emphasizes

Part1AcademicVoice

■知识点:Nominalization(名词化)

Allow→allowance

Negligent→negligence疏忽、大意

Propo→proposal

Remove→Removal

Refu→Refusal

Indicate→indication象征、指示

Assume→assumption

Intend→intention

Extensive→extension伸展、延期

Liable→liability责任、债务

Legal→legality合法性

Proficient→proficiency熟练、娴熟

Study→Study

Careless→carelessness

Discover→discovering

Impair→impairment损害

■词语配对

TrytofindoutDiscover

LookatcarefullyExamine

MakesureXXXistrueVerify

ShowDemonstrate

GetridofEliminate

GetthroughitSurvive,penetrate

MeanIntend

LookintoInvestigate

AlotofNumerous,myriad

EndConclusion

■PassiveVoice&Avoidfirstandcondpersonalpronouns

Doctorsshouldberequiredtocompletecommunicationskillcours.

ClearforeshadowingofeventstotranspireshouldbenoticedinHamlet.

Thismethodwaschonbecauofitssimplicity.

Accordingtotheliteraturereviewed,thereareveralreasonswhyplantsaredisperdbyants.

Thereistheconnsusthatantnestsarenutrientenrichedsitesandthereforeitmaybeadvantageousforedsto

germinatefromwithinantnests.

TheresultofthisstudyconcurredwithBerg’shypothesisthatedsareprotectedfromfirethroughtheirburialin

ants’nests.

■AcademicVoice(P4)

Poignant深刻的、尖锐的

Provocative刺激的、挑衅的

Compelling强制的

Striking显著的、惊人的

Proposal提议、建议

Objection反对

Insight洞察、

Discour论述、讨论

Investigate调查、研究

Disapprove不赞成

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

Part2Introduction

知识点:组织架构

ound(背景)

Intherecentyears,therehasbeenadramaticincreatendencyin…

tureReview(文献综述)

Thereisageneralconnsusthat…

Itisgenerallyacceptedthat…

Itwaxplicitlystatedthat…明确指出…

Followingsimilarlines…与此类似的

Therehasbeenarisingtrendin…

(已有研究局限性)

Thereisapressingneed…

However,fewstudiesfocuson…

Thisbringstothepurpoofthisstudy.

per(论文简述)

Theprimaryobjectiveofthepaperisto…

Ourmodelofthe…isgeneralenoughto…

Forthispaper,ouranalysisislimitedto…

■知识点:“说”的同义词

Accepts接受

Admits承认

Advocates提倡、坚持

Agrees同意

Analyze分析

Argues辩称

Asrts断言

Assumes猜想

Believes相信

Claims声明、断言

Comments评论

Concludes总结

Confirms确认

Considers考虑

Denies拒绝

Doubts怀疑

Emphasizes强调

Establishes确立

Explains解释

Hypothesizes假设、猜测

Illustrates说明

Indicates表明

Investigate调查

Maintains坚持

Notes写到、记下

Pointsout指出

Propos提议

Remarks评论

Shows显示

States声明

Suggests建议、暗示

Thinks认为

知识点:语法

ent(强调)

Information:The……(Smith,2000).

Author:Smith(2000)arguedthat…

WeakAuthor:AsSmith(2000)pointedthat…

(时态)

陈述当前境况，按具体内容使用时态(现在时、过去时、过去完成时…)

文献综述，多使用一般过去时(因为文章已经发表)

本文概述，多使用一般现在时(因为文章正被阅读)

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

Part3DescribingMethodology

知识点:组织架构

chobjective(研究目的)

Theexperimentwasinitiatedto…Thestudyaimstoexamine…

t(要素:时间、地点、对象、人物等)

(Subject):Thesubjects/participantswere[num][noun]from…

Agroupof…wererecruitedasparticipantsfortheinvestigation

(Location):Theinvestigationwasperformedin…

(Materials):Questionnairesweredevelopedforthesurvey.

Thedataudfortheanalysisconsistsof…takenfrom…

ure

Copiesofthequestionnaireweregivento…

Emailscontainingthesurveymaterialswerentto…

eatment

Theresultof…weresubjectedtostatisticaltest

Thedatawerecomputer-analyzedusingSPSS.

■知识点:步骤叙述

tialMarkers

Tobeginwith//Firstofall

Firstly//Secondly//Finally//Lastly

Next//Then//Afterthat//Afterward//Followingthis

Beforethis//Previously//Atthistime/point//Now//Hence//Thus

Inaddition//Itisalso//Later/Until

subquently//conquently//simultaneously//concurrently

Subjects:

Choo//include//recruit//volunteered//paidtoparticipate

Materials:

Obtain//SupplyBepilotedandmodified//Begathered

Becompodof//Belocated//Beinstalled//Beequippedwith

Rearchdesign:

Apply//employ//develop//resortto(采取、使用)//u//conduct

Procedure:

Bedeveloped//Bentto//Begivento//Carryout//follow//perform//propo

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

知识点:时态,:注意使用过去时

■例子

AgroupofMBAstudentsfromamajormetropolitanstateuniversitywererecruitedasparticipantsforthe

stionnairewasadministeredafterthetopicofBSChadbeendiscusdinthecour.136students

oundinformationabouttheparticipants

own,nageoftheparticipantswas

approximately29yearsold,theyearsofworkingexperiencewassixontheaverage.

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

Part4Results&Discussion

知识点:组织架构

llySummarization(整体概述)

Onekeyissueinthisstudywas…

Reporting(结果展示分析)

Thepreliminaryanalysisdiscoveredthat…初步分析发现

Descriptivestatisticsdemonstratedthatthowho…描述性统计显示

ResultofANOVAfurtherdisplayedthat…

XXXtestwasadopted

Discussion(结果讨论)

Consistentwithpreviousstudies,weobrved...

Thisresultsupportsthenotionthat…该结果支持了XXX的观点

Thisstudyhasveralimplicationsforteachingidioms.

sion(结论)

Unexpectedly,wefound……

ComparisonshowsthatXXXiscomparabletoother…

知识点:词汇、短语

■1.结果展示

Barchart条形图Piechart饼图Linegraph折线图

Areachart面积图Scatterplot散点图Radarchart雷达图

Percentage百分比

Verticalaxis纵轴

Horizontalaxis横轴

Fluctuation波动

Convex凸的

Concave凹的

Top/Peak最高点、尖峰

Slope斜坡

Plateau停滞(n.)

Upward向上的

Downward下降的

TableXrecords

AsTableXshows//AsshowninGraphX

AccordingtoTableX

Asthegraphabove/below

As/Itcanbeen…

Itappearsthat…

Itcanbeconcluded

Wefoundthat…

Tosumup//Inconclusion

Decrea/decline/reduction/fall/drop/dip下降

Minimal/slight/slow/gradual/steady平缓的、微弱的

Marked/large/dramatic/steep/sharp/abrupt剧烈的、显著的

Itisapparentthat…

Quiterevealinginveralways

Thereisacleartrendthat…

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

■2.因果分析

强调原因:

Thedeathratefromcancerisincreasingbecau/owingtothefactthatpeoplearesmokingmore.

Thefactthatthedeathratefromcancerisincreasingisdueto/maybeduetopeoplesmokingmore.

Thereasonfor/cauofthedeathratefromcancerincreasingisthat/couldbethat…

Anincreainthedeathratefromcancerpeoplesmokingmore.

oneeffectof

oneresultof

oneconquenceof

is/maybe+caudby

dueto

becauof

resultsfrom

arifrom

强调结果:

thratefromcancerisincreasing.

So,

Thus,

Hence,

Therefore,

Conquently,

Asaresult,

Asaresultofwhich

Withtheresultthat

Asaconquence,

Asaconquenceofwhich

Forthisreason,

Becauofthis,

OwingtoXXX,YYY

XXXYYY

Resultsin/Leadsto

Produces/Caus

Isthecauof

Givesrito

Bringsabout

3.语气强弱

强化:Crucial(关键性的、极其重要的)Principal(最重要的、主要的)

EsntialSignificantFundamental

QuiteClearlyObviouslyUndoubtedlyCertainly

IndeedInevitably(不可避免地、必然地)

Invariably(总是、不变的)Literally(确实地、真正地)

弱化:LikelyMaybePerhapsPossiblePossibly

ProbableProbablyRelatively

AppearSeemSuggest

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

4.比较与对比

Comparison(Similarities):

SimilartoSimilarityBothLikewi

InthesamewayHave…incommonAswellas

Contrast(Differences):

WhereasWhileHoweverButUnlike

InsteadDifferAlthoughConverly

BedifferentfromContraryto

OnthecontraryEventhoughOntheotherhand

知识点:时态(我也说不清,好自为之吧)

侧重研究过程使用一般过去时:Thepreliminaryanalysisdiscoveredthat…

指代图表内容使用一般现在时:Thelinegraphbelowshows…

其他事实依据内容确定时态:Peoplearesmokingmore,asaresult…

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

Part5Conclusion

■知识点:组织架构

yofArgument(论点总结)

Ourexperimentindicatedthat…,conformingtoXXX’sstudyresult.

totheRearchQuestions(回答研究问题)

XXXplayedanimportantrolein…

ations(意义)

Thisstudyhasveralimplicationsfor...

tion&FurtherRearch(局限性与进一步的研究)

However,therewasanobviouslimitationinthisstudy…

Weexpectmorestudiestobecarriedoutin...

知识点:方法

izing(总结)

用尽可能简短的话明确声明论点，去除不重要的部分

rasing(改写)

从以下方面着手：

Usynonyms使用同义词

Changewordforms使用词语的不同形式

Makenecessarystructuraladjustments对结构进行必要的调整

Changebetweenaffirmative&negative肯定、否定的转换

Includereferencetotheoriginalsource引用前文来源处

示例

-splittingalgorithmthatfindsagood

cas,itisbetter,forinstance,thanKorhonen’salgorithm.

Comparisonshowsthatthenode-splittingmethodiscomparabletootherheuristicmethods.

Anadvantageofthisalgorithmisthatthecomputationsofthebead’smovementcanbedoneinparallel,providedthat

ntakeadvantageofsomeparallelcomputers,for

example,mappingeachbeadtoa(virtual)processor.

networkhasbeensuccessfullyappliedtosolve

manyoptimizationproblems,forexample,uldbeaninteresting

ssiblethatthetechniquescanalsobeappliedtosolvetheSMTifagoodmappingof

theproblemtoanappropriatenetworkarchitectureisfound.

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

Part6Abstract

■知识点:组织架构

tion&ProblemStatement(Gap)

Theindustryisalreadywellknownforitffortstoimprovetheeco-efficiencyofitsprocess.

Thefocusofthisrearchisintheareaof…

Thestudyfocudon2mainareas.

ch(Methodology)

Wecarriedoutariesoffieldtests…

Thispaperdevelopsatheoreticalframeworkto…

Theframeworkforlifecycleanalysishasbeendeveloped.

Therearchapproachadoptedinthisdisrtationincludes…

s

Fromthedata,itcanbeconcludedthat…

Thefindingsfromthisrearchprovideevidencethat…

Resultsindicatedthattheproblemivenmorerious…

sions

Itappearsthat…

Theremightbeaneedfor…

Ithasbeenfound/provedthat…

Thisdisrtationrecommendsthat…

Thisindicatesthatthereareveralfactors….

Themainconclusionsdrawnfromthisstudyare…

示例：

(总述)Thisdisrtationexaminestheimpactsofsocialmovementsthroughamulti-layeredstudyoftheMississippiCivil

RightsMovementsfromitspeakintheearly1960sthroughtheearly1980s.

(内容)Byexaminingthishistoricallyimportantca,thewriterclarifiestheprocessbywhichmovementstransformsocial

structuresandtheconstraintswhentheytrytodoso.

(对象)Thetimeperiodstudiedincludestheexpansionofvotingrightsandgainsinblackpoliticalpower,thedegregation

ofpublicschoolsandtheemergencyofwhite-flightacademies,andtheriandfalloffederalanti-povertyprograms.

(方法)Twomajorrearchstrategieswereud:(1)aquantitativeanalysisofcounty-leveldataand(2)threecastudies.

Datahavebeencollectedfromarchives,interviews,newspapers,andpublishedreports.

(结论)Thisdewfederalagencies,courts,

politicalparties,oreconomicelitesastheagentsdrivinginstitutionalchange,buttypicallythegroupsactedinresponto

theleveragebroughttobearbythecivilrightsmovement.

(意义)TheMississippimovementattemptedtoforgeindependentstructuresforsustainingchallengestolocalinequitiesand

ellingchangeinanarrayoflocalinstitutions,movementinfrastructureshadanenduringlegacyin

Mississippi.

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

Part7References

■知识点:ScienceReferenceStyle

Journals:

,,tion.14,819-834(1980).

Books:

,MayIpasstheexam(SEUPress,Nanjing,1956).

,MayIpasstheexam(SEUPress,Nanjing,ed.3,1956),pp.7-11.

Thes:

,MayIpasstheexam,SEU(1973).

示例：

,PhDthesis,UniversityCollegeDublin(2009).

,&,Commonalitiesanddifferencesinwordidentificationskillsamong

geLearning.55(1),73-100(2005).

berg,,Evidenceforlong-termlanguagerepetitionpriminginconceptual

lofMemoryandLanguage.49,80–94(2003).

dnitz,,InterlingualhomographinterferenceinGerman-Englishbilinguals:

ualism:LanguageandCognition.51,1–23(2002).

■知识点:ModernLanguageAssociation(MLA)Style

Journals:

,YipingJiao.“MayIpasstheexam.”JournalofJiecao.59.1(2000):835-62

Books:

,g:SEUPress,2014.

Thes:

,“MayIpasstheexam.”PhDthesis,SEU,.

示例：

,kingSocialDevelopment:Theory,:

Longman,1994.

,Susan."MythsofAsianWomanhood."JournalofAsianStudies.59.1(2000):835-62.

gh,:Veritas，2001.

4.O’Connor,John."TowardsaGreenerIreland.”DiscoveringOurNaturalSustainableResources:

FutureProofing,UniversityCollegeDublin,15–:IrishEnvironmental

Institute,2009.65–

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

Part8SubmittingPaper

■知识点:Asubmissioncoverletter(投稿)

,

Thisisamanuscriptentitled“MAYIPASSTHEEXAM”byYueLishaandWeiJinjinfromLaboratoryof

NOJIECAO,SchoolofCommunicationandControlEngineering,JiangnanUniversity,Wuxi,bmittedto

beconsideredforpublicationasan“OriginalArticle”inyourjournal.

Noconflictofinterestexitsinthesubmissionofthismanuscript,andmanuscriptisapprovedbyallauthors

liketodeclareonbehalfofmyco-authorsthattheworkdescribedwasoriginalrearch

thathasnotbeenpublishedpreviously,andnotunderconsiderationforpublicationelwhere,inwholeorinpart.

Inthiswork,hispaperissuitablefor“XXXJOURNAL”.

TheFollowingisalistofpossiblereviewersforyourconsideration:

1)ProfessorGuE-mail:Guyajie@

2)ProfessorQianE-mail:Qianmengxiong@

Wedeeplyappreciateyourconsiderationofourmanuscript,andwelookforwardtoreceivingcomments

aveanyqueries,pleadon’thesitatetocontactmeattheaddressbelow.

Enclodpleafindthepaper.

Thankyouandbestregards.

Yourssincerely,

YueLisha

Correspondingauthor:

jin

XXLab

XXSchool

XXUniversity

Nanjing210096

Tel:(+8625)87654321

E-mail:Weijinjin@

AcademicWritingCour复习参考

知识点:Respontorevisionletter(回复要求修正的信)

,

Onbehalfofmyco-authors,wethankyouverymuchforgivingusanopportunitytoreviourmanuscript,weappreciate

editorandreviewersverymuchfortheirpositiveandconstructivecommentsandsuggestionsonourmanuscriptentitled“May

IPasstheExam”.(ID:IEJ-12-00123).

Wehavestudiedreviewer’tried

ourbesttoreviourmanuscriptaccordingtothecomments.

Attachedpleafindtherevidversion,whichwewouldliketosubmitforyourkindconsideration.

Wewouldliketoexgforwardtohearing

fromyou.

Thankyouandbestregards.

<其余同前>

知识点:Respontothereviewer’scomments(回复修正意见)

PoliteExpressions

Weareverysorryforournegligenceof…

Weareverysorryforourincorrectwriting…

ItisreallytrueasReviewersuggestedthat…

AsReviewersuggestedthat…

WehavemadecorrectionaccordingtotheReviewer’scomments.

Wehavere-writtenthispartaccordingtotheReviewer’ssuggestion.

ConsideringtheReviewer’ssuggestion,wehave…

Specialthankstoyouforyourgoodcomments.

知识点:查询信(你丫敢催…找死呢…)

PoliteExpressions

sureifitistherighttimetocontactyoutoinquireaboutthestatusofmysubmitted

manuscripttitled“XXX”.(ID:XX),althoughthestatusof“WithEditor”hasbeenlastingformorethantwomonths,

twonderingthatmymanuscripthasbeennttoreviewersornot?

Iwouldbegreypleadto

hearfromyouonthereviewer’scomments.

Thankyouverymuchforyourconsideration.

<其余同前>