蓄冰:乙二醇水溶液浓度的选择与管道阻力计算
2013-09-0911:35专业分类:暖通空调浏览数:2378
冰蓄冷系统所用的载冷剂多为乙二醇水溶液。乙二醇(C2H4(OH)2)是无色、
无味的液体,挥发性低,腐蚀性弱,容易与水和许多有机化合物合使用。乙二醇
分子量62.07,凝固点-12.7℃,溶解潜热(-12.7℃)187KJ/Kg。不同浓度
的乙二醇水溶液的密度、比热、导热系数、粘度和凝固点见表4-4至4-8。
表4-4乙二醇水溶液的密度
(Kg/m3)
温度℃
乙二醇体积百分比浓度
10%20%30%40%50%60%
-351089.941104.60
-301089.041103.54
-251088.011102.36
-201071.981086.871101.06
-151070.871085.611099.64
-101054.311069.631084.221098.09
-51036.851053.111069.631084.221098.09
01018.731035.671051.781066.801081.081094.64
51017.571034.361050.331065.211079.331092.73
101016.281032.941048.761063.491077.461090.70
151014.871031.391047.071061.651075.461088.54
201013.341029.721045.251059.681073.351086.27
251011.691027.731043.321057.601071.111083.87
301009.921026.021041.261055.391068.751081.35
351008.021023.991039.081053.071066.271078.71
401006.011021.831036.781050.621063.661075.95
451003.871019.551034.361048.051050.941073.07
501001.611017.161031.811045.351058.091070.06
55999.231014.641029.151042.541055.131066.94
60996.721011.991026.36139.611052.041063.69
65994.101009.2231023.451036.551048.831060.32
70991.351006.351020.421033.371045.491055.83
75988.491003.341017.241030.071042.041053.22
80985.501000.211014.001026.561038.461049.48
表4-5乙二醇水溶液比热
(KJ/Kg.K)
温度℃
乙二醇体积百分比浓度
10%20%30%40%50%60%
-353.0682.844
-303.0882.866
-253.1072.888
-203.3343.1262.909
-153.3513.1452.931
-103.5603.3673.1652.953
-53.7573.5743.3843.1842.975
03.9373.7693.5893.4013.2032.997
53.9463.7803.6033.4183.2233.018
103.9543.7923.6173.4353.2423.040
153.9633.8033.6313.4513.2613.062
203.9723.8153.6453.4683.2813.084
253.9813.8263.6603.4853.3003.106
303.9893.8383.6743.5023.3193.127
353.9983.8493.6883.5183.3393.149
404.0073.8613.7023.5353.3583.171
454.0153.8723.7163.5523.3773.193
504.0243.8843.7303.5693.3963.215
554.0333.8953.7453.5853.4163.236
604.0423.9073.7593.6023.4353.258
654.0503.9183.733.6193.4543.280
704.0593.9303.7873.6363.4743.302
754.0683.9413.8013.6533.4933.324
804.0773.9533.8163.6693.5123.345
具体到某个系统乙二醇水溶液浓度的确定,应根据前面在蓄冷系统选择中确
定的最低运行温度,并考虑一定的安全运行系数而定。如前例中若定为8小时蓄
冰时间则必须保证-6.5℃的供温度,从表4-8可查得乙二醇水溶液应保证不低于
20%的浓度,再考虑冷机安全运行的需要一般蓄冷系统乙二醇溶液的凝固点应低
于最低运行温度3至4℃,可选定为25%的体积浓度。
表4-6乙二醇水溶液导热系数
(W/·K)
温度℃
乙二醇体积百分比浓度
10%20%30%40%50%60%
-350.3280.307
-300.3330.312
-250.3390.316
-200.3710.3440.321
-150.3770.3490.325
-100.4150.3830.3540.329
-50.4600.4220.3890.3590.333
00.5110.4680.4290.3950.3640.336
50.200.760.4360.4000.3680.340
100.5280.4830.4420.4050.3730.343
150.5370.4900.4480.4100.3770.346
200.5450.4970.4530.4150.3800.349
250.5520.5030.4590.4190.3840.352
300.5590.5090.4640.4240.3870.355
350.5660.5150.4690.4280.3910.358
400.5720.5200.4730.4310.3940.360
450.5770.5250.4770.4350.3970.363
500.5830.5290.4810.4380.3990.365
550.5880.5340.4850.4410.4020.367
600.5920.5380.4880.4440.4040.369
650.5960.5410.4910.4660.4060.371
700.6000.5440.4940.4490.4080.372
750.6030.5470.4960.4510.4100.374
800.6060.5490.4980.4520.4110.375
表4-7乙二醇水溶液
粘度(mPa·S)
温度℃
乙二醇体积百分比浓度
10%20%30%40%50%60%
-3566.9393.44
-3043.9865.25
-2530.546.75
-2015.75022.0734.28
-1511.7416.5325.69
-106.199.0612.7419.62
-53.655.037.1810.0515.25
02.083.024.155.838.0912.05
51.792.543.484.826.639.66
101.562.182.954.045.507.85
151.371.892.533.444.636.46
201.211.652.202.963.945.38
251.081.461.922.573.394.52
300.971.301.692.262.943.84
350.881.171.501.992.563.29
400.801.061.341.772.262.84
450.730.960.211.592.002.47
500.670.881.091.431.782.16
550.620.810.991.291.591.91
600.570.740.901.171.431.69
650.530.690.831.061.291.51
700.500.640.760.971.171.35
750.470.590.700.891.071.22
800.440.550.650.820.981.10
表4-8
此外,虽然乙二醇对普通金属的腐蚀性比水低,然而,乙二醇的含水溶液则会
呈现出微弱的腐蚀性,随着使用过程,乙二醇被氧化呈弱酸物性,因此,乙二醇
水溶液中应加入添加剂,添加剂包括防腐剂和稳定剂,或予先作防腐处理。可在
金属表面形成阻蚀层;而稳定剂可为碱性缓冲剂硼砂,使溶液维持碱性(PH>7)。
溶液中添加剂的添加量为800~1200ppm。
对于乙二醇系统的阻力计算,在双工况冷机的选择中,冷机运行阻力生产厂
家可以提供,在选板式换热器时,两侧的阻力厂家也可以给出,只有机房及系统
中管道的阻力需要设计人员具体计算。
由于乙二醇水溶液的密度稍大于水,粘度大于水,而比热小于水,所以在计
算载冷剂流量和管道系统阻力时应予以注意。图4-3给出不同质量浓度乙二醇水
溶液在管道中流动时,其阻力与水阻力相比的修正系数。
例题:试问在相同载冷量和相同温度差条件下,采用质量浓度25%的乙二
醇水溶液作载冷剂,当溶液平均温度为+5℃和-5℃时,所需流量是以水为载
冷剂的多少倍?
解:载冷量=G1·C1·r1·Δt=G2·C2·r2·Δt
式中:C1-水的比热,取为4.1868KJ/Kg℃
C2-25%乙二醇水溶液的比量,5℃时为
3.739KJ/Kg,-5℃时为3.715KJ/Kg;
ρ1-水的密度,取为1000Kg/m3;
ρ2-25%乙二醇水溶液的密度,5℃时为
1038.02Kg/m3,-5℃时为1040.57Kg/m3。
这样,5℃时:
-5℃时,
所以,采用25%浓度乙二醇水溶液为载冷剂时,所
需流量应比水流量大8%。
例题:试问采用质量浓度25%乙二醇水溶液为载冷剂,溶液平均温度为+
5℃和-5℃时,与水相比,管道流动阻力应乘以的修正系数为多少?
解:查图4-3可以得出:
5℃时,修正系数为1.22;
-5℃时,修正系数为1.36。
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