达的意思sinwhodepartmentMrKingworkedgotsacked.

d.在非限制性定语从句中,名词代词+of+whichwhom表示整体与部分的关系

kers,someofwhomstayedforfouryears,camefromdifferentcountri

es.

e.介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前,有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上.

tinthesamewayinwhichhedidwhichhedidin.

作为关联词可以当作关系副词用

thehouinwhichLouisXIIIlived.

ThisisthehouthatLouisXIIIlived.

ThisisthehouwhereLouisXIIIlived.

ThisishouwhichLouisXIIIlivedin.

ThisisthehouLouisXIIIlivedin.

定语从句的使用需注意:

Mybrotherwhoisverycleverstudieschemistryallbyhimlf.

使用定语从句勿滥!可以使用单个形容词,或较短的非谓语动词结构的,尽量使用简略些的方

式.使句子读起来更顺口!

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