三)介词+which/whom的用法
1.语法作用:“介词+关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用,即在定语从
句中充当状语:
(1)表示地点,时间和原因的“介词+which”分别相当于where,when,why。
Ihavefoundthebookinwhichthenamesofalltheearlysatellitesare
mentioned.(SEFC2AL.55)(=Ihavefoundthebook.Thenamesofallthe
earlysatellitesarementionedinit.)
Theearthonwhich/whereweliveisaplanet.
I'llneverforgetthedayonwhich/whenIjoinedtheLeague.
Iknowawoodinwhich/whereyoucanfindros.
Isthereanyreasonforwhich/whyyoushouldhaveaholiday?
(2)way后常用that代替inwhich,也可省略that。
Ireallydon'tlikethewaythathetalks.
Thatwasthewayinwhichtheoldladylookedafterus.
DoitthewayIshowedyou.
2.“of+which”起形容词的作用,相当于who(用来指物),其词序通常是
“n.+ofwhich”。
Theyliveinahouwhodoor/thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.
He'swrittenabookwhoname/thenameofwhichI'vecom-pletely
forgotten.
3.可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
Thereisarocketbywhichthedirectionofthesatellitecanbe
changed.(SEFC2AL.55)
Wecarefullystudiedthephotos,inwhichwecouldesignsofplant
dia.(SEFC2AL.55)
4.介词的选择(选择介词时须考虑下列情况)
1)介词与先行词的习惯搭配
Thereisnowayinwhichitcouldbebroughtbacktotheearth.(SEFC2A
L.55)(in与way是习惯搭配)
2)介词与定语从句中的动词,形容词的习惯搭配
Thearethewireswithwhichdifferentmachinesareconnected.(be
connectedwith是习惯搭配)
Theauthorwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourcompa-ny.(be
familiarwith是习惯搭配)
3)同形的先行词,或定语从句中的动词,形容词表示不同的含义时,要根据其
含义选用不同的介词。
Ican'tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.
Thatistheageinwhichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappiness.
age在前句中意为“年岁”,与at搭配;在后句中意为“时期”,与in搭配。
4)复杂介词须保持其完整形式,常见的复杂介词有onthetopof,inthemiddle
of,infrontof,inspiteof,atthebackof,becauof等。
Wetookaphotoofrocket,thelengthofwhichwasabout30me-tres.(SEFC
2AL.55)
Soundisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.
Theymarchedthroughthesquare,inthemiddleofwhichstoodamonument.
5)短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有
listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,lookinto,
breakinto,getridof,takepartin,makeuof,takeholdof,catch
holdof,catchupwith,getalongwith,lookforwardto等。此时可用which,
who,whom或that,也可将他们省略。
(误)Thisisthegirlofwhomhewilltakecare.
(正)Thisisthegirlwhomhewilltakecareof.
6)当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密(但不是短语动词)时,介词
也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密
时,则需将介词置于关系代词前。比较:
Thespacestationwhichwedrovetowasinthedert.(SEFC2AL.55)
I'llneverforgetthedayinwhichIjoinedtheParty.
后句中若置于句尾则有“孤零零”之感,这时宜将介词置于关系代词前;而前句
中的to则可后置。
5.关系代词的选择
用于介词后的关系代词只有which,whom,前者指物,后者指人。
Therearemanyrearchstationsontheearthinwhichouterspaceis
studied.(SEFC2AL.55)(which指代rearchstations)
Wequestionedthepilot,fromwhomwelearntthatnootherplaneshadbeen
en.(SEFC2AL.55)(whom指代thepilot)
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