11英语

英语音标发音表英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。对于初学者来

说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。确实不易。笔者对音标的教学采用了

相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部

国际音标（英语语音）

元音

单元音

前元音[i:][i][e][æ]

中元音[ʌ][ə:][ə]

后元音[u:][u][ɔ:][ɔ][a:]

双元音

开合双元音[ei][ai][ɔi][əu][au]

集中双元音[iə][εə][uə]

辅音

爆破音

清辅音[p][t][k]

浊辅音[b][d][g]

摩擦音

清辅音[f][s][ʃ][θ][h]

浊辅音[v][z][ʒ][ð]

破擦音

清辅音[tʃ][tr][ts]

浊辅音[dʒ][dr][dz]

鼻音（浊辅音）[m][n][ŋ]

舌则音（浊辅音）[l][r]

半元音（浊辅音）[w][j]

beerdee

19)[]字母组合earair

pearbearchairairfaircaretherewhere

20)[uε]hourtourpoorflowershower

2容易混淆的元音

[A][e]

badbedhandheadmanmenlandlendpanpensadsaid

[i：][ei]

realrailgreetgreatmeanmainreadraid

[e][ai]

betbiteredwritesaidsideheadhide

[aU][R：]

houhorloudlordsouthsaucecloudclaunownorcountcorn

[aU][Q]

foundfonddowndonegowngonetownton

3辅音

1)[p]penpearplaypigpourpullpush

2)[b]bookbigbootbikebreadbreak

3)[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity

4)[d]doordulldeskdododogdictionary

5)[k]kingkitekeylookcookbookkitchensky(发音字母k)

cardcatcreamcorrectclimbcomeaccountaccept(发音字母c)

foxboxoxygenx-ray(发音字母x)schoolscheduleschema(字母组合

ch)

6)[g]girlgoodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage

7)[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb

8)[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean

9)[N]unclebankEnglishthinkthankjunksingkingmorningevening

10)[l]longlandlendlordflyflagblackworldcoldcouldgoalsoul

11)[r]readredrightrunroomwrite

12)[f]fiveflyfineflagfrogfogroofknifelifewifecoughlaughrough

physicphotophone

13)[v]veryeveningeveneveryvoicevestof

14)[s]sixsitstudentsameatkissmisscascarf(发音字母s)

licencityceacedarceilingcelebrate(发音字母c)

licencepiecejuicesciencelancespaceace(字母组合ce)

15)[z]zoozebrazerozap

clonohosuppopauthowho

16)[W]thinkthankthreethirtytoothmouth

17)[T]thatthisthothethough

18)[F]sheepshouldershipshoeshebrushwash

nationattentionstationsocialspecialsure

19)[V]pleasure

20)[h]hothophomehouhorhowwho

21)[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood

22)[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow

23)[tF]childchickenchinachairlunchouchcatchteach

24)[dV]agelanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridgejoyenjoyjoin

JulyJunejunk

25)[tr]treecountrytrytreattracktrunk

26)[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink

27)[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts

28)[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods

4容易混淆的辅音

[v][w]vestwestvetwetvinewineverywell

[s][W]sinkthinkmassmathmissmythsortsought

[z][T]cloclothbreezebreathe

[n][N]thinthingsinsingranrangbanbangwinwing

添加一点:

9)[]字母组合alorauouraraw

smallwalltalktallhallballcallwalk

shortmorelordhorforfortysportdoorfloorstore

authorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtbought

warmquarrelquarterdrawsawflaw

23)[tF]childchickenchinachairlunchouchteach(字母组合ch）

catchwatchmatch（字母组合tch)

5字母，组合音节发音规律

1）a[ei][æ][[][a:][R]

lateprivategradebakegrapenationstationpage

activehandbankfanparentfamilygladflag

acceptaboutaboveformativemachinecinema

fastlastglassclasspastfatherwashwhatwatchwant

2）e[i:][e][i][[]不发音

appreciateextremelycretshemeheletterleftmessagegenerate

pebble

decideprettypreviousresultrestoreproblemprosperousstudent

confident

activetablelatewifestorelecture

3）i[ai][i]

highpricelibraryicecreamwifesizelinefistpickchickenpianofiancé

cityunit

4）o[[J][J:][Q][[][R]

lodehostcoldnoteokayoldhomelodowhowhoprove

loesomeothermotherhoneycompanytodaytomorrowtogether

controlcollect

losthotmockofficesofthonest

5）u[ju][u][Q][[]

universityrefuuniqueuniverhugeputpushpullfullbull

butbrushbucketduckbubblesupportsuggest

6）c[k][s]

countrycampcameracouragecablecityceilingcelebratecellcea

7）g[g][dV][N]

girlgradeglassgladebagflagvillagevegetablebridgegentleman

gym

longsongsingmorningevening

8)l[l]读音不同

listenlearnlanguagecollectEnglishgorillaworldcoldsoiltallllcool

animal

9)n[n][N]

moonnightnoodlenumberunclehungryangryyoung

10)r[r][[](美语发音)

rightreadwritegradeprogresscardboarddoorfloorformnorth

11）y[j][i][ai]

yellowyearyellyoungyolkuniversitycountryprettyhappydykedying

flybuybymy

12）ar[a:][[][R:]

farmcardgardenmarkdollarwarmquarrelquarter

13)ea[i:][e][ei][i[]

ceaasonbreathefeaturemeatplea

breadbreastbreathmeadowweathergreatbreakidearealize

14)ear[[:][i[]

learnearthearnheardhearnearclearearfear

15)er[[:][[][i[]

derverveherpersonteacherdriverangersingerrious

experiencemysteriousfierce

16）ere[i[][Z[]heremerefererethere

17)ir[[:][ai]shirtgirlskirtadmiredesire

18)oo[u:][u][Q][R:]roomtoolcoolmoonnoongooffood

goodfootstoodwoodwoolcookwoodbookbloodflooddoorfloor

19)or[R:][[:][[]

shortformcornbornfor

workworldwormwordworsttractordoctoractorctorniornator

20)oor[R:][J[]doorfloormoorpoorboor

21)our[J[][R:]

hourtourflourbournlourpourcourtfourmourn

22)ou[au][Q][[]

houmouthmousoundfound

enoughtroubletouchdeliciousgraciousprosperous

23)ow[[J][au]windowmeadowknowshowlownowtownhowdown

cow

24)[z][s]nosuppogoloporomouhou

25)th[W][T]thankthinkthoughtclothclothesthatthisthenthan

26)sion[F[n][V[n]

propulsiontensionprogressionpassionprotrusionprovision

conclusiontelevision

27)tionstationnationtranslationattentionquestion

6关于语音的几个概念:

Phonics是一种(方法),是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来.

AHD表示美语发音,TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglish

Language（简称AHD）

KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由JohnSamuelKenyon和John

AlbertKnott两位美国学者共同编著的发音词典APronouncing

DictionaryofAmerican1956中用于标注美式发音的符号系统,这是一套

最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音

标。

DJ是根据英国学者DanielJones编的英语发音字典(English

PronouncingDictionary,1963)中的标音而来.

英式读音根据的是EnglishPronouncingDictionary《英语正音辞典》。

它们代表了被称为“ReceivedPronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读

音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。

1888年国际语音协会(InternationalPhoneticAssociation)的语言学家

便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号(IPA—

InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免

各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。

国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标(DJ)和美式发

音的KK音标，前者乃根据DanielJones编的英语发音字典(English

PronouncingDictionary,1963)，后者则是根据&

二氏的美语发音字典(APronouncingDictionaryof

AmericanEnglish,1956)。值得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从

前面提到的国际音标符号(IPA)而来，Kenyon&Knott二氏仅将其中适

用于美式英语的符号截取出来。

音素:音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.

音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.

元音:发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英

语中有20个元音.辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音

节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.

开音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音ekitecakenamebikemaketake

homeplaneshine

2)辅音+元音hehigonodobetreethreehello

闭音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead

2)元音+辅音itisofinonupoutant