scaring

人教版高二英语上册第10单元知识点：Frighteningnature

人教版高二英语上册第10单元知识点：Frighteningnature

Frighteningnature知识点

snatureformadangertopeopleintheworld

andhowcansciencehelpreducethatthreat.大自然是怎样对

全世界人民形成一种威胁的及科学能如何帮助减少这种威胁。(p.73

WarmingUpNo.3)

1)danger此处用作可数名词，意为“危害，威胁”，常与介

词to或of连用。如：①Thenarrowbridgeisadangertotraffic.

这座狭窄的桥梁对交通造成了危险。②Violentcriminalslikethat

areadangertosociety.这种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害。③A

busystreetisadangertochildren.交通流量大的街道对小孩

子很危险。

链接像danger一样，还有些抽象名词可表示具体化的事物。

如：surpri，cold，pleasure，pity，failure，success，worry，

honour，experience，must，difficulty，youth，beauty，wonder，

interest等;但也有些抽象名词即使没有形容词修饰也不能具体化，

如：fun，advice，information，health，progress，wealth，news，

weather等。如：①Theexperimenthasturnedoutasuccess.实

验终于成功了。②ManypeopleagreethataknowledgeofEnglish

isamustininternationaltradetoday.许多人赞成当今国际贸

易中英语知识是不可缺少的东西。

2)reduce此处用作及物动词，意为“把(数量、力量等)减

少;缩小(尺寸、程度等);降低(价格等)”，如：①Iboughtthisshirt

becauitwasreducedfrom$12to$6.我买了这件衬衣，因为

它的价格从12英镑减到6英镑。②Shereducedherweightby5

kilograms.她的体重减轻了5公斤。③Reducethesaucebyboiling

itfortenminutes.煮十分钟把调味汁熬掉些。④Thenewworking

methodfurtherreducedproductioncosts.新的操作方法进一步

降低了生产成本。

拓展reduce还可意为“使成为(多用于被动语态且与to连用);

使处于某种状态(须与to连用)”。如：①Thebombreducedthecity

toruins.炸弹爆炸使得该城镇化为废墟。②Thehouwasreduced

toashes.房子被烧成了灰烬。③Hemanagedtoreducedthegroup

ofchildrentosilence.他设法使这些孩子静了下来。④Intheold

societyhewasreducedtobegging.在旧社会他被逼得讨饭。

ndsaidhewasscaredtodeath.我的朋友说他

吓得要死。(p.74Speaking倒数第7行)

1)scared意为“感到害怕(恐惧)的，受惊吓的”，其后常与

介词of/at，动词不定式或that从句连用。如：①Areyouscared

ofsnakes?你怕蛇吗?②Whywon#39;tyoucomeonthetrip?Are

youscared?你为什么不参加旅行?你害怕吗?③Shewasscaredto

rideonthehor.她怕

骑马。④I#39;mscaredtoflyinaplane/scaredthatit

mightcrash.我很怕坐飞机旅行/很怕飞机坠毁。

辨析scared;frightened;terrified三者意义相同，只是程

度不同：scared语气最弱，terrified语气最强。

①Ifeltabitscaredwhentheplanetookoff.飞机起

飞时，我有点害怕。②Thechildwasfrightenedbythebigdog.

那孩子被狗吓坏了。③Iwasterrifiedwhenthetigerrantowards

me.那只老虎向我扑来时，我吓坏了。

2)本句中的介词to表示某一过程达到的结果，变为“成

了…，以至变为…”。如：①Hisdebtsamountedto5,000dollars.

他的负债额达到了5000美元。②Thecupwasbrokentopieces.那

杯子破成了碎片。③Thesnowsoonturnedtowaterundertherays

ofthesun.在阳光照射下雪很快变成了水。④Thecakewasburnt

toacinderbythetimeMarygotback.玛丽回来时，点心已烤

成焦炭。⑤Hedrankhimlftodeath.他饮酒致死。⑥Toourgreat

surpri，hedidn#39;tturnup.使我们很奇怪的是他竟然没有露

面。

oplegotintoatotalpanic,whenthetyphoon

pulledtheroofsofftheirhousandcarswentupintheair.

当台风掀掉屋顶、汽车刮上天时，有些人惊慌起来。(p.74Speaking

倒数第4行)

1)getintoapanic意为“进入恐怖状态”，其后与about

连用引出原因。如：①Theaudiencegotintoapanicaboutthe

fireinthetheatre.观众因剧院起火而变得慌乱起来。②Shegot

intoapanicwhenshethoughtshe#39;dforgottenthetickets.

她想起忘了带入场券时，顿时惊慌起来。

注意panic尤其指没有明确的理由而传开于群众间的恐慌，通

常用单数形式或当作不可数名词。如：①Wewerethrownintoapanic

whenthelightssuddenlywentoff.当灯突然熄灭时，我们陷入

一片慌乱。②Thecrowdwasinapanic.群众陷入恐慌状态。

2)句中off意为“从原位置或接触连接处移开，分离或脱

落”，即从整体中去掉某一部分。如：①Oneofthebuttonshas

comeoffmycoat.我的衣服掉了一个纽扣。②Thebushitatruck

andranofftheroad.那辆公共汽车撞上了一辆卡车，冲出了公路。

③Shetooksomemeatofftheplate.她从盘子里拿走了一些肉。

④Youaregoingoffthesubject,aren#39;tyou?你的话离题

了，不是吗?

3)goup的几种常见意思：a.上涨，提高;b.响起;c.爆

炸,被炸，/烧毁;d.拔地而起。如：①Everythingemstobe

goingupthedays.近来什么东西好像都要涨价。②Whenthe

firststreamofclearwaterflowedintothecanal，agreatcheer

wentup.当第一股清泉流入水渠时，顿时一片欢腾。③Thetall

buildingwentupinflames.这座大楼在熊熊烈火中烧毁了。④New

universitieswentupatafantasticrateinthe1980s.在80

年代，新的大学以极快的速度建造起来。

,tkindofthingwouldreallyfrighten

me.嗯，老兄。那种事情确实使我害怕。(p.74Speaking倒数第4

行)

man此处用作不可数名词，用于称呼男性，意为“老兄”。如：

①Thispartyisreallygreat,man!老兄，这个聚会真是棒极了!

②Wakeup,man，youcan#39;tsleepallday!老兄，醒醒，你

不能整天睡觉!

链接有关man的几种特殊用法：(1)在男人与女人相提并论

时，man前不用冠词，单独用。如：Manisstrongerthanwoman.男

人比女人强壮。(2)用作不可数名词，表示“人类”时，不和冠词连

用。如：Manmustfightforhisownexistence.人类必须为自己

的生存而奋斗。(3)menandwoman是固定短语，词序不能颠倒，表

示“男女”。如：ThisTVplayissointerestingthatmenand

women，boysandgirlsliketowatchit.这部电视剧非常有趣，

男女老少都爱看。(4)含man的几条谚语：①Somanymen，somany

minds.人各有志。②Likemaster，likeman.有其主必有其仆。

③Deadmantellnotales.死人不会泄露。④Amancandiebut

once.人无二死。⑤Amancandon0morethanhecan.凡事应

量力而行。⑥Amancannotspinandreelatthesametime.一

心不能二用。⑦Amanhaschoicetobeginlove,butnottoend

it.谈爱容易摆脱难。⑧Menmaymeetbutmountainsnever.人

生何处不相逢。⑨Amanofwordsandnotofdeedsislikeagarden

fullofweeds.光说不做的人有如光生长野草的花园。⑩Nomanis

bornwiorlearned.人非生而知之者。#9322;Nomaniswi

atalltimes.智者千虑必有一失。

smyhairstandonend.这令我毛骨悚然。(p.75

Ufulexpressions)

onend意义有二：a.直立;b.连续的，继续地(也可以说

right/straightonend)。如：Wehadtostandthetableonend

togetinthroughthedoor.我们只能把桌子竖起才能把它抬进这

门。Theterriblesightmadeherhairstandonend.那可怕的

景象使她毛骨悚然。Hesatthereforhoursonend.她连续几个

小时坐在那儿。Ithasbeensnowingonendforaweek.雪连续下

了一周。

第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21.______,Mike?Youlookpale.

’sup

______twowarsandthreerevolutions.

hrough

hatadoctor______immediately.

ntforD.

bentfor

24.------DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyou

owedher?

-----------ttoher_____Isawher.

ent

nplaythepiano,singandleadhisorchestra

______.

thesame

re______todeathwhentheysawagiant

spider.

havingsupperwhentheclock______twelve.

d

28.—WillJohncomeheretoday?.

—No,hefinallydecided______.

ng

eportedthattheshipandallpeople______

hadsunk.

d

,Jim.______yougiveus..

asantsurpri.

easantsurpri

careoftheboy______hewerehisownson.

ough

lonthebusbegantosingapopsongandsoon

alltheothers______..

rtin

33.______theairport,hewasarrestedbythepolice.

ving

rivalat

rsocksmade____________ormachine?

htofthedeadmanmadehishair______onend.

第二部分:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36-55各题所给的四个选

项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

Lastyear,myclassmateJaneandIgraduatedfroman

stofthestudentswhohad

juststeppedoutofuniversity,wehadto(36)thefirsttough

test—jobhuntingto(37)

most(38)(39)wasveryfierce.

Dozensofmyclassmates,Jane(40),ntourresumestoakey

middleschoolforateachingpost,makingthechanceofsuccess

aslowas1to20.

Beforethejobinterview,I(41)thoroughpreparations,

includingaformalsuit,anewly-donehair,afew(42)onjob

interviews,andevensomeancientChinepoems(43)I

dayeverythingwent

off(44).

very(45).

a“V”(46)ledatme,lookingalittleworried.

I(47)shewasnotaloquent(雄辩的)asI,thoughnotinferior

r,

aweeklater,allofusreceivedlettersof(48).Anotherweek

later,guesswhathappened!Shegotthejob!(49)

congratulatingher,d,“I

did(50).Ijustwrotethemanoteofthanksafterreceiving

theletterofrefusal.”Onlythen(51)Irealizewhyallthe

applicantshadreceivedthesamelettersandthatwasalsoa

partofthe(52).

Onlyanoteofthanks,butthatwaswhatmadeallthe

perience(53)meagoodlesson,thatis,

(54)excellentyouare,youshouldneverforgetthe(55)

mannersofsaying“Thankyou!”.

ugh

able

ned

tion

dly

d

ance

hing

t

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选

出最佳选项。

A

irstobrved

byPeruvian(秘鲁)fishermenwhonoticedthatawarmedup

medthe

phenomenon(现象)ELNino,whichisSpanishfor“thechild”,

andreferstotheyoungChrist.

Inmorerecentyears,climatologistshavediscoveredthe

isstillunknown,butit’sclearthatwhenitdoesappear,it

candisrupt(使混乱)weatherpatternsoverthreequartersofthe

,aftertheELNinoof1982/1983,climatologists

realizedthatitaffectstheworld’sweathersystemsmorethan

Ninokilled

over2,000peopleinfloodsanddroughtsandcaud$13billion

worthofdamage.

Inthewaveofsuchglobalclimaticdisruption,

climatologistshavebeguntogivealltheirattentiontothe

s

appearedisacomplexinteractionbetweenaandair,which

drivestheworld’emperaturescreate

windswhichcontrolcurrents(气流),whichinturnmoveheat

aroundthesurfaceoftheoceans,creatingnewwinds,inacycle

iningthisrelationship,

climatologistshavebeguntounderstandhowabodyofwater,

whichisonlyslightlywarmerthanthewateraroundit,canhave

ariouffectonalargearea’nthebody

ofwarmwateristhesizeofthisyear’sELNino,globalclimatic

changeemscertaintohappen.

efirstparagraphwecaninferthat______.

shermencareaboutthephenomenonELNino

anfishermencanspeakSpanish

hasonlyexistedinacertainplaceforalong

time

ruvianfishermenwerescientists

econdparagraphwecangettoknowthat

______.

ologistshavefoundthewaystodealwithELNino

ologisthavefoundtherealcauofELNino

ologistshavefoundhowoftenELNinohappens

ologistshavefoundthattheasonsofthe

globeareoutoforder

hirdparagraph,theunderlined

word“interaction”means“______”.

tyofworking

together

tyofdrawingnear

Ninoyear,______.

snowindblowing

ftheglobe

arecoveredbyawater

Today,airtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacaron

llthereisadangerthatgrowvery

rplanescancarry

airitlfbecomesmoreandmore

argeairlinerstruckintoanotherinmidair,

600livescouldbelost.

Fromthemomentanairlinertakesofftothemomentit

lands,ffic

controllerstellthepilotexactlywhentoturn,whentoclimb,

trafficcontrollersaroundabusy

airportlikeLondon-Heathrowmaydealwith2,500planesaday.

nethat

fliesneartheairportcomesundertheordersofthecontrollers

mallmistakeontheirpartcouldcauaterrible

accident.

gejets

carrying69pasngers

fromToronto,

trafficcontrollernoticedonhisradarscreenthatthetwo

redonetoturnto

redthe

,insteadofturningawayfromthe

condplane,n

condslateritflewdirectlyinfrontofthecondplane.

distancebetweenthemwaslessthanthatofalargeswimming

anexampleofthedangerthatgrowveryyear.

fthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothe

passage?

ing

byairisnotassafeasbycar.

ingbycarisasdangerousasbyair.D.

Travelingbycarismoredangerousthanbyair.

trafficcontrollersofanairport______.

orderstoplanesleavingtheairport

alwiththeplanesthatwanttolandthereD.

areallowedtohandle250planesaday

gerofaircrashesgrowveryyearbecau

______.

ersaregettinglargerandairtrafficis

becomingheavier

doesnotalwayshearacontroller’sorder

ollerislikelytomakemoreandmoremistakes

tscanhardlyrvethegrowingnumberof

airplanes

mpleinthepassageistoshowthat______.

fficcontrollersareoftencareless

fficcontrollersshouldpaymuchattentionto

avoidingaccidents

fficultforairplanestoavoidterrible

accidents

nesshouldnotflytooclotoeachother

nds

heyweretold

anearthquakewouldhitTokyoaroundSeptember16,Japane

peoplehaven’tbeenabletogetthethoughtsoutoftheir

minds.

TheyheardthenewsfromYoshioKushida,arearcherwho

udradiowavestopredictthatanearthquakewouldstrikewith

amagnitude(量级)ofatleastven.“Itwouldbeterriblenot

towarnpeopleofapossibledisasterincaaquakeactually

occurs,”hesaid.

enedTokyopeople

havebeenstockingupon(贮存)water,foodandcandlesin

preparationfortheterribleday.

ButKushidahasn’thadmuchsupportfromtheexperts.

Atprent,predictingearthquakesisthoughttobeimpossible.

Noonecantellexactlywhereorwhenthenextmajorearthquake

hquakebeginstensofmilesbelowtheearth’

ssurface:it’stoofar-awaytoe.

AncientChineandItalianscientistsforecast

earthquakesbyspecial“earthquakeclouds”.Theyfoundthat

aweekbeforeanearthquake,therewereoftenstrangeclouds

—shapedlikesnakes,wavesorfeathers—

thoughtthecloudsmightcomefromagasproducedunderground

byanearthquake.

Peoplealsoudtowatchanimalstoeifearthquakes

eysawbirdsflyawaysuddenly,dogsbarking

violentlyorfishjumpingoutofthewater,theytoldpeople

ientistsbelievedanimalshada

sharpernofchangestakingplaceunderground.

Buttheancientmethodswerenotreliableenough.

Nowadays,scientistsuspecialinstrumentstopredict

earthquakesmoreprecily(精确地).

Satellitesystemsareveryuful:theyrecordsmall

changesintheearth’smagneticfields(磁场)whichhelpshow

whereandwhenanearthquakemaystrike.

heyweretoldanearthquakewouldhitTokyo,

Japanepeople______.

waysthought

greatdamageitmaycau

ughtallthe

foodsinthemarkets

fthefollowingisTRUE?

eopleweresurpridatthewarning.

rdisasterswouldhappenifpeoplearenot

warnedofbeforeanearthquake.

tingearthquakesiscompletelyimpossibleat

prentsciencelevel.

ingtoancientpeople,beforeanearthquakewe

canestrangecloudsanywhere.

nferfromthepassagethat______.

hquakeisabouttoattackTokyo

resomesignsofanearthquakeanyonecanknow

aboutbeforeithappens

imalscanprecilypredictanyearthquake

predictearthquakesaccordingtosmallchanges

ofmagneticfieldsoftheearthmoreprecily

anbethebesttitleforthepassage?

icFieldsC.

uakeinJapan

WewelcomeyouaboardtheFinnairFlightandwilldo

ourbesttomakeyourtripcomfortableandenjoyable.

Foryoursafetyandconvenience

Tobeginthetrip,wewouldliketodrawyourattention

realsoexplainedonthe

lts

mustremainfastenedwhilethe“Fastenatbelts”signison.

Itisadvisabletokeepthemfastenedatalltimeswhileated.

ofmobiletelephonesis

nowallowedwhentheairplaneisonthegroundandthe“Fasten

atbelts”theflighttheuof

CDandDVDplayersisnotallowed.

Foryourentertainment

Tohelpyouenjoyyourtrip,weprovidearangeof

ID-1landBoeing

aircraft,wearealsopleadtoprovidemusicandvideo

usA321/320/319,aircraftroutemapsandshort

sofentertainmentprogramsavailable

onMD-11aircraftareshownontheparate“OntheAir”

brochure(小册子)locatedinyouratpocket.

Foryourchildren

Specialreadingmaterialisprovidedforchildrenandon

longerflightstherearealsoaudioandvideoprogramsforthem.

Onlong-distanceflights,first-timeflyersbetweentheages

of2and15canjoinourFinnairJuniorPlusClub.

Mealsanddrinks

Duringmostflightswerveyouatastymealwithdrinks

,wineandotherdrinksarervedfree

,teaandjuicearervedfreeofchargeon

sticflights

leavingbeforenineandonallflightstonorthernFinland,a

magazineyou’

llfindaspecialformforyourcommentsaboutourrvice.

canalsofaxit(+358-(0)89819-7729)orndyourcommentsby

e-mailtofeedback@wispleadtoanswer

yourquestionsduringtheflightwheneverpossible.

fthefollowingisNOTtrue?

theflightyouhavetokeepyouratbelt

fastenedallthetime.

kingAirbusA321/320/319,youmayknowwhere

youarethroughanaircraftroutemap.

theflightyoumaylistentomusicorwatch

video.

theflightyoumayhavesomecoffeeorteaor

juiceforfree.

poofthepassageisto______.

hepasngershowtoutheatbelts

epasngerswhatkindofentertainmentthey

canenjoyduringtheirflight

agethepasngerstogivecommentsonthe

rvice

ucethegoodrviceoftheFinnairandattract

morepasngers

’llbeonadomesticflightforanhour,you

may______.

offee,teaandjuicefreeofcharge

eFinnairJuniorPlusClub

rcraftroutemapsandshortvideos

players

findthispassagein______.

cial

document

Haveyoueversuddenlyfeltthatsomeoneyouknewwas

introuble—andwashe?Haveyoueverdreamedsomething

thatcametruelater?MaybeyouhaveESP(特异功能).

ecalled

stoletpeopleknowabouteventsbefore

theyhappen,oreventsthatarehappeningsomedistanceaway.

Here’ly

shescreamed,“Myfatherisdead!Isawhimsittinginthe

chair!”Justthen,an’sfatherdied

sittinginachair.

Therearethousandsofstorieslikethisoneonrecord.

Scientistsarestudyingthemtofindoutwhat’sbehindthe

’sanotherexample—oneof

hundredsofdreamsthathavecometrue.

Amandreamedhewaswalkingalongaroadwhenahor

versaid,“There’sroomforone

more.”Themanfeltthedriveremeddead,soheranaway.

Thenextday,whenthemanwasgettingonacrowdedbus,the

busdriversaid,“There’sroomforonemore.”

Thenthemansawthatthedriver’sfacewasthesameface

dn’

busdroveoff,newas

killed!

Somepeoplesaystorieslikethearecoincidences.

Others,includingsomescientists,

studiesofESP,wemaysomedaylearnmoreaboutthehumanmind.

ingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesthat

thesixthnis______.

ible

yingESP,scientistsmaygetto______.

reabouthuman

dreams

owstrangethings

happen

astparagraphtheunderlinedword

“coincidences”probablymeans“______”.

thathappenin

adream

thathappenby

accident

ticleismainlyabout______.

anmind

edbus

参考答案:

21-25DACDC26-30DAADD

31-35BCDDC36-40DAACB

41-45BADCA46-50CACBC

51-55BDDCB56-60BCBCD

61-65AABBB66-70DAADA71-75CACDB

知识点是同学们提高总体学习成绩的重要途径，高二英语上册

第10单元知识点为大家巩固相关重点，让我们一起学习，一起进步

吧!