粘贴英语

Test3

LISTENING

SECTION1Questions1-10

Questions1-5

Completethetablebelow.

WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

ApartmentsFacilitiesOtherInformationCost

RoGarden

Apartments

studioflatExample

Entertainment

programme:

Greek__dancing___

￡219

BlueBay

Apartments

largesalt-water

swimmingpool

-just1______metres

Frombeach

-nearshops

￡275

2_____

Apartments

terraceWatersports

￡490

TheGrand-Greekpaintings

-3______

-overlooking4______

-nearasupermarket

andadisco

5￡______

Questions6-10

Completethetablebelow.

WriteONEWORKAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

GREEKISLANDHOLIDAYS

InsuranceBenefitsMaximumAmount

Cancellation

6￡______

Hospital

￡onalbenefitallowsa

7______totraveltoresort

8______departure

Upto￡sonreason

Personalbelongings

Upto￡3000;￡500forone9______

NameofAssistantManager:Ben10______

Directphoneline:

SECTION2Questions11-20

Questions11-13

Choothecorrectletter,A,BorC.

WinridgeForestRailwayPark

11Simon’sideaforathemeparkcamefrom

Ahischildhoodhobby.

Bhisinterestinlandscapedesign.

Chisvisittoanotherpark.

12Whentheystarted,thefamilydecidedtoopentheparkonlywhen

Atheweatherwaxpectedtobegood.

Bthechildrenweren’tatschool.

Ctherewerefewerfarmingcommitments.

13Sinceopening,theparkhashad

A50,000visitors.

B1,000,000visitors.

C1,500,000visitors.

Questions14-18

Whatiscurrentlythemainareaofworkofeachofthefollowingpeople

ChooFIVEanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectletter,A-H,nextto

questions14-18.

Areaofwork

Aadvertising

Banimalcare

Cbuilding

Deducationallinks

Eenginemaintenance

Ffoodanddrink

Gales

Hstaffing

People

14Simon(thespeaker)_______

15Liz_______

16Sarah_______

17Duncan_______

18Judith_______

Questions19and20

Completethetablebelow.

WriteONEWORKAND/ORNUMBERSforeachanswer.

FeatureSizeBiggestchallengeTargetagegroup

Railway1.2kmMakingtunnels

Go-Kartarena19______m2Removingmoundson20______

thetrackyear-olds

SECTION3Question21-30

Completethenotesbelow.

WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

StudySkillsTutorial-CarolineBenning

Disrtationtopic:the21______

Strengths:●22______

●computermodeling

Weakness:●lackofbackgroundinformation

●poor23______skills

PossiblestrategyBenefitsProblems

peergroupdiscussionincreas24______disrtationstendto

containthesame

25______

uthe26______

rvice

providesstructured

programme

Limited27______

consultstudyskillsbooksareagoodsourceof

reference

Canbetoo

28______

Recommendations:●uacardindex

●Readallnotes29______

Nexttutorialdate:30______January

SECTION4Questions31-40

Questions31and32

Choothecorrectletter,A,BorC.

31Theownersoftheundergroundhou

Ahadnoexperienceoflivinginaruralarea.

Bwereinterestedinenvironmentalissues.

Cwantedaprofessionalprojectmanager.

32Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthesiteofthehou

AThelandwasquitecheap.

BStonewasbeingextractednearby.

CItwasinacompletelyunspoiltarea.

Questions33-40

Completethenotesbelow.

WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.

TheUndergroundHou

Design

Builtintheearth,withtwofloors

Thesouth-facingsidewasconstructedoftwolayersof33______

Photovoltaictileswereattached

Alayeroffoamwasudtoimprovethe34______ofthebuilding

Specialfeatures

Toincreathelight,thebuildinghasmanyinternalmirrorsand35______

Infuture,thehoumayproducemore36______thanitneeds

Recycledwoodwasudforthe37______ofthehou

Thesystemforprocessingdomestic38______isorganic

Environmentalissues

Theuoflargequantitiesof39______inconstructionwanvironmentally

harmful

Butthehouwillhavepaidits‘environmentaldebt’within40______

READING

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebadon

ReadingPassage1below.

Attitudestolanguage

rlinguistic

gebelongsto

everyone,

whenopinionsdiffer,ntscanstartaasilyover

minorpointsofusageasovermajorpoliciesoflinguisticeducation.

Language,moreover,isaverypublicbehaviour,soitiasyfordifferentusagesto

ofsocietyorsocialbehaviourixempt:linguistic

factorsinfluencehowwejudgepersonality,intelligence,socialstatus,educational

standards,jobaptitude,

result,itiasytohurt,andtobehurt,whenlanguageuisunfeelinglyattacked.

Initsmostgeneraln,prescriptivismistheviewthatonevarietyoflanguagehas

aninherentlyhighervaluethanothers,andthatthisoughttobeimpodonthe

wispropoundedespeciallyinrelationto

grammarandvocabulary,

varietywhichisfavoured,inthisaccount,isusuallyaversionofthe‘standard’

writtenlanguage,especiallyancounteredinliterature,orintheformalspoken

ntstothisvarietyaresaidto

speakorwrite‘correctly’;deviationsfromitaresaidtobe‘incorrect’.

Allthemainlanguageshavebeenstudiedprescriptively,especiallyinthe18th

softhe

earlygrammarianswerethreefold:(a)theywantedtocodifytheprinciplesoftheir

languages,toshowthattherewasasystembeneaththeapparentchaosofusage,

(b)theywantedameansofttlingdisputesoverusage,and(c)theywantedto

pointoutwhattheyfelttobecommonerrors,inorderto‘improve’thelanguage.

Theauthoritariannatureoftheapproachisbestcharacterizedbyitsrelianceon

‘rules’agesare‘prescribed’,tobelearntandfollowed

accurately;othersare‘proscribed’,earlyperiod,therewereno

half-measures:usagewaitherrightorwrong,anditwasthetaskofthe

grammariannotsimplytorecordalternatives,buttopronouncejudgementupon

them.

Theattitudesarestillwithus,andtheymotivateawidespreadconcernthat

heless,thereisanalternativepoint

ofviewthatisconcernedlesswithstandardsthanwiththefactsoflinguisticusage.

Thisapproachissummarizedinthestatementthatitisthetaskofthegrammarian

todescribe,notprescribe-torecordthefactsoflinguisticdiversity,andnotto

attempttheimpossibletasksofevaluatinglanguagevariationorhaltinglanguage

econdhalfofthe18thcentury,wealreadyfindadvocatesofthis

view,suchasJophPriestley,whoRudimentsofEnglishGrammar(1761)insists

that‘thecustomofspeakingistheoriginalandonlyjuststandardofanylanguage’.

Linguisticissue,itisargued,sview

hasbecomethetenetofthemodernlinguisticapproachtogrammaticalanalysis.

Inourowntime,theoppositionbetween‘descriptivists’and‘prescriptivists’hasoften

becomeextreme,ptive

grammarianshavebeenprentedaspeoplewhodonotcareaboutstandards,

iptive

gra

oppositionhavenbeenprentedinquasi-politicalterms—ofradicalliberalismvs

elitistconrvatism.

Questions1-8

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeclaimsofthewriterinReadingPassage1

Inboxes1-8onyouranswersheet,write

YESifthestatementagreeswiththeclaimsofthewriter

NOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

1Thereareunderstandablereasonswhyargumentsoccuraboutlanguage.

2Peoplefeelmorestronglyaboutlanguageeducationthanaboutsmalldifferences

inlanguageusage.

3Ourasssmentofaperson’sintelligenceisaffectedbythewayheorsheus

language.

4Prescriptivegrammarbookscostalotofmoneytobuyinthe18thcentury.

5Prescriptivismstillexiststoday.

6Accordingtodescriptivistsitispointlesstotrytostoplanguagechange.

7Descriptivismonlyappearedafterthe18thcentury.

8Bothdescriptivistsandprescriptivistshavebeenmisreprented.

Questions9-12

Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-I,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes9-12onyouranswersheet.

Thelanguagedebate

Accordingto9______,stswho

takethisapproachtolanguageplacegreatimportanceongrammatical10______.

Converly,theviewof11______,suchasJophPriestly,isthatgrammarshould

bebadon12______.

AdescriptivistsBlanguageexpertsCpopularspeech

DformallanguageEevaluationFrules

GmodernlinguistsHprescriptivistsIchange

Question13

Choothecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writethecorrectletterinbox13onyouranswersheet.

Whatisthewriter’spurpoinReadingPassage1

einfavourofaparticularapproachtowritingdictionariesandgrammar

books

entahistoricalaccountofdifferingviewsoflanguage

ribethedifferencesbetweenspokenandwrittenlanguage

howacertainviewoflanguagehasbeendiscredited

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebadon

ReadingPassage2below.

TidalPower

Underaturbineswhichproduceelectricityfromthetidesarettobecomean

illtooearlytopredictthe

extentoftheimpacttheymayhave,butallthesignsarethattheywillplaya

significantroleinthefuture

ingonthesameprincipleaswindturbines,thepowerinaturbines

comesfromtidalcurrentswhichturnbladessimilartoships’propellers,but,

unlikewind,

technologyraisthePROSPECTofBritainbecominglf-sufficientinrenewable

,windand

wavepowerarealldeveloped,Britainwouldbeabletoclogas,coaland

nuclearpowerplantsandexportrenewablepowertootherpartsofEurope.

Unlikewindpower,whichBritainoriginallydevelopedandthenabandonedfor

20yearsallowingtheDutchtomakeitamajorindustry,underaturbinescould

becomeabigexportearnertoislandnationssuchasJapanandNewZealand.

iteshavealreadybeenidentifiedthatwillproduceonesixthormoreof

theUK’spower-andatpricescompetitivewithmoderngasturbinesand

ealone,the

PentlandFirth,betweenOrkneyandmainlandScotland,couldproduce10%of

thecountry’lectricitywithbanksofturbinesunderthea,andanotherat

AlderneyintheChannelIslandsthreetimesthe1,200megawattsofBritain’s

largestandnewestnuclearplant,SizewellB,itesidentified

includetheBristolChannelandthewestcoastofScotland,particularlythe

channelbetweenCampbeltownandNorthernIreland.

designsforthenewturbinebladesandsitesarewilladvanceatthe

UniversityofSouthampton’ststation

ixpectedtobeinstalledoffLynmouthinDevonshortlytotestthetechnology

inaventurejointlyfundedbythedepartmentofTradeandIndustryandthe

rBahaj,inchargeoftheSouthamptonrearch,said:

‘Theprospectsforenergyfromtidalcurrentsarefarbetterthanfromwind

hnologyfor

dealingwiththehostilesalineenvironmentundertheahasbeendevelopedin

theNorthSeaoilindustryandmuchisalreadyknownaboutturbinebladedesign,

reafewtechnicaldifficulties,

butIbelieveinthenextfivetotenyearswewillbeinstallingcommercialmarine

turbinefarms.’Southamptonhasbeenawarded￡215,000overthreeyearsto

developtheturbinesandisworkingwithMarineCurrentTurbines,asubsidiary

ofITpower,archhasnowidentified106

potentialsitesfortidalpower,80%tsites

arebetweenislandsoraroundheavilyindentedcoastswheretherearestrong

tidalcurrents.

eturbinebladeneedstobeonlyonethirdofthesizeofwindgenerator

deswillbeabout20metresin

diameter,windpower,there

dothercreaturesarethough

rbinewillbe

mountedonatowerwhichwillconnecttothenationalpowersupplygridvia

erswillstickoutofthewaterandbelit,towarn

shipping,andalsobedesignedtobeliftedoutofthewaterformaintenanceand

tocleanaweedfromtheblades.

jhasdonemostworkontheAlderneysite,wheretherearepowerful

gleunderaturbinefarmwouldproducefarmorepowerthan

neededfortheChannelIslandsandmostwouldbefedintotheFrenchGridand

bere-importedintoBritainviathecableundertheChannel.

hnicaldifficultyiscavitation,wherelowpressurebehindaturningblade

ancauvibrationanddamagethebladesofthe

jsaid:‘Wehavetotestanumberofbladetypestoavoidthis

happeningoratleastmakesureitdoesnotdamagetheturbinesorreduce

rslightconcernissubmergeddebrisfloatingintotheblades.

haveto

maketheturbinesrobustbecautheaisahostileenvironment,butallthe

signsthatwecandoitaregood.’

Questions14-17

ReadingPassage2hassixparagraphs,A-F.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation

Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes14-17onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuanylettermorethanonce.

14thelocationofthefirsttestsite

15awayofbringingthepowerproducedononesitebackintoBritain

16areferencetoapreviousattemptbyBritaintofindanalternativesourceof

energy

17mentionofthepossibilityofapplyingtechnologyfromanotherindustry

Questions18-22

ChooFIVEletters,A-J.

Writethecorrectlettersinboxes18-22onyouranswersheet.

WhichFIVEofthefollowingclaimsabouttidalpoweraremadebythewriter

AItisamorereliablesourceofenergythanwindpower.

BItwouldreplaceallotherformsofenergyinBritain.

CItsintroductionhascomeasaresultofpublicpressure.

DItwouldcutdownonairpollution.

EItcouldcontributetotheclosureofmanyexistingpowerstationsinBritain.

FItcouldbeameansofincreasingnationalincome.

GItcouldfacealotofresistancefromotherfuelindustries.

HItcouldbesoldmorecheaplythananyothertypeoffuel.

IItcouldcompensatefortheshortageofinlandsitesforenergyproduction.

JItisbestproducedinthevicinityofcoastlineswithparticularfeatures.

Questions23-26

Labelthediagrambelow.

ChooNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes23-26onyouranswersheet.

AnUnderaTurbine

Wholetowercanberaidfor23______andtheextractionofaweedfromthe

blades

Sealifenotindangerduetothefactthatbladesarecomparatively24______

Airbubblesresultfromthe25______knownas26______

READINGPASSAGE3

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebadon

ReadingPassage3below.

Informationtheory-thebigidea

Informationtheoryliesattheheartofeverything-fromDVDplayersandthegenetic

een

centraltothedevelopmentofthescienceofcommunication,whichenablesdatato

bentelectronicallyandhasthereforehadamajorimpactonourlives

l2002aneventtookplacewhichdemonstratedoneofthemany

ceprobe,VoyagerI,Launchedin

1997,hadntbackspectacularimagesofJupiterandSaturnandthensoared

25yearsof

exposuretothefreezingtemperaturesofdeepspace,theprobewasbeginning

sandcircuitswereonthebrinkoffailingandNASA

expersrealizedthattheyhadtodosomethingorlocontactwiththeirprobe

utionwastogetamessagetoVoyagerItoinstructittou

eprobe12billionkilometersfrom

Earth,sofaradiodishbelongingtoNASA’s

DeepSpaceNetwork,

travellingatthespeedoflight,ittookover11hourstoreachitstarget,far

,incredibly,thelittleprobemanagedtohearthe

faintcallfromitshomeplanet,andsuccessfullymadetheswitchover.

helongest-distancerepairjobinhistory,andatriumphfortheNASA

lsohighlightedtheastonishingpowerofthetechniqu4es

developedbyAmericancommunicationngineerClaudeShannon,whohad

1916inPetoskey,Michigan,Shannonshowedan

earlytalentformathsandforbuildinggadgets,andmadebreakthroughsinthe

tBell

Laboratories,Shannondevelopedinformationtheory,butshunnedtheresulting

1940s,hesingle-handedlycreatedanentirescienceof

communicationwhichhassinceinveigleditswayintoahostofapplications,

fromDVDstosatellitecommunicationstobarcodes-anyarea,inshort,where

datahastobeconveyedrapidlyyetaccurately.

lemslightyearsawayfromthedown-to-earthusShannonoriginally

hadforhiswork,whichbeganwhenhewasa22-year-oldgraduateengineering

outwithanapparentlysimpleaim:topindowntheprecimeaningofthe

conceptof‘information’.Themostbasicformofinformation,Shannonargued,is

whethersomethingistrueoffal—whichcanbecapturedinthebinaryunit,

or‘bit’,identifiedthisfundamentalunit,Shannont

aboutdefiningotherwivagueideasaboutinformationandhowtotransmitit

rocesshediscoveredsomethingsurprising:itis

alwayspossibletoguaranteeinformationwillgetthroughrandominterference

—‘noi’—intact.

suallymeansunwantedsoundswhichinterferewithgenuineinformation.

Informationtheorygeneralizesthisideaviatheoremsthatcapturetheeffectsof

icular,Shannonshowedthatnoits

alimitontherateatwhichinformationcanpassalongcommunicationchannels

tedependsontherelativestrengthsofthe

signalandnoitravellingdownthecommunicationchannel,andonitscapacity

(its‘bandwidth’).Theresultinglimit,giveninunitsofbitspercond,isthe

absolutemaximumrateoferror-freecommunicationgivensingalstrengthand

ck,Shannonshowed,istofindwaysofpackagingup—

‘coding’—informationtocopewiththeravagesofnoi,whilestayingwithin

theinformation-carryingcapacity—‘bandwidth’—ofthecommunicationsystem

beingud.

eyearsscientistshavedevidmanysuchcodingmethods,andthey

agerspacecraft

transmitteddatausingcodeswhichaddedoneextrabitforeverysinglebitof

information;theresultwasanerrorrateofjustonebitin10,000-andstunningly

odeshavebecomepartofeverydaylife-

suchastheUniversalProductCode,orbarcode,whichusasimpleerror-

detectingsystemthatensuressupermarketcheck-outlarscanreadtheprice

evenon,say,ntlyas1993,engineersmadea

majorbreakthroughbydiscoveringso-calledturbocodes-whichcomeveryclo

toShannon’sultimatelimitforthemaximumratethatdatacanbetransmitted

reliable,andnowplayakeyroleinthemobilevideophonerevolution.

nalsolaidthefoundationsofmoreefficientwaysofstoringinformation,

bystrippingoutsuperfluous(‘redundant’)bitsfromdatawhichcontributedlittle

lephonetextmessageslike‘ICNCU’show,itisoften

error

correcting,however,there’salimitbeyondwhichmessagesbecometoo

nshowedhowtocalculatethislimit,openingthewaytothe

designofcompressionmethodsthatcrammaximuminformationintothe

minimumspace.

Questions27-32

ReadingPassage3hassixparagraphs,A-F.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation

Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes27-32onyouranswersheet.

27anexplanationofthefactorsaffectingthetransmissionofinformation

28anexampleofhowunnecessaryinformationcanbeomitted

29areferencetoShannon’sattitudetofame

30detailsofamachinecapableofinterpretingincompleteinformation

31adetailedaccountofanincidentinvolvinginformationtheory

32areferencetowhatShannoninitiallyintendedtoachieveinhisrearch

Questions33-37

Completethenotesbelow.

ChooNOMORETHANTWOWORDSformthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes33-37onyouranswersheet.

TheVoyager1SpaceProbe

Theprobetransmittedpicturesofboth33______and______,thenleftthe34

______.

Thefreezingtemperatureswerefoundtohaveanegativeeffectonpartsofthe

spaceprobe.

Scientistsfearedthatboththe35______and______wereabouttostop

working.

Theonlyhopewastotelltheprobetoreplacethemwith36______—but

distancemadecommunicationwiththeprobedifficult.

A37______wasudtotransmitthemessageatthespeedoflight.

Themessagewaspickedupbytheprobeandtheswitchovertookplace.

Questions38-40

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassGE3

Inboxes38-40onyouranswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

38Theconceptofdescribingsomethingastrueorfalwasthestartingpointfor

Shannoninhisattemptstondmessageoverdistances.

39Theamountofinformationthatcanbentinagiventimeperiodis

determinedwithreferencetothesignalstrengthandnoilevel.

40Productshavenowbeendevelopedwhichcanconveymoreinformationthan

Shannonhadanticipatedaspossible.

WRITING

WRITINGTASK1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.

Thechartsbelowgiveinformationontheagesofthepopulationsof

YemenandItalyin2000andprojectionsfor2050.

Summaritheinformationbylectingandreportingthemainfeatures,

andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Writeatleast150words.

WRITINGTASK2

Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.

Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:

Somepeoplesaythatthebestwaytoimprovepublichealthisby

,however,saythatthis

wouldhavelittleeffectonpublichealthandthatothermeasuresare

requires.

Discussboththeviewsandgiveyourownopinion.

Givereasonsforyouanswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourown

knowledgeorexperience.

Writeatleast250words.

SPEAKING

PART1

Theexaminerasksthecandidateabouthim/herlf,his/herhome,workorstudies

andotherfamiliartopics.

EXAMPLE

Telephoning

Howoftendoyoumaketelephonecalls[Why/Whynot]

Whodoyouspendmosttimetalkingtoonthetelephone[Why]

Whendoyouthinkyou’llnextmakeatelephonecall[Why]

Doyousometimesprefertondatextmessageinsteadoftelephoning

[Why/Whynot]

PART2

Describeajourney[,plane,

boat]thatyourememberwell.

Youshouldsay:

whereyouwent

howyoutravelled

whyyouwentonthejourney

andexplainwhyyourememberthis

journeywell.

Youwillhavetotalkaboutthetopic

foronetotwominutes.

Youhaveoneminutetothinkabout

whatyouaregoingtosay.

Youcanmakesomenotestohelpyou

ifyouwish.

PART3

Discussiontopics:

Reasonsfordailytravel

Examplequestions:

Whydopeopleneedtotraveleveryday

Whatproblemscanpeoplehavewhentheyareontheirdailyjourney,forexampleto

workorschoolWhyisthis

Somepeoplesaythatdailyjourneyslikethewillnotbesocommoninthefuture.

DoyouagreeordisagreeWhy

Benefitsofinternationaltravel

Examplequestions:

WhatdoyouthinkpeoplecanlearnfromtravellingtoothercountriesWhy

CantravelmakeapositivedifferencetotheeconomyofacountryHow

Doyouthinkasocietycanbenefitifitsmembershaveexperienceoftravellingto

othercountriesInwhatways