第2节三类错误分解
类型一词法错误
错误1——冠词错误
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)前加the/my
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Butinthatca,
前加the
3.(2018·太原五中阶段性练习)Simplyfollowingthefashiontrendsorwearing
→a
4.(2018·吉林省实验中学一模)ThisisathirdyearthatIhavebeeninthis
school.a→the
5.(2018·齐齐哈尔市实验中学模拟)Itisindeedawonderfulnewsandeveryonehere
iagerforyourcoming.去掉a
6.(2018·遵义四中模拟)Havingknownmysituationbythechance,youmadea
decisiontosponsormeformystudy.去掉the
冠词错误主要有四种情况:①不定冠词a与an错用:元音音素前用an,辅音音素前用
a。②不定冠词与定冠词错用:泛指用不定冠词,特指用定冠词。③冠词的缺失:可数名词
单数前缺少不定冠词或定冠词。④冠词的多余:不可数名词或表泛指的可数名词复数前有多
余的定冠词。
特别提示:注意固定搭配中的冠词。
错误2——名词、数词错误
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludes
learningfromtextbooks,e→mistakes
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itook
en→eighteenth
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgain
dges→knowledge
4.(2016·浙江高考)WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregular
en→child
5.(2018·黄山市八校联考)Challengesoflifeareofgreatimportanceinour
→growth
6.(2018·吉林市普通中学调研测试)Justthen,amaninhiarlytwentycameup
→twenties
7.(2018·甘肃省诊断考试)Ontheshowtheyenjoyedvariousfineworkwithgreat
→works
8.(2018·福州市质检)Butwithmyteammatencouragement,Iwasableto
tes→teammates'
1.名词错误主要有三种情况:①名词数的错用:该用单数时错用复数或相反;误把不
可数名词用作复数。②词性的错用:该用所有格时错用普通格。③该用名词时错用动词或形
容词。
2.数词错误有两种情况:①该用序数词时错用基数词;②该用复数时错用单数或相反。
错误3——代词错误
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Ihaddonemylfhomework,→my
2.(2018·长春外国语学校模拟)Then,theygaveourchancestopracticeusing
→us
3.(2018·济南一中学业检测)Tomyrelief,therewassomethingriouslywrong
ing→nothing
4.(2018·石家庄市模拟)TheyareLiuDongandWangHong,allofwhomaretop
→both
5.(2018·黄山市普通高中八校联考)ItwasthefirsttimeIhadlivedfarawayfrom
myhome,后加it
代词错误主要有四种情况:①人称代词的主格和宾格、人称代词与物主代词、人称代词
与反身代词的错用。②人称代词和物主代词的缺失。③不定代词错用。④it的缺失或多余。
错误4——介词错误
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddle
→of
2.(2016·浙江高考)Whiletheychatted,myfatherwouldliftmysisterandme
→on
3.(2018·河北省五个一联盟二模)AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouth
AfricaonlastFriday,causing4deaths.去掉on
4.(2018·葫芦岛市调研考试)Filialduty(孝道)meansrespectingandcaring
后加for
5.(2018·河南省八市测评)TCMdoctorsdon'ttreatforeveryoneinthesameway.
去掉for
6.(2018·昆明市一中模拟)Ineedacellphonetokeeptouchwithmyfriendsand
后加in
介词错误主要有三种情况:①介词的错用:应注意介词的基本用法以及介词与动词、名
词、形容词构成的搭配。②介词的多余:及物动词后不能再加介词。③介词的缺失:不及物
动词后跟宾语时需加介词。
特别提示:需特别注意固定搭配中的介词。
错误5——形容词、副词错误
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupof
→large
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate,ate→Immediately
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthe
→later
4.(2016·四川高考)ThedishesIcookedwereMom's
test→favorite
5.(2016·浙江高考)Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere!
excited→exciting
6.(2018·银川一中模拟)→healthy
7.(2018·昆明黄冈实验学校模拟)Nowadays,someteenagersspendtoomanytimeon
→much
8.(2018·河南省毕业班适应性练习)Ireallyfeltproudlyofmylfandthought
y→proud
形容词、副词错误主要有四种情况:①形容词之间或副词之间的错用:由于词形或词义
的接近而引起的错误;v.-ing形容词与v.-ed形容词的错用。②比较级的错用:除了原级、
比较级、最高级互相之间的错用,还要注意比较级的重复。③形容词与副词错用:作定语、
表语时应用形容词,作状语时一般用副词伴随状语用形容词。④形容词与名词的错用:
该用形容词时错用名词。
类型二句法错误
错误1——时态、语态错误
1.(2018·石家庄市模拟)LastMonday,weholdamonitorelectionduringourclass
→held
2.(2018·丹东市模拟)Soshewaveddownthedriverandexplainwhathad
n→explained
3.(2018·银川一中模拟)Icanstillrememberthedaysthatwespendtogetherwhen
→spent
4.(2018·天水市一模)Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes.
去掉been
5.(2018·马鞍山市质量监测)Lastterm,anewspaperreadingcourwasstartby
→started
时态、语态错误主要有三种情况:①混淆时态、语态的构成形式;②未能依据时间状语
判定适当的时态;③未能依据前后的逻辑关系判定适当的语态。
错误2——非谓语动词错误
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyonewassilent,waittoewhowouldbecalledupon
→waiting
2.(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Travelledabroad,youshouldfollowthecustoms
led→Travelling
3.(2018·福州市质检)Whatimpresdmemostwastheinterviewscarryingoutin
ng→carried
4.(2018·吉林市普通中学调研测试)Abouttenyearsago,myauntcollectedsome
g→help
5.(2018·包头九中模拟)Lastbutnotleast,wecancalloncitizensridebikes
前加to
6.(2018·贵州省遵义航天高级中学模拟)Withthetimegoby,WangHuaisnowa
→going
7.(2018·河南省周口市调研考试)Second,youcanmakemorefriendsfromdifferent
→rving
8.(2018·西安中学模拟)Ifso,pleacallingmewhenyougetthis
g→call
非谓语动词错误主要有三种情况:①非谓语动词错用:应根据非谓语动词的功能及所作
成分来判断用哪种非谓语动词。一般来说,不定式表示尚未发生,动词-ing形式表示主动
进行,过去分词表示被动完成。②介词后一般用动词-ing形式。③误将非谓语动词用作谓
语动词或相反。
错误3——助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气错误
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanchobetweenstayingathomeandtakinga
→choo
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.
去掉can或can→should
3.(2018·贵阳市一中模拟)It'shightimethatwepayattentiontodevelopinga
→paid或pay前加should
4.(2018·东北三省三校联考)Notonlyteacherspassonknowledgetochildren,
后加do
5.(2018·太原五中阶段性练习)Whybeacond-rateversionofanybodyelwhen
youcanthefirst-rateversionofyourlf?can后加be
6.(2018·重庆一中模拟)Oneday,afriendofminecontactedmeandsuggestedwe
d→start
助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气错误主要有三种情况:①情态动词的错用:应熟记情态动
词的基本含义及用法,例如其后跟动词原形,不能单独作谓语等。②虚拟语气中动词的形式
受时态的影响而导致错用,应熟记不同句式中虚拟语气的不同用法。③助动词缺失:助动词
可以帮助构成部分倒装句。
错误4——并列连词错误
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneed
→and
2.(2018·哈尔滨市第六中学模拟)Ithasnotonlyenrichedourschoollife,and
→but
3.(2018·泰安市模拟)Givethegiftofoursmile,orwewillmakeadifference
inothers'→and
4.(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Althoughwewereexhausted,butwefeltfulfilled
onourwaybackhome.去掉but
5.(2018·河南省六市联考)Ateleveno'clock,wefelttiredbutweputoutthe
→so
6.(2018·广西区联考)Shewasabouttocrosstheroadwhileatruckranoutof
→when
7.(2018·双鸭山市第一中学模拟)Besides,it'scommonthattheyoungor
→while
8.(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Youcantakeaprentifyoulike,possiblya
bottleofwine,→or
并列连词错误主要有三种情况:①混淆并列、选择、转折等逻辑关系。②受汉语影响而
引起的连词的多余,英语中although/though不能与but连用,becau不能与so连用。
③注意常考句式bedoing/beabouttodo...when...中when的应用;“祈使句+and/or
+陈述句”中and/or的应用。
错误5——复合句错误
1.(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Itisnotpolitetostaytoolatebeforetheother
→after
2.(2018·哈尔滨市第六中学校模拟)Ididn'trealizetheimportanceofworkingin
→until/till
3.(2018·泰安市模拟)Ithinkweshouldkeepinmindthatasmileisavaluable
gift,thatcanmakethewholeworldwarm.第二个that→which
4.(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Onanautumnafternoon,wewerenttoafarmwhich
→where或which前加on
5.(2018·西安市第一中学模拟)What'smore,I'vegainedsomeworkingandsocial
experienceandIhavelearntsomethingcan'ing
后加that
6.(2018·呼和浩特市调研考试)Thatattractedthepublicmostwasthesingingand
→What
7.(2018·泰安市模拟)Ihadnoideathatwhyhelookedsosad,butforthatmoment
hesmiled.去掉第一个that
8.(2018·厦门外国语学校模拟)It'snoteasyforustoacceptthefactwhichwe
→that
复合句错误主要有三种情况:①状语从句的引导词错误或重复。②定语从句关系词的错
用或缺失。③名词性从句中连接词的错用或重复。
特别关注:what与that,that与which,where与that的辨析。
错误6——主谓一致错误
1.(2018·湖南师大附中模拟)Firstly,wewenttoDalianForestZoo,wherelarge
→were
2.(2018·牡丹江市模拟)Formanyyoungpeople,grabbinge-hongbaoontheirmobile
→is
3.(2018·郑州市诊断测试)Ontheotherhand,Iexpecttomakemorefriendswho
→have
4.(2018·德州市模拟)OntheNewYear'sEve,eachfamilyhaveitsmembersgather
→has
5.(2018·昆明市第一中学模拟)Notonlycellphonesbutalsothewebarenecessary
→is
6.(2018·甘肃省诊断考试)Ted,aBritishboy,alongwithhisparentswereinvited
→was
主谓不一致错误主要有三种情况:①语法的错用:应注意复数名词后的动词未必用复数,
应找准句子的主语。②意义的错用:例如family表达不同的意思单复数不同。③忽视就近、
就远原则。
类型三行文逻辑错误
错误1——时态不一致
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Someclassmatessuggestweshouldgotoplacesofinterest
t→think
2.(2018·包头市一模)ThenIwenttohaveachatwithmynewfriend,John,whom
→happened
3.(2018·泰安市质检)Andanotherthingthatgivemeadeepimpressionwasthe
peoplethere—→gave
4.(2018·长春外国语学校模拟)Theotherdayourschoolorganizedatriptoafire
station,→had
5.(2018·成都外国语学校模拟)MynieceMaryisahighschoolstudent,whooften
d→devotes
时态不一致错误主要有三种情况:①前后句中的时态不一致。②并列句中的时态不一致。
③主从句的时态不一致。
错误2——指代不一致
1.(2018·包头九中模拟)lievethatifwe
plantmoretrees,→our
2.(2018·双鸭山市第一中学模拟)Firstofall,asstudents,weshouldmanageour
→us
3.(2018·淮南市模拟)Secondly,don'tbeafraidtocommunicatewithAmerican
→them
4.(2018·沈阳市模拟)Ifallofuslendahelpinghandtothepeopleinneed,
→we
5.(2018·南平市质检)ButIshouldsayIlovethelibraryaswellbecauIenjoy
→its
6.(2018·吉林市普通中学调研测试)didn't
recognizeher,→him
指代不一致错误主要有三种情况:①人称不一致。②单复数不一致。③性别不一致。
错误3——逻辑不一致
1.(2018·包头九中模拟)Everyoneshouldtakeactiontoreducehaze(雾霾),which
ss→harmful
2.(2018·陕西省西安中学模拟)Ifeelterriblysorryformissingthechancefor
aget-together,andIhopethatyou'→without
3.(2018·南昌二中模拟)Thedaybeforeyesterday,wehadalessonanditwasreally
forgettableasitwasthelastlessongivenbyourkindEnglishteacher,
table→unforgettable
4.(2018·贵阳市一中模拟)Secondly,itisobviousthatpeoplenowadayscareless
→more
5.(2018·厦门外国语学校模拟)Everyonetendstohavemanyproblemswhilegaining
ore,yourwillingnesstodealwiththeproblemswilleventually
ore→However
6.(2018·哈尔滨市第六中学校模拟)ThenIturnedtomyteacherandhegavemesome
r,Ibegantorealizethepower
r→Therefore
逻辑不一致错误主要有两种情况:①肯定误用否定或相反。②转折误用因果或相反。
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