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介词加which

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2022年11月15日发(作者:弑魂刷图加点)

三)介词+which/whom的用法

1.语法作用:“介词+关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用,即在定语从

句中充当状语:

(1)表示地点,时间和原因的“介词+which”分别相当于where,when,why。

Ihavefoundthebookinwhichthenamesofalltheearlysatellitesare

mentioned.(SEFC2AL.55)(=Ihavefoundthebook.Thenamesofallthe

earlysatellitesarementionedinit.)

Theearthonwhich/whereweliveisaplanet.

I'llneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIjoinedtheLeague.

Iknowawoodinwhich/whereyoucanfindros.

Isthereanyreasonforwhich/whyyoushouldhaveaholiday?

(2)way后常用that代替inwhich,也可省略that。

Ireallydon'tlikethewaythathetalks.

Thatwasthewayinwhichtheoldladylookedafterus.

DoitthewayIshowedyou.

2.“of+which”起形容词的作用,相当于who(用来指物),其词序通常是

“n.+ofwhich”。

Theyliveinahouwhodoor/thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.

He'swrittenabookwhoname/thenameofwhichI'vecom-pletely

forgotten.

3.可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

Thereisarocketbywhichthedirectionofthesatellitecanbe

changed.(SEFC2AL.55)

Wecarefullystudiedthephotos,inwhichwecouldesignsofplant

dia.(SEFC2AL.55)

4.介词的选择(选择介词时须考虑下列情况)

1)介词与先行词的习惯搭配

Thereisnowayinwhichitcouldbebroughtbacktotheearth.(SEFC2A

L.55)(in与way是习惯搭配)

2)介词与定语从句中的动词,形容词的习惯搭配

Thearethewireswithwhichdifferentmachinesareconnected.(be

connectedwith是习惯搭配)

Theauthorwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourcompa-ny.(be

familiarwith是习惯搭配)

3)同形的先行词,或定语从句中的动词,形容词表示不同的含义时,要根据其

含义选用不同的介词。

Ican'tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.

Thatistheageinwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappiness.

age在前句中意为“年岁”,与at搭配;在后句中意为“时期”,与in搭配。

4)复杂介词须保持其完整形式,常见的复杂介词有onthetopof,inthemiddle

of,infrontof,inspiteof,atthebackof,becauof等。

Wetookaphotoofrocket,thelengthofwhichwasabout30me-tres.(SEFC

2AL.55)

Soundisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.

Theymarchedthroughthesquare,inthemiddleofwhichstoodamonument.

5)短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有

listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,lookinto,

breakinto,getridof,takepartin,makeuof,takeholdof,catch

holdof,catchupwith,getalongwith,lookforwardto等。此时可用which,

who,whom或that,也可将他们省略。

(误)Thisisthegirlofwhomhewilltakecare.

(正)Thisisthegirlwhomhewilltakecareof.

6)当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密(但不是短语动词)时,介词

也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密

时,则需将介词置于关系代词前。比较:

Thespacestationwhichwedrovetowasinthedert.(SEFC2AL.55)

I'llneverforgetthedayinwhichIjoinedtheParty.

后句中若置于句尾则有“孤零零”之感,这时宜将介词置于关系代词前;而前句

中的to则可后置。

5.关系代词的选择

用于介词后的关系代词只有which,whom,前者指物,后者指人。

Therearemanyrearchstationsontheearthinwhichouterspaceis

studied.(SEFC2AL.55)(which指代rearchstations)

Wequestionedthepilot,fromwhomwelearntthatnootherplaneshadbeen

en.(SEFC2AL.55)(whom指代thepilot)

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