robbed

TheCodeofHammurabiCODEOFLAWS

neensnareanother,puttingabanuponhim,buthecannotproveit,thenhethat

nebringanaccusationagainstaman,andthe

accudgototheriverandleapintotheriver,ifhesinkintheriverhisaccurshalltake

heriverprovethattheaccudisnotguilty,andheescapeunhurt,

thenhewhohadbroughttheaccusationshallbeputtodeath,whilehewholeapedintotheriver

shalltakeposssionofthehouthathadbelongedtohisaccur.

nebringanaccusationofanycrimebeforetheelders,anddoesnotprovewhathe

hascharged,heshall,ifitbeacapitaloffencharged,beputtodeath.

tisfytheelderstoimpoafineofgrainormoney,heshallreceivethefinethat

theactionproduces.

getryaca,reachadecision,andprenthisjudgmentinwriting;iflatererror

shallappearinhisdecision,anditbethroughhisownfault,thenheshallpaytwelvetimesthe

finetbyhimintheca,andheshallbepubliclyremovedfromthejudge'sbench,andnever

againshallhesittheretorenderjudgement.

nestealthepropertyofatempleorofthecourt,heshallbeputtodeath,andalso

theonewhoreceivesthestolenthingfromhimshallbeputtodeath.

nebuyfromthesonortheslaveofanotherman,withoutwitnessoracontract,

silverorgold,amaleorfemaleslave,anoxorasheep,anassoranything,orifhetakeitin

charge,heisconsideredathiefandshallbeputtodeath.

nestealcattleorsheep,oranass,orapigoragoat,ifitbelongtoagodortothe

court,thethiefshallpaythirtyfoldtherefor;iftheybelongedtoafreedmanofthekingheshall

paytenfold;ifthethiefhasnothingwithwhichtopayheshallbeputtodeath.

neloanarticle,andfinditintheposssionofanother:ifthepersoninwho

posssionthethingisfoundsay"Amerchantsoldittome,Ipaidforitbeforewitness,"andif

theownerofthethingsay,"Iwillbringwitnesswhoknowmyproperty,"thenshallthe

purcharbringthemerchantwhosoldittohim,andthewitnessbeforewhomheboughtit,

geshallexaminetheir

testimony--bothofthewitnessbeforewhomthepricewaspaid,andofthewitnesswho

chantisthenprovedtobeathiefandshallbeputto

erofthelostarticlereceiveshisproperty,andhewhoboughtitreceivesthe

moneyhepaidfromtheestateofthemerchant.

urchardoesnotbringthemerchantandthewitnessbeforewhomhebought

thearticle,butitsownerbringwitnesswhoidentifyit,thenthebuyeristhethiefandshallbe

puttodeath,andtheownerreceivesthelostarticle.

wnerdonotbringwitnesstoidentifythelostarticle,heisanevil-doer,hehas

traduced,andshallbeputtodeath.

itnessbenotathand,thenshallthejudgetalimit,attheexpirationofsix

itnesshavenotappearedwithinthesixmonths,heisanevil-doer,andshall

bearthefineofthependingca.

nestealtheminorsonofanother,heshallbeputtodeath.

netakeamaleorfemaleslaveofthecourt,oramaleorfemaleslaveofafreed

man,outsidethecitygates,heshallbeputtodeath.

nereceiveintohishouarunawaymaleorfemaleslaveofthecourt,orofa

freedman,anddoesnotbringitoutatthepublicproclamationofthemajordomus,themaster

ofthehoushallbeputtodeath.

nefindrunawaymaleorfemaleslavesintheopencountryandbringthemto

theirmasters,themasteroftheslavesshallpayhimtwoshekelsofsilver.

lavewillnotgivethenameofthemaster,thefindershallbringhimtothepalace;

afurtherinvestigationmustfollow,andtheslaveshallbereturnedtohismaster.

ldtheslavesinhishou,andtheyarecaughtthere,heshallbeputtodeath.

lavethathecaughtrunawayfromhim,thenshallhesweartotheownersofthe

slave,andheisfreeofallblame.

nebreakaholeintoahou（breakintosteal）,heshallbeputtodeathbefore

thatholeandbeburied.

neiscommittingarobberyandiscaught,thenheshallbeputtodeath.

obberisnotcaught,thenshallhewhowasrobbedclaimunderoaththeamount

ofhisloss;thenshallthecommunity,and...onwhogroundandterritoryandinwho

domainitwascompensatehimforthegoodsstolen.

onsarestolen,thenshallthecommunityand...payoneminaofsilvertotheir

relatives.

breakoutinahou,andsomeonewhocomestoputitoutcasthiyeuponthe

propertyoftheownerofthehou,andtakethepropertyofthemasterofthehou,heshallbe

thrownintothatlf-samefire.

eftainoraman（commonsoldier）,whohasbeenorderedtogoupontheking's

highwayforwardoesnotgo,buthiresamercenary,ifhewithholdsthecompensation,thenshall

thisofficerormanbeputtodeath,andhewhoreprentedhimshalltakeposssionofhis

hou.

eftainormanbecaughtinthemisfortuneoftheking（capturedinbattle）,andif

hisfieldsandgardenbegiventoanotherandhetakeposssion,ifhereturnandreacheshis

place,hisfieldandgardenshallbereturnedtohim,heshalltakeitoveragain.

eftainoramanbecaughtinthemisfortuneofaking,ifhissonisabletoenter

intoposssion,thenthefieldandgardenshallbegiventohim,heshalltakeoverthefeeofhis

father.

onisstillyoung,andcannottakeposssion,athirdofthefieldandgardenshall

begiventohismother,andsheshallbringhimup.

eftainoramanleavehishou,garden,andfieldandhiresitout,andsomeone

eltakesposssionofhishou,garden,andfieldandusitforthreeyears:ifthefirstowner

returnandclaimshishou,garden,andfield,itshallnotbegiventohim,buthewhohastaken

posssionofitanduditshallcontinuetouit.

reitoutforoneyearandthenreturn,thehou,garden,andfieldshallbegiven

backtohim,andheshalltakeitoveragain.

eftainoramaniscapturedonthe"WayoftheKing"（inwar）,andamerchant

buyhimfree,andbringhimbacktohisplace;ifhehavethemeansinhishoutobuyhis

freedom,heshallbuyhimlffree:ifhehavenothinginhishouwithwhichtobuyhimlffree,

heshallbeboughtfreebythetempleofhiscommunity;iftherebenothinginthetemplewith

whichtobuyhimfree,ld,garden,andhoushallnotbe

givenforthepurchaofhisfreedom.

...ora...enterhimlfaswithdrawnfromthe"WayoftheKing,"andnda

mercenaryassubstitute,butwithdrawhim,thenthe...or...shallbeputtodeath.

...ora...harmthepropertyofacaptain,injurethecaptain,ortakeawayfromthe

captainagiftprentedtohimbytheking,thenthe...or...shallbeputtodeath.

nebuythecattleorsheepwhichthekinghasgiventochieftainsfromhim,he

loshismoney.

ld,garden,andhouofachieftain,ofaman,orofonesubjecttoquit-rent,can

notbesold.

nebuythefield,garden,andhouofachieftain,man,oronesubjectto

quit-rent,hiscontracttabletofsaleshallbebroken（declaredinvalid）andheloshismoney.

Thefield,garden,andhoureturntotheirowners.

tain,man,oronesubjecttoquit-rentcannotassignhistenureoffield,hou,

andgardentohiswifeordaughter,norcanheassignitforadebt.

,however,assignafield,garden,orhouwhichhehasbought,andholdsas

property,tohiswifeordaughterorgiveitfordebt.

ellfield,garden,andhoutoamerchant（royalagents）ortoanyother

publicofficial,thebuyerholdingfield,hou,andgardenforitsusufruct.

nefenceinthefield,garden,andhouofachieftain,man,oronesubjectto

quit-rent,furnishingthepalingstherefor;ifthechieftain,man,oronesubjecttoquit-rentreturn

tofield,garden,andhou,thepalingswhichweregiventohimbecomehisproperty.

netakeoverafieldtotillit,andobtainnoharvesttherefrom,itmustbeproved

thathedidnoworkonthefield,andhemustdelivergrain,justashisneighborraid,tothe

ownerofthefield.

nottillthefield,butletitliefallow,heshallgivegrainlikehisneighbor'stothe

ownerofthefield,andthefieldwhichheletliefallowhemustplowandsowandreturntoits

owner.

netakeoverawaste-lyingfieldtomakeitarable,butislazy,anddoesnotmakeit

arable,heshallplowthefallowfieldinthefourthyear,harrowitandtillit,andgiveitbacktoits

owner,andforeachtengan（ameasureofarea）tengurofgrainshallbepaid.

renthisfieldfortillageforafixedrental,andreceivetherentofhisfield,but

badweathercomeanddestroytheharvest,theinjuryfallsuponthetillerofthesoil.

notreceiveafixedrentalforhisfield,butletsitonhalforthirdsharesofthe

harvest,thegrainonthefieldshallbedividedproportionatelybetweenthetillerandtheowner.

iller,becauhedidnotsucceedinthefirstyear,hashadthesoiltilledbyothers,

theownermayrainoobjection;thefieldhasbeencultivatedandhereceivestheharvest

accordingtoagreement.

neoweadebtforaloan,andastormprostratesthegrain,ortheharvestfail,or

thegraindoesnotgrowforlackofwater;inthatyearheneednotgivehiscreditoranygrain,he

washeshisdebt-tabletinwaterandpaysnorentforthisyear.

netakemoneyfromamerchant,andgivethemerchantafieldtillableforcornor

sameandorderhimtoplantcornorsameinthefield,andtoharvestthecrop;ifthe

cultivatorplantcornorsameinthefield,attheharvestthecornorsamethatisinthefield

shallbelongtotheownerofthefieldandheshallpaycornasrent,forthemoneyhereceived

fromthemerchant,andthelivelihoodofthecultivatorshallhegivetothemerchant.

veacultivatedcorn-fieldoracultivatedsame-field,thecornorsameinthe

fieldshallbelongtotheownerofthefield,andheshallreturnthemoneytothemerchantas

rent.

venomoneytorepay,thenheshallpayincornorsameinplaceofthemoney

asrentforwhathereceivedfromthemerchant,accordingtotheroyaltariff.

ultivatordonotplantcornorsameinthefield,thedebtor'scontractisnot

weakened.

nebetoolazytokeephisdaminpropercondition,anddoesnotsokeepit;if

thenthedambreakandallthefieldsbeflooded,thenshallheinwhodamthebreakoccurred

besoldformoney,andthemoneyshallreplacethecornwhichhehascaudtoberuined.

notabletoreplacethecorn,thenheandhisposssionsshallbedividedamong

thefarmerswhocornhehasflooded.

neopenhisditchestowaterhiscrop,butiscareless,andthewaterfloodthe

fieldofhisneighbor,thenheshallpayhisneighborcornforhisloss.

letinthewater,andthewateroverflowtheplantationofhisneighbor,heshall

paytengurofcornforeverytenganofland.

pherd,withoutthepermissionoftheownerofthefield,andwithoutthe

knowledgeoftheownerofthesheep,letsthesheepintoafieldtograze,thentheownerofthe

fieldshallharvesthiscrop,andtheshepherd,whohadpasturedhisflocktherewithout

permissionoftheownerofthefield,shallpaytotheownertwentygurofcornforeverytengan.

rtheflockshaveleftthepastureandbeenshutupinthecommonfoldatthecity

gate,anyshepherdletthemintoafieldandtheygrazethere,thisshepherdshalltakeposssion

ofthefieldwhichhehasallowedtobegrazedon,andattheharvesthemustpaysixtygurof

cornforeverytengan.

an,withouttheknowledgeoftheownerofagarden,fellatreeinagardenhe

shallpayhalfaminainmoney.

negiveoverafieldtoagardener,forhimtoplantitasagarden,ifheworkatit,

andcareforitforfouryears,inthefifthyeartheownerandthegardenershalldivideit,the

ownertakinghispartincharge.