是故百战百胜

实用标准文档

文案大全

个人转载

孙子兵法（中英对照）

孙子兵法TheArtofWar

孙武BySunTzu

TranslatedbyLionelGiles

始计第一

LayingPlans

孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。

SunTzusaid：atteroflifeanddeath，aroadeither

tisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.

故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。

Theartofwar，then，isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors，tobetakenintoaccountinone'sdeliberations，

whenekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.

Theare：（1）TheMoralLaw；（2）Heaven；（3）Earth；（4）TheCommander；（5）

Methodanddiscipline.

道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；

TheMoralLawcausthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler，sothattheywillfollowhim

regardlessoftheirlives，undismayedbyanydanger.

天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；

Heavensignifiesnightandday，coldandheat，timesandasons.

地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；

Earthcomprisdistances，greatandsmall；dangerandcurity；opengroundandnarrowpass；the

chancesoflifeanddeath.

将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；

TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom，sincerely，benevolence，courageandstrictness.

法者，曲制、官道、主用也。

Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions，the

graduationsofrankamongtheofficers，themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy，andthe

controlofmilitaryexpenditure.

凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。

Thefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral：hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious；hewhoknows

themnotwillfail.

故校之以计，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？

Therefore，inyourdeliberations，whenekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions，letthembemadethe

basisofacomparison，inthiswi：——

将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。

（1）WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw？（2）Whichofthetwogeneralshasmost

ability？（3）WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth？（4）Onwhichsideisdiscipline

mostrigorouslyenforced？（5）Whicharmyisstronger？（6）Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighly

trained？（7）Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment？

BymeansofthevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.

将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。

Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounlandactsuponit，willconquer：letsuchaoneberetainedin

command！Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounlnoractsuponit，willsufferdefeat：——letsuchaonebe

dismisd！

计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。

Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounl，availyourlfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondthe

ordinaryrules.

势者，因利而制权也。

Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable，oneshouldmodifyone'splans.

兵者，诡道也。

Allwarfareisbadondeception.

实用标准文档

文案大全

故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。

Hence，whenabletoattack，wemustemunable；whenusingourforces，wemusteminactive；when

wearenear，wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway；whenfaraway，wemustmakehimbelievewe

arenear.

利而诱之，乱而取之，

isorder，andcrushhim.

实而备之，强而避之，

Ifheiscureatallpoints，insuperiorstrength，evadehim.

怒而挠之，卑而骄之，

Ifyouropponentisofcholerictemper，dtobeweak，thathemaygrowarrogant.

佚而劳之，亲而离之，

Ifheistakinghia，orcesareunited，paratethem.

攻其无备，出其不意。

Attackhimwhereheisunprepared，appearwhereyouarenotexpected.

此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

Themilitarydevices，leadingtovictory，mustnotbedivulgedbeforehand.

夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！吾以此

观之，胜负见矣。

Nowthegeneralwhowi

manycalculationsleadtovictory，and

fewcalculationstodefeat：howmuchmorenocalculationatall！ItisbyattentiontothispointthatIcanforee

whoislikelytowinorlo.

作战第二

War

孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶

漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

SunTzusaid：Intheoperationsofwar，wherethereareinthefieldathousandswiftchariots，asmany

heavychariots，andahundredthousandmail-cladsoldiers，withprovisionnoughtocarrythemathousandli，

theexpenditureathomeandatthefront，includingentertainmentofguests，smallitemssuchasglueandpaint，

andsumsspentonchariotsandarmor，thecost

ofraisinganarmyof100，000men.

其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，

Whenyouengageinactualfighting，ifvictoryislongincoming，thenmen'sweaponswillgrowdulland

aysiegetoatown，youwillexhaustyourstrength.

久暴师则国用不足。

Again，ifthecampaignisprotracted，theresourcesoftheStatewillnotbeequaltothestrain.

夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。

Now，whenyourweaponsaredulled，yourardordamped，yourstrengthexhaustedandyourtreasure

spent，man，howeverwi，willbe

abletoaverttheconquencesthatmustensue.

故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。

Thus，thoughwehaveheardofstupidhasteinwar，clevernesshasneverbeenenassociatedwithlong

delays.

夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。

Thereisnoinstanceofacountryhavingbenefitedfromprolongedwarfare.

故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。

Itisonlyonewhoisthoroughlyacquaintedwiththeevilsofwarthatcanthoroughlyunderstandtheprofitable

wayofcarryingiton.

善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，

Theskillfulsoldierdoesnotraiacondlevy，neitherarehissupply-wagonsloadedmorethantwice.

取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。

Bringwarmaterialwithyoufromhome，earmywillhavefoodenoughfor

实用标准文档

文案大全

itsneeds.

国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；

PovertyoftheStatebuting

tomaintainanarmyatadistancecausthepeopletobeimpoverished.

近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，

Ontheotherhand，theproximityofanarmycauspricestogoup；andhighpricescauthepeople's

substancetobedrainedaway.

财竭则急于丘役。

Whentheirsubstanceisdrainedaway，thepeasantrywillbeafflictedbyheavyexactions.

力屈中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，

十去其六。

Withthislossofsubstanceandexhaustionofstrength，thehomesofthepeoplewillbestrippedbare，and

three-tenthsoftheirincomewillbedissipated；whilegovernmentexpensforbrokenchariots，worn-outhors，

breast-platesandhelmets，bowsandarrows，spearsandshields，protectivemantles，draught-oxenandheavy

wagons，willamounttofour-tenthsofitstotalrevenue.

故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；□①杆一石，当吾二十石。

tloadoftheenemy'sprovisionsis

equivalenttotwentyofone'sown，andlikewiasinglepiculofhisprovenderiquivalenttotwentyfromone's

ownstore.

【注：】①：“忌”加“艹”头。

故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。

Nowinordertokilltheenemy，ourmenmustberoudtoanger；thattheremaybeadvantagefrom

defeatingtheenemy，theymusthavetheirrewards.

车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

Thereforeinchariotfighting，whentenormorechariotshavebeentaken，thoshouldberewardedwho

flagsshouldbesubstitutedforthooftheenemy，andthechariotsmingledandudin

called，usingtheconquered

foetoaugmentone'sownstrength.

故兵贵胜，不贵久。

Inwar，then，letyourgreatobjectbevictory，notlengthycampaigns.

故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。

Thusitmaybeknownthattheleaderofarmiesisthearbiterofthepeople'sfate，themanonwhomitdepends

whetherthenationshallbeinpeaceorinperil.

谋攻第三

byStratagem

孙子曰：夫用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；全军为上，破军次之；全旅为上，破旅次之；全卒

为上，破卒次之；全伍为上，破伍次之。

SunTzusaid：Inthepracticalartofwar，thebestthingofallistotaketheenemy'scountrywholeandintact；

，too，itisbettertorecaptureanarmyentirethantodestroyit，to

capturearegiment，adetachmentoracompanyentirethantodestroythem.

是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

Hencetofightandconquerinallyourbattlesisnotsupremeexcellence；supremeexcellenceconsistsin

breakingtheenemy'sresistancewithoutfighting.

故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。

Thusthehighestformofgeneralshipistobalktheenemy'splans；thenextbestistopreventthejunctionof

theenemy'sforces；thenextinorderistoattacktheenemy'sarmyinthefield；andtheworstpolicyofallisto

besiegewalledcities.

攻城之法，为不得已。修橹轒辒，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。

Theruleis，parationofmantlets，movable

shelters，andvariousimplementsofwar，willtakeupthreewholemonths；andthepilingupofmoundsover

againstthewallswilltakethreemonthsmore.

将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。

实用标准文档

文案大全

Thegeneral，unabletocontrolhisirritation，willlaunchhismentotheassaultlikeswarmingants，withthe

resultthatone-thirdofhismenareslain，ethedisastrouffectsofa

siege.

故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，

Thereforetheskillfulleadersubduestheenemy'stroopswithoutanyfighting；hecapturestheircitieswithout

layingsiegetothem；heoverthrowstheirkingdomwithoutlengthyoperationsinthefield.

必以全争于天下，故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也。

WithhisforcesintacthewilldisputethemasteryoftheEmpire，andthus，withoutlosingaman，his

themethodofattackingbystratagem.

故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则分之，

Itistheruleinwar，ifourforcesaretentotheenemy'sone，tosurroundhim；iffivetoone，toattackhim；

iftwiceasnumerous，todivideourarmyintotwo.

敌则能战之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。

Ifequallymatched，wecanofferbattle；ifslightlyinferiorinnumbers，wecanavoidtheenemy；ifquite

unequalineveryway，wecanfleefromhim.

故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。

Hence，thoughanobstinatefightmaybemadebyasmallforce，intheenditmustbecapturedbythelarger

force.

夫将者，国之辅也。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。

NowthegeneralisthebulwarkoftheState；ifthebulwarkiscompleteatallpoints；theStatewillbestrong；

ifthebulwarkisdefective，theStatewillbeweak.

故君之所以患于军者三：

Therearethreewaysinwhicharulercanbringmisfortuneuponhisarmy：——

（1）不知军之不可以进而谓之进，不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是谓縻军；

（1）Bycommandingthearmytoadvanceortoretreat，

calledhobblingthearmy.

（2）不知三军之事而同三军之政，则军士惑矣；

（2）Byattemptingtogovernanarmyinthesamewayasheadministersakingdom，beingignorantofthe

usrestlessnessinthesoldier'sminds.

（3）不知三军之权而同三军之任，则军士疑矣。

（3）Byemployingtheofficersofhisarmywithoutdiscrimination，throughignoranceofthemilitary

akestheconfidenceofthesoldiers.

三军既惑且疑，则诸侯之难至矣。是谓乱军引胜。

Butwhenthearmyisrestlessanddistrustful，

simplybringinganarchyintothearmy，andflingingvictoryaway.

故知胜有五：知可以战与不可以战者胜，识众寡之用者胜，上下同欲者胜，以虞待不虞者胜，将能而

君不御者胜。此五者，知胜之道也。

Thuswemayknowthattherearefiveesntialsforvictory：（1）Hewillwinwhoknowswhentofightand

whennottofight.（2）Hewillwinwhoknowshowtohandlebothsuperiorandinferiorforces.（3）Hewillwin

whoarmyisanimatedbythesamespiritthroughoutallitsranks.（4）Hewillwinwho，preparedhimlf，

waitstotaketheenemyunprepared.（5）Hewillwinwhohasmilitarycapacityandisnotinterferedwithbythe

sovereign.

故曰：知己知彼，百战不贻；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必败。

Hencethesaying：Ifyouknowtheenemyandknowyourlf，youneednotfeartheresultofahundred

nowyourlfbutnottheenemy，now

neithertheenemynoryourlf，youwillsuccumbineverybattle.

军形第四

alDispositions

孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。

SunTzusaid：Thegoodfightersofoldfirstputthemlvesbeyondthepossibilityofdefeat，andthenwaited

foranopportunityofdefeatingtheenemy.

不可胜在己，可胜在敌。

实用标准文档

文案大全

Tocureourlvesagainstdefeatliesinourownhands，buttheopportunityofdefeatingtheenemyis

providedbytheenemyhimlf.

故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之必可胜。

Thusthegoodfighterisabletocurehimlfagainstdefeat，butcannotmakecertainofdefeatingthe

enemy.

故曰：胜可知，而不可为。

Hencethesaying：Onemayknowhowtoconquerwithoutbeingabletodoit.

不可胜者，守也；可胜者，攻也。

Securityagainstdefeatimpliesdefensivetactics；abilitytodefeattheenemymeanstakingtheoffensive.

守则不足，攻则有余。

Standingonthedefensiveindicatesinsufficientstrength；attacking，asuperabundanceofstrength.

善守者藏于九地之下，善攻者动于九天之上，故能自保而全胜也。

Thegeneralwhoisskilledindefenhidesinthemostcretrecessoftheearth；hewhoisskilledinattack

theonehandwehaveabilitytoprotectourlves；onthe

other，avictorythatiscomplete.

见胜不过众人之所知，非善之善者也；

Toevictoryonlywhenitiswithinthekenofthecommonherdisnottheacmeofexcellence.

战胜而天下曰善，非善之善者也。

NeitherisittheacmeofexcellenceifyoufightandconquerandthewholeEmpiresays，"Welldone！"

故举秋毫不为多力，见日月不为明目，闻雷霆不为聪耳。

Toliftanautumnhairisnosignofgreatstrength；toethesunandmoonisnosignofsharpsight；tohear

thenoiofthunderisnosignofaquickear.

古之所谓善战者，胜于易胜者也。

Whattheancientscalledacleverfighterisonewhonotonlywins，butexcelsinwinningwithea.

故善战者之胜也，无智名，无勇功，

Hencehisvictoriesbringhimneitherreputationforwisdomnorcreditforcourage.

故其战胜不忒。不忒者，其所措胜，胜已败者也。

nomistakesiswhatestablishesthecertaintyofvictory，

foritmeansconqueringanenemythatisalreadydefeated.

故善战者，立于不败之地，而不失敌之败也。

Hencetheskillfulfighterputshimlfintoapositionwhichmakesdefeatimpossible，anddoesnotmissthe

momentfordefeatingtheenemy.

是故胜兵先胜而后求战，败兵先战而后求胜。

Thusitisthatinwarthevictoriousstrategistonlyeksbattleafterthevictoryhasbeenwon，whereashewho

isdestinedtodefeatfirstfightsandafterwardslooksforvictory.

善用兵者，修道而保法，故能为胜败之政。

Theconsummateleadercultivatesthemorallaw，andstrictlyadherestomethodanddiscipline；thusitisin

hispowertocontrolsuccess.

兵法：一曰度，二曰量，三曰数，四曰称，五曰胜。

Inrespectofmilitarymethod，wehave，firstly，Measurement；condly，Estimationofquantity；

thirdly，Calculation；fourthly，Balancingofchances；fifthly，Victory.

地生度，度生量，量生数，数生称，称生胜。

MeasurementowesitxistencetoEarth；EstimationofquantitytoMeasurement；CalculationtoEstimation

ofquantity；BalancingofchancestoCalculation；andVictorytoBalancingofchances.

故胜兵若以镒称铢，败兵若以铢称镒。

Avictoriousarmyoppodtoaroutedone，isasapound'sweightplacedinthescaleagainstasinglegrain.

称胜者之战民也，若决积水于千仞之溪者，形也。

Theonrushofaconqueringforceisliketheburstingofpent-upwatersintoachasmathousandfathomsdeep.

兵势第五

孙子曰：凡治众如治寡，分数是也；

SunTzusaid：Thecontrolofalargeforceisthesameprincipleasthecontrolofafewmen：itismerelya

questionofdividinguptheirnumbers.

实用标准文档

文案大全

斗众如斗寡，形名是也；

Fightingwithalargearmyunderyourcommandisnowidifferentfromfightingwithasmallone：itis

merelyaquestionofinstitutingsignsandsignals.

三军之众，可使必受敌而无败者，奇正是也；

Toensurethatyourwholehostmaywithstandthebruntoftheenemy'sattackandremainunshaken——this

iffectedbymaneuversdirectandindirect.

兵之所加，如以碬投卵者，虚实是也。

Thattheimpactofyourarmymaybelikeagrindstonedashedagainstanegg——thisiffectedbythe

scienceofweakpointsandstrong.

凡战者，以正合，以奇胜。

Inallfighting，thedirectmethodmaybeudforjoiningbattle，butindirectmethodswillbeneededinorder

tocurevictory.

故善出奇者，无穷如天地，不竭如江海。终而复始，日月是也。死而更生，四时是也。

Indirecttactics，efficientlyapplied，areinexhaustibleasHeavenandEarth，unendingastheflowofrivers

andstreams；likethesunandmoon，theyendbuttobeginanew；likethefourasons，theypassawaytoreturn

oncemore.

声不过五，五声之变，不可胜听也；

Therearenotmorethanfivemusicalnotes，yetthecombinationsofthefivegiveritomoremelodiesthan

caneverbeheard.

色不过五，五色之变，不可胜观也；

Therearenotmorethanfiveprimarycolors（blue，yellow，red，white，andblack），yetincombination

theyproducemorehuesthancaneverbeenen.

味不过五，五味之变，不可胜尝也；

Therearenotmorethanfivecardinaltastes（sour，acrid，salt，sweet，bitter），yetcombinationsof

themyieldmoreflavorsthancaneverbetasted.

战势不过奇正，奇正之变，不可胜穷也。

Inbattle，therearenotmorethantwomethodsofattack——thedirectandtheindirect；yetthetwoin

combinationgiveritoanendlessriesofmaneuvers.

奇正相生，如循环之无端，孰能穷之哉！

kemovinginacircle——younevercometoan

exhaustthepossibilitiesoftheircombination？

激水之疾，至于漂石者，势也；

Theontoftroopsisliketherushofatorrentwhichwillevenrollstonesalonginitscour.

鸷鸟之疾，至于毁折者，节也。

Thequalityofdecisionislikethewell-timedswoopofafalconwhichenablesittostrikeanddestroyits

victim.

故善战者，其势险，其节短。

Thereforethegoodfighterwillbeterribleinhisont，andpromptinhisdecision.

势如扩弩，节如发机。

Energymaybelikenedtothebendingofacrossbow；decision，tothereleasingofatrigger.

纷纷纭纭，斗乱而不可乱；浑浑沌沌，形圆而不可败。

Amidtheturmoilandtumultofbattle，theremaybeemingdisorderandyetnorealdisorderatall；amid

confusionandchaos，yourarraymaybewithoutheadortail，yetitwillbeproofagainstdefeat.

乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。

Simulateddisorderpostulatesperfectdiscipline，simulatedfearpostulatescourage；simulatedweakness

postulatesstrength.

治乱，数也；勇怯，势也；强弱，形也。

Hidingorderbeneaththecloakofdisorderissimplyaquestionofsubdivision；concealingcourageundera

showoftimiditypresupposafundoflatentenergy；maskingstrengthwithweaknessistobeeffectedbytactical

dispositions.

故善动敌者，形之，敌必从之；予之，敌必取之。

Thusonewhoisskillfulatkeepingtheenemyonthemovemaintainsdeceitfulappearances，accordingto

ificessomething，thattheenemymaysnatchatit.

以利动之，以卒待之。

实用标准文档

文案大全

Byholdingoutbaits，hekeepshimonthemarch；thenwithabodyofpickedmenheliesinwaitforhim.

故善战者，求之于势，不责于人故能择人而任势。

Theclevercombatantlookstotheeffectofcombinedenergy，anddoesnotrequiretoomuchfromindividuals.

Hencehisabilitytopickouttherightmenandutilizecombinedenergy.

任势者，其战人也，如转木石。木石之性，安则静，危则动，方则止，圆则行。

Whenheutilizescombinedenergy，

isthenatureofalogorstonetoremainmotionlessonlevelground，andtomovewhenonaslope；if

four-cornered，tocometoastandstill，butifround-shaped，togorollingdown.

故善战人之势，如转圆石于千仞之山者，势也。

Thustheenergydevelopedbygoodfightingmenisasthemomentumofaroundstonerolleddowna

onthesubjectofenergy.

虚实第六

intsandStrong

孙子曰：凡先处战地而待敌者佚，后处战地而趋战者劳。

SunTzusaid：Whoeverisfirstinthefieldandawaitsthecomingoftheenemy，willbefreshforthefight；

whoeveriscondinthefieldandhastohastentobattlewillarriveexhausted.

故善战者，致人而不致于人。

Thereforetheclevercombatantimposhiswillontheenemy，butdoesnotallowtheenemy'swilltobe

impodonhim.

能使敌人自至者，利之也；能使敌人不得至者，害之也。

Byholdingoutadvantagestohim，hecancautheenemytoapproachofhisownaccord；or，byinflicting

damage，hecanmakeitimpossiblefortheenemytodrawnear.

故敌佚能劳之，饱能饥之，安能动之。

Iftheenemyistakinghia，hecanharasshim；ifwellsuppliedwithfood，hecanstarvehimout；if

quietlyencamped，hecanforcehimtomove.

出其所必趋，趋其所不意。

Appearatpointswhichtheenemymusthastentodefend；marchswiftlytoplaceswhereyouarenot

expected.

行千里而不劳者，行于无人之地也；

Anarmymaymarchgreatdistanceswithoutdistress，ifitmarchesthroughcountrywheretheenemyisnot.

攻而必取者，攻其所不守也。守而必固者，守其所必攻也。

Youcanbesureoensure

thesafetyofyourdefenifyouonlyholdpositionsthatcannotbeattacked.

故善攻者，敌不知其所守；善守者，敌不知其所攻。

Hencethatgeneralisskillfulinattackwhoopponentdoesnotknowwhattodefend；andheisskillfulin

defenwhoopponentdoesnotknowwhattoattack.

微乎微乎，至于无形；神乎神乎，至于无声，故能为敌之司命。

Odivineartofsubtletyandcrecy！Throughyouwelearntobeinvisible，throughyouinaudible；and

hencewecanholdtheenemy'sfateinourhands.

进而不可御者，冲其虚也；退而不可追者，速而不可及也。

Youmayadvanceandbeabsolutelyirresistible，ifyoumakefortheenemy'sweakpoints；youmayretire

andbesafefrompursuitifyourmovementsaremorerapidthanthooftheenemy.

故我欲战，敌虽高垒深沟，不得不与我战者，攻其所必救也；

Ifwewishtofight，theenemycanbeforcedtoanengagementeventhoughhebeshelteredbehindahigh

eeddoisattacksomeotherplacethathewillbeobligedtorelieve.

我不欲战，虽画地而守之，敌不得与我战者，乖其所之也。

Ifwedonotwishtofight，wecanpreventtheenemyfromengaginguventhoughthelinesofour

eeddoistothrowsomethingoddandunaccountablein

hisway.

故形人而我无形，则我专而敌分。

Bydiscoveringtheenemy'sdispositionsandremaininginvisibleourlves，wecankeepourforces

concentrated，whiletheenemy'smustbedivided.

我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也。

实用标准文档

文案大全

Wecanformasingleunitedbody，herewillbeawhole

pittedagainstparatepartsofawhole，whichmeansthatweshallbemanytotheenemy'sfew.

则我众敌寡，能以众击寡者，则吾之所与战者约矣。

Andifweareablethustoattackaninferiorforcewithasuperiorone，ouropponentswillbeindirestraits.

吾所与战之地不可知，不可知则敌所备者多，敌所备者多，则吾所与战者寡矣。

Thespotwhereweintendtofightmustnotbemadeknown；forthentheenemywillhavetoprepareagainsta

possibleattackatveraldifferentpoints；andhisforcesbeingthusdistributedinmanydirections，thenumbers

weshallhavetofaceatanygivenpointwillbeproportionatelyfew.

故备前则后寡，备后则前寡，备左则右寡，备右则左寡，无所不备，则无所不寡。

Forshouldtheenemystrengthenhisvan，hewillweakenhisrear；shouldhestrengthenhisrear，hewill

weakenhisvan；shouldhestrengthenhisleft，hewillweakenhisright；shouldhestrengthenhisright，hewill

ndsreinforcementverywhere，hewilleverywherebeweak.

寡者，备人者也；众者，使人备己者也。

Numericalweaknesscomesfromhavingtoprepareagainstpossibleattacks；numericalstrength，from

compellingouradversarytomakethepreparationsagainstus.

故知战之地，知战之日，则可千里而会战；

Knowingtheplaceandthetimeofthecomingbattle，wemayconcentratefromthegreatestdistancesinorder

tofight.

不知战之地，不知战日，则左不能救右，右不能救左，前不能救后，后不能救前，而况远者数十里，

近者数里乎！

Butifneithertimenorplacebeknown，thentheleftwingwillbeimpotenttosuccortheright，theright

equallyimpotenttosuccortheleft，thevanunabletorelievetherear，h

moresoifthefurthestportionsofthearmyareanythingunderahundredLIapart，andeventhenearestare

paratedbyveralLI！

以吾度之，越人之兵虽多，亦奚益于胜哉！故曰：胜可为也。

ThoughaccordingtomyestimatethesoldiersofYuehexceedourowninnumber，thatshalladvantagethem

enthatvictorycanbeachieved.

敌虽众，可使无斗。故策之而知得失之计，

Thoughtheenemybestrongerinnumbers，soastodiscoverhis

plansandthelikelihoodoftheirsuccess.

候之而知动静之理，形之而知死生之地，

Rouhim，imtorevealhimlf，soastofindout

hisvulnerablespots.

角之而知有余不足之处。

Carefullycomparetheopposingarmywithyourown，sothatyoumayknowwherestrengthissuperabundant

andwhereitisdeficient.

故形兵之极，至于无形。无形则深间不能窥，智者不能谋。

Inmakingtacticaldispositions，thehighestpitchyoucanattainistoconcealthem；concealyour

dispositions，andyouwillbesafefromthepryingofthesubtlestspies，fromthemachinationsofthewist

brains.

因形而措胜于众，众不能知。

Howvictorymaybeproducedforthemoutoftheenemy'sowntactics——thatiswhatthemultitudecannot

comprehend.

人皆知我所以胜之形，而莫知吾所以制胜之形。

AllmencanethetacticswherebyIconquer，butwhatnonecaneisthestrategyoutofwhichvictoryis

evolved.

故其战胜不复，而应形于无穷。

Donotrepeatthetacticswhichhavegainedyouonevictory，butletyourmethodsberegulatedbytheinfinite

varietyofcircumstances.

夫兵形象水，水之行避高而趋下，

Militarytacticsarelikeuntowater；forwaterinitsnaturalcourrunsawayfromhighplacesandhastens

downwards.

兵之形避实而击虚；

Soinwar，thewayistoavoidwhatisstrongandtostrikeatwhatisweak.

实用标准文档

文案大全

水因地而制流，兵因敌而制胜。

Watershapesitscouraccordingtothenatureofthegroundoverwhichitflows；thesoldierworksouthis

victoryinrelationtothefoewhomheisfacing.

故兵无常势，水无常形。

Therefore，justaswaterretainsnoconstantshape，soinwarfaretherearenoconstantconditions.

能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。

Hewhocanmodifyhistacticsinrelationtohisopponentandtherebysucceedinwinning，maybecalleda

heaven-borncaptain.

故五行无常胜，四时无常位，日有短长，月有死生。

Thefiveelements（water，fire，wood，metal，earth）arenotalwayquallypredominant；thefour

reshortdaysandlong；themoonhasitsperiodsofwaningand

waxing.

军争第七

ering

孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受命于君，

SunTzusaid：Inwar，thegeneralreceiveshiscommandsfromthesovereign.

合军聚众，交和而舍，

Havingcollectedanarmyandconcentratedhisforces，hemustblendandharmonizethedifferentelements

thereofbeforepitchinghiscamp.

莫难于军争。军争之难者，以迂为直，以患为利。

Afterthat，comestacticalmaneuvering，ficultyoftactical

maneuveringconsistsinturningthedeviousintothedirect，andmisfortuneintogain.

故迂其途，而诱之以利，后人发，先人至，此知迂直之计者也。

Thus，totakealongandcircuitousroute，afterenticingtheenemyoutoftheway，andthoughstartingafter

him，tocontrivetoreachthegoalbeforehim，showsknowledgeoftheartificeofdeviation.

军争为利，军争为危。

Maneuveringwithanarmyisadvantageous；withanundisciplinedmultitude，mostdangerous.

举军而争利则不及，委军而争利则辎重捐。

Ifyoutafullyequippedarmyinmarchinordertosnatchanadvantage，thechancesarethatyouwillbetoo

therhand，todetachaflyingcolumnforthepurpoinvolvesthesacrificeofitsbaggageandstores.

是故卷甲而趋，日夜不处，倍道兼行，百里而争利，则擒三将军，

Thus，ifyouorderyourmentorolluptheirbuff-coats，andmakeforcedmarcheswithouthaltingdayor

night，coveringdoubletheusualdistanceatastretch，doingahundredLIinordertowrestanadvantage，the

leadersofallyourthreedivisionswillfallintothehandsoftheenemy.

劲者先，疲者后，其法十一而至；

Thestrongermenwillbeinfront，thejadedoneswillfallbehind，andonthisplanonlyone-tenthofyour

armywillreachitsdestination.

五十里而争利，则蹶上将军，其法半至；

IfyoumarchfiftyLIinordertooutmaneuvertheenemy，youwilllotheleaderofyourfirstdivision，and

onlyhalfyourforcewillreachthegoal.

三十里而争利，则三分之二至。

IfyoumarchthirtyLIwiththesameobject，two-thirdsofyourarmywillarrive.

是故军无辎重则亡，无粮食则亡，无委积则亡。

Wemaytakeitthenthatanarmywithoutitsbaggage-trainislost；withoutprovisionsitislost；withoutbas

ofsupplyitislost.

故不知诸侯之谋者，不能豫交；

Wecannotenterintoalliancesuntilweareacquaintedwiththedesignsofourneighbors.

不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者，不能行军；

Wearenotfittoleadanarmyonthemarchunlesswearefamiliarwiththefaceofthecountry——its

mountainsandforests，itspitfallsandprecipices，itsmarshesandswamps.

不用乡导者，不能得地利。

Weshallbeunabletoturnnaturaladvantagetoaccountunlesswemakeuoflocalguides.

故兵以诈立，以利动，

实用标准文档

文案大全

Inwar，practicedissimulation，andyouwillsucceed.

以分和为变者也。

Whethertoconcentrateortodivideyourtroops，mustbedecidedbycircumstances.

故其疾如风，其徐如林，

Letyourrapiditybethatofthewind，yourcompactnessthatoftheforest.

侵掠如火，不动如山，

Inraidingandplunderingbelikefire，isimmovabilitylikeamountain.

难知如阴，动如雷震。

Letyourplansbedarkandimpenetrableasnight，andwhenyoumove，falllikeathunderbolt.

掠乡分众，廓地分利，

Whenyouplunderacountryside，letthespoilbedividedamongstyourmen；whenyoucapturenew

territory，cutitupintoallotmentsforthebenefitofthesoldiery.

悬权而动。

Ponderanddeliberatebeforeyoumakeamove.

先知迂直之计者胜，此军争之法也。

theartofmaneuvering.

《军政》曰：“言不相闻，故为之金鼓；视不相见，故为之旌旗。”

TheBookofArmyManagementsays：Onthefieldofbattle，thespokenworddoesnotcarryfarenough：

ordinaryobjectsbeenclearlyenough：hencetheinstitutionof

bannersandflags.

夫金鼓旌旗者，所以一民之耳目也。

Gongsanddrums，bannersandflags，aremeanswherebytheearsandeyesofthehostmaybefocudon

oneparticularpoint.

民既专一，则勇者不得独进，怯者不得独退，此用众之法也。

Thehostthusformingasingleunitedbody，isitimpossibleeitherforthebravetoadvancealone，orforthe

theartofhandlinglargemassofmen.

故夜战多金鼓，昼战多旌旗，所以变人之耳目也。

Innight-fighting，then，makemuchuofsignal-firesanddrums，andinfightingbyday，offlagsand

banners，asameansofinfluencingtheearsandeyesofyourarmy.

三军可夺气，将军可夺心。

Awholearmymayberobbedofitsspirit；acommander-in-chiefmayberobbedofhisprenceofmind.

是故朝气锐，昼气惰，暮气归。

Nowasoldier'sspiritiskeenestinthemorning；bynoondayithasbeguntoflag；andintheevening，his

mindisbentonlyonreturningtocamp.

善用兵者，避其锐气，击其惰归，此治气者也。

Aclevergeneral，therefore，avoidsanarmywhenitsspiritiskeen，butattacksitwhenitissluggishand

theartofstudyingmoods.

以治待乱，以静待哗，此治心者也。

Disciplinedandcalm，toawaittheappearanceofdisorderandhubbubamongsttheenemy：——thisistheart

ofretaininglf-posssion.

以近待远，以佚待劳，以饱待饥，此治力者也。

Tobenearthegoalwhiletheenemyisstillfarfromit，towaitateawhiletheenemyistoilingand

struggling，tobewell-fedwhiletheenemyisfamished：——thisistheartofhusbandingone'sstrength.

无邀正正之旗，无击堂堂之陈，此治变者也。

Torefrainfrominterceptinganenemywhobannersareinperfectorder，torefrainfromattackinganarmy

drawnupincalmandconfidentarray：——thisistheartofstudyingcircumstances.

故用兵之法，高陵勿向，背丘勿逆，

Itisamilitaryaxiomnottoadvanceuphillagainsttheenemy，nortooppohimwhenhecomesdownhill.

佯北勿从，锐卒勿攻，

Donotpursueanenemywhosimulatesflight；donotattacksoldierswhotemperiskeen.

饵兵勿食，归师勿遏，

nterferewithanarmythatisreturninghome.

围师遗阙，穷寇勿迫，

实用标准文档

文案大全

Whenyousurroundanarmy，ressadesperatefoetoohard.

此用兵之法也。

Suchistheartofwarfare.

九变第八

ioninTactics

孙子曰：凡用兵之法，将受命于君，合军聚合。

SunTzusaid：Inwar，thegeneralreceiveshiscommandsfromthesovereign，collectshisarmyand

concentrateshisforces

泛地无舍，衢地合交，绝地无留，围地则谋，死地则战，

Whenindifficultcountry，trywherehighroadsinterct，joinhandswithyourallies.

ed-insituations，

desperateposition，youmustfight.

途有所不由，军有所不击，城有所不攻，地有所不争，君命有所不受。

Thereareroadswhichmustnotbefollowed，armieswhichmustbenotattacked，townswhichmustbe

besieged，positionswhichmustnotbecontested，commandsofthesovereignwhichmustnotbeobeyed.

故将通于九变之利者，知用兵矣；

Thegeneralwhothoroughlyunderstandstheadvantagesthataccompanyvariationoftacticsknowshowto

handlehistroops.

将不通九变之利，虽知地形，不能得地之利矣；

Thegeneralwhodoesnotunderstandthe，maybewellacquaintedwiththeconfigurationofthecountry，

yethewillnotbeabletoturnhisknowledgetopracticalaccount.

治兵不知九变之术，虽知五利，不能得人之用矣。

So，thestudentofwarwhoisunverdintheartofwarofvaryinghisplans，eventhoughhebeacquainted

withtheFiveAdvantages，willfailtomakethebestuofhismen.

是故智者之虑，必杂于利害，

Henceinthewileader'splans，considerationsofadvantageandofdisadvantagewillbeblendedtogether.

杂于利而务可信也，

Ifourexpectationofadvantagebetemperedinthisway，wemaysucceedinaccomplishingtheesntialpart

ofourschemes.

杂于害而患可解也。

If，ontheotherhand，inthemidstofdifficultieswearealwaysreadytoizeanadvantage，wemay

extricateourlvesfrommisfortune.

是故屈诸侯者以害，役诸侯者以业，趋诸侯者以利。

Reducethehostilechiefsbyinflictingdamageonthem；andmaketroubleforthem，andkeepthem

constantlyengaged；holdoutspeciousallurements，andmakethemrushtoanygivenpoint.

故用兵之法，无恃其不来，恃吾有以待之；无恃其不攻，恃吾有所不可攻也。

Theartofwarteachesustorelynotonthelikelihoodoftheenemy'snotcoming，butonourownreadinessto

receivehim；notonthechanceofhisnotattacking，butratheronthefactthatwehavemadeourposition

unassailable.

故将有五危，必死可杀，必生可虏，忿速可侮，廉洁可辱，爱民可烦。

Therearefivedangerousfaultswhichmayaffectageneral：（1）Recklessness，whichleadstodestruction；

（2）cowardice，whichleadstocapture；（3）ahastytemper，whichcanbeprovokedbyinsults；（4）

adelicacyofhonorwhichisnsitivetoshame；（5）over-solicitudeforhismen，whichexposhimtoworry

andtrouble.

凡此五者，将之过也，用兵之灾也。

Thearethefivebettingsinsofageneral，ruinoustotheconductofwar.

覆军杀将，必以五危，不可不察也。

Whenanarmyisoverthrownanditsleaderslain，thecauwillsurelybefoundamongthefivedangerous

mbeasubjectofmeditation.

行军第九

yontheMarch

孙子曰：凡处军相敌，绝山依谷，

实用标准文档

文案大全

SunTzusaid：Wecomenowtothequestionofencampingthearmy，andobrvingsignsoftheenemy.

Passquicklyovermountains，andkeepintheneighborhoodofvalleys.

视生处高，战隆无登，此处山之军也。

Campinhighplaces，formountainwarfare.

绝水必远水，

Aftercrossingariver，youshouldgetfarawayfromit.

客绝水而来，勿迎之于水内，令半渡而击之利，

Whenaninvadingforcecrossariverinitsonwardmarch，

bebesttolethalfthearmygetacross，andthendeliveryourattack.

欲战者，无附于水而迎客，

Ifyouareanxioustofight，youshouldnotgotomeettheinvadernearariverwhichhehastocross.

视生处高，无迎水流，此处水上之军也。

Mooryourcrafthigherupthantheenemy，

muchforriverwarfare.

绝斥泽，唯亟去无留，

Incrossingsalt-marshes，yoursoleconcernshouldbetogetoverthemquickly，withoutanydelay.

若交军于斥泽之中，必依水草而背众树，此处斥泽之军也。

Ifforcedtofightinasalt-marsh，youshouldhavewaterandgrassnearyou，andgetyourbacktoaclumpof

foroperationsinsalt-marches.

平陆处易，右背高，前死后生，此处平陆之军也。

Indry，levelcountry，takeupaneasilyaccessiblepositionwithrisinggroundtoyourrightandonyourrear，

sothatthedangermaybeinfront，forcampaigninginflatcountry.

凡此四军之利，黄帝之所以胜四帝也。

ThearethefourufulbranchesofmilitaryknowledgewhichenabledtheYellowEmperortovanquishfour

veralsovereigns.

凡军好高而恶下，贵阳而贱阴，

Allarmiespreferhighgroundtolowandsunnyplacestodark.

养生而处实，军无百疾，是谓必胜。

Ifyouarecarefulofyourmen，andcamponhardground，thearmywillbefreefromdiaofeverykind，

andthiswillspellvictory.

丘陵堤防，必处其阳而右背之，此兵之利，地之助也。

Whenyoucometoahillorabank，occupythesunnyside，uwill

atonceactforthebenefitofyoursoldiersandutilizethenaturaladvantagesoftheground.

上雨水流至，欲涉者，待其定也。

When，inconquenceofheavyrainsup-country，ariverwhichyouwishtofordisswollenandfleckedwith

foam，youmustwaituntilitsubsides.

凡地有绝涧、天井、天牢、天罗、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。

Countryinwhichthereareprecipitouscliffswithtorrentsrunningbetween，deepnaturalhollows，confined

places，tangledthickets，quagmiresandcrevass，shouldbeleftwithallpossiblespeedandnotapproached.

吾远之，敌近之；吾迎之，敌背之。

Whilewekeepawayfromsuchplaces，weshouldgettheenemytoapproachthem；whilewefacethem，

weshouldlettheenemyhavethemonhisrear.

军旁有险阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、蘙荟者，必谨覆索之，此伏奸之所处也。

Ifintheneighborhoodofyourcampthereshouldbeanyhillycountry，pondssurroundedbyaquaticgrass，

hollowbasinsfilledwithreeds，orwoodswiththickundergrowth，theymustbecarefullyroutedoutand

arched；fortheareplaceswheremeninambushorinsidiousspiesarelikelytobelurking.

敌近而静者，恃其险也；

Whentheenemyiscloathandandremainsquiet，heisrelyingonthenaturalstrengthofhisposition.

远而挑战者，欲人之进也；

Whenhekeepsaloofandtriestoprovokeabattle，heisanxiousfortheothersidetoadvance.

其所居易者，利也；

Ifhisplaceofencampmentiasyofaccess，heistenderingabait.

众树动者，来也；众草多障者，疑也；

实用标准文档

文案大全

earanceofanumberof

screensinthemidstofthickgrassmeansthattheenemywantstomakeussuspicious.

鸟起者，伏也；兽骇者，覆也；

edbeastsindicatethatasuddenattackis

coming.

尘高而锐者，车来也；卑而广者，徒来也；散而条达者，樵采也；少而往来者，营军也；

Whenthereisdustrisinginahighcolumn，itisthesignofchariotsadvancing；whenthedustislow，but

spreadoverawidearea，branchesoutindifferentdirections，it

oudsofdustmovingtoandfrosignifythatthearmy

incamping.

辞卑而备者，进也；辞强而进驱者，退也；

Humblewotlanguageand

drivingforwardasiftotheattackaresignsthathewillretreat.

轻车先出居其侧者，陈也；

Whenthelightchariotscomeoutfirstandtakeupapositiononthewings，itisasignthattheenemyis

formingforbattle.

无约而请和者，谋也；

Peaceproposalsunaccompaniedbyasworncovenantindicateaplot.

奔走而陈兵者，期也；

Whenthereismuchrunningaboutandthesoldiersfallintorank，itmeansthatthecriticalmomenthascome.

半进半退者，诱也；

Whensomeareenadvancingandsomeretreating，itisalure.

杖而立者，饥也；

Whenthesoldiersstandleaningontheirspears，theyarefaintfromwantoffood.

汲而先饮者，渴也；

Ifthowhoarenttodrawwaterbeginbydrinkingthemlves，thearmyissufferingfromthirst.

见利而不进者，劳也；

Iftheenemyesanadvantagetobegainedandmakesnoefforttocureit，thesoldiersareexhausted.

鸟集者，虚也；夜呼者，恐也；

Ifbirdsgatheronanyspot，bynightbetokensnervousness.

军扰者，将不重也；旌旗动者，乱也；吏怒者，倦也；

Ifthereisdisturbanceinthecamp，thegeneral'annersandflagsareshiftedabout，

fficersareangry，itmeansthatthemenareweary.

杀马肉食者，军无粮也；悬甀不返其舍者，穷寇也；

Whenanarmyfeedsitshorswithgrainandkillsitscattleforfood，andwhenthemendonothangtheir

cooking-potsoverthecamp-fires，showingthattheywillnotreturntotheirtents，youmayknowthattheyare

determinedtofighttothedeath.

谆谆□①□①，徐与人言者，失众也；

Thesightofmenwhisperingtogetherinsmallknotsorspeakinginsubduedtonespointstodisaffection

amongsttherankandfile.

【注：】①：［讠翕］。

数赏者，窘也；数罚者，困也；

Toofrequentrewardssignifythattheenemyisattheendofhisresources；toomanypunishmentsbetraya

conditionofdiredistress.

先暴而后畏其众者，不精之至也；

Tobeginbybluster，butafterwardstotakefrightattheenemy'snumbers，showsasupremelackof

intelligence.

来委谢者，欲休息也。

Whenenvoysarentwithcomplimentsintheirmouths，itisasignthattheenemywishesforatruce.

兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必谨察之。

Iftheenemy'stroopsmarchupangrilyandremainfacingoursforalongtimewithouteitherjoiningbattleor

takingthemlvesoffagain，thesituationisonethatdemandsgreatvigilanceandcircumspection.

兵非贵益多也，惟无武进，足以并力料敌取人而已。

实用标准文档

文案大全

Ifourtroopsarenomoreinnumberthantheenemy，thatisamplysufficient；itonlymeansthatnodirect

candoissimplytoconcentrateallouravailablestrength，keepaclowatchonthe

enemy，andobtainreinforcements.

夫惟无虑而易敌者，必擒于人。

Hewhoexercisnoforethoughtbutmakeslightofhisopponentsissuretobecapturedbythem.

卒未亲而罚之，则不服，不服则难用。卒已亲附而罚不行，则不可用。

Ifsoldiersarepunishedbeforetheyhavegrownattachedtoyou，theywillnotprovesubmissive；and，

unlesssubmissive，，whenthesoldiershavebecomeattachedtoyou，

punishmentsarenotenforced，theywillstillbeunless.

故合之以文，齐之以武，是谓必取。

Thereforesoldiersmustbetreatedinthefirstinstancewithhumanity，butkeptundercontrolbymeansofiron

acertainroadtovictory.

令素行以教其民，则民服；令素不行以教其民，则民不服。

Ifintrainingsoldierscommandsarehabituallyenforced，thearmywillbewell-disciplined；ifnot，its

disciplinewillbebad.

令素行者，与众相得也。

Ifageneralshowsconfidenceinhismenbutalwaysinsistsonhisordersbeingobeyed，thegainwillbe

mutual.

地形第十

n

孙子曰：地形有通者、有挂者、有支者、有隘者、有险者、有远者。

SunTzusaid：Wemaydistinguishsixkindsofterrain，towit：（1）Accessibleground；（2）entangling

ground；（3）temporizingground；（4）narrowpass；（5）precipitousheights；（6）positionsat

agreatdistancefromtheenemy.

我可以往，彼可以来，曰通。

Groundwhichcanbefreelytraverdbybothsidesiscalledaccessible.

通形者，先居高阳，利粮道，以战则利。

Withregardtogroundofthisnature，bebeforetheenemyinoccupyingtheraidandsunnyspots，and

uwillbeabletofightwithadvantage.

可以往，难以返，曰挂。

Groundwhichcanbeabandonedbutishardtore-occupyiscalledentangling.

挂形者，敌无备，出而胜之，敌若有备，出而不胜，难以返，不利。

Fromapositionofthissort，iftheenemyisunprepared，he

enemyispreparedforyourcoming，andyoufailtodefeathim，then，returnbeingimpossible，disasterwill

ensue.

我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支。

Whenthepositionissuchthatneithersidewillgainbymakingthefirstmove，itiscalledtemporizing

ground.

支形者，敌虽利我，我无出也，引而去之，令敌半出而击之利。

Inapositionofthissort，eventhoughtheenemyshouldofferusanattractivebait，itwillbeadvisablenotto

stirforth，butrathertoretreat，thunticingtheenemyinhisturn；then，whenpartofhisarmyhascomeout，

wemaydeliverourattackwithadvantage.

隘形者，我先居之，必盈之以待敌。

Withregardtonarrowpass，ifyoucanoccupythemfirst，letthembestronglygarrisonedandawaitthe

adventoftheenemy.

若敌先居之，盈而勿从，不盈而从之。

Shouldthearmyforestallyouinoccupyingapass，donotgoafterhimifthepassisfullygarrisoned，but

onlyifitisweaklygarrisoned.

险形者，我先居之，必居高阳以待敌；

Withregardtoprecipitousheights，ifyouarebeforehandwithyouradversary，youshouldoccupytheraid

andsunnyspots，andtherewaitforhimtocomeup.

若敌先居之，引而去之，勿从也。

Iftheenemyhasoccupiedthembeforeyou，donotfollowhim，butretreatandtrytoenticehimaway.

实用标准文档

文案大全

远形者，势均难以挑战，战而不利。

Ifyouaresituatedatagreatdistancefromtheenemy，andthestrengthofthetwoarmiesiqual，itisnot

easytoprovokeabattle，andfightingwillbetoyourdisadvantage.

凡此六者，地之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。

eralwhohasattainedaresponsiblepostmustbe

carefultostudythem.

凡兵有走者、有驰者、有陷者、有崩者、有乱者、有北者。凡此六者，非天地之灾，将之过也。

Nowanarmyixpodtosixveralcalamities，notarisingfromnaturalcaus，butfromfaultsforwhich

re：（1）Flight；（2）insubordination；（3）collap；（4）ruin；

（5）disorganization；（6）rout.

夫势均，以一击十，曰走；

Otherconditionsbeingequal，ifoneforceishurledagainstanothertentimesitssize，theresultwillbethe

flightoftheformer.

卒强吏弱，曰驰；吏强卒弱，曰陷；

Whenthecommonsoldiersaretoostrongandtheirofficerstooweak，e

officersaretoostrongandthecommonsoldierstooweak，theresultiscollap.

大吏怒而不服，遇敌怼而自战，将不知其能，曰崩；

Whenthehigherofficersareangryandinsubordinate，andonmeetingtheenemygivebattleontheirown

accountfromafeelingofrentment，beforethecommander-in-chiefcantellwhetherornoheisinapositionto

fight，theresultisruin.

将弱不严，教道不明，吏卒无常，陈兵纵横，曰乱；

Whenthegeneralisweakandwithoutauthority；whenhisordersarenotclearanddistinct；whenthereare

nofixesdutiesassignedtoofficersandmen，andtheranksareformedinaslovenlyhaphazardmanner，theresult

isutterdisorganization.

将不能料敌，以少合众，以弱击强，兵无选锋，曰北。

Whenageneral，unabletoestimatetheenemy'sstrength，allowsaninferiorforcetoengagealargerone，or

hurlsaweakdetachmentagainstapowerfulone，andneglectstoplacepickedsoldiersinthefrontrank，theresult

mustberout.

凡此六者，败之道也，将之至任，不可不察也。

Thearesixwaysofcourtingdefeat，whichmustbecarefullynotedbythegeneralwhohasattaineda

responsiblepost.

夫地形者，兵之助也。料敌制胜，计险隘远近，上将之道也。

Thenaturalformationofthecountryisthesoldier'sbestally；butapowerofestimatingtheadversary，of

controllingtheforcesofvictory，andofshrewdlycalculatingdifficulties，dangersanddistances，constitutesthe

testofagreatgeneral

知此而用战者必胜，不知此而用战者必败。

Hewhoknowsthethings，andinfightingputshisknowledgeintopractice，

knowsthemnot，norpracticesthem，willsurelybedefeated.

故战道必胜，主曰无战，必战可也；战道不胜，主曰必战，无战可也。

Iffightingissuretoresultinvictory，thenyoumustfight，eventhoughtherulerforbidit；iffightingwill

notresultinvictory，thenyoumustnotfightevenattheruler'sbidding.

故进不求名，退不避罪，唯民是保，而利于主，国之宝也。

Thegeneralwhoadvanceswithoutcovetingfameandretreatswithoutfearingdisgrace，whoonlythought

istoprotecthiscountryanddogoodrviceforhissovereign，isthejewelofthekingdom.

视卒如婴儿，故可以与之赴深溪；视卒如爱子，故可与之俱死。

Regardyoursoldiersasyourchildren，andtheywillfollowyouintothedeepestvalleys；lookuponthemas

yourownbelovedsons，andtheywillstandbyyouevenuntodeath.

厚而不能使，爱而不能令，乱而不能治，譬若骄子，不可用也。

If，however，youareindulgent，butunabletomakeyourauthorityfelt；kind-hearted，butunableto

enforceyourcommands；andincapable，moreover，ofquellingdisorder：thenyoursoldiersmustbelikened

tospoiltchildren；theyareulessforanypracticalpurpo.

知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也；

Ifweknowthatourownmenareinaconditiontoattack，butareunawarethattheenemyisnotopento

实用标准文档

文案大全

attack，wehavegoneonlyhalfwaytowardsvictory.

知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也；

Ifweknowthattheenemyisopentoattack，butareunawarethatourownmenarenotinaconditionto

attack，wehavegoneonlyhalfwaytowardsvictory.

知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。

Ifweknowthattheenemyisopentoattack，andalsoknowthatourmenareinaconditiontoattack，butare

unawarethatthenatureofthegroundmakesfightingimpracticable，wehavestillgoneonlyhalfwaytowards

victory.

故知兵者，动而不迷，举而不穷。

Hencetheexperiencedsoldier，onceinmotion，isneverbewildered；oncehehasbrokencamp，heis

neverataloss.

故曰：知彼知己，胜乃不殆；知天知地，胜乃可全。

Hencethesaying：Ifyouknowtheenemyandknowyourlf，yourvictorywillnotstandindoubt；ifyou

knowHeavenandknowEarth，youmaymakeyourvictorycomplete.

九地第十一

eSituations

孙子曰：用兵之法，有散地，有轻地，有争地，有交地，有衢地，有重地，有泛地，有围地，有

死地。

SunTzusaid：Theartofwarrecognizesninevarietiesofground：（1）Dispersiveground；（2）facile

ground；（3）contentiousground；（4）openground；（5）groundofinterctinghighways；（6）rious

ground；（7）difficultground；（8）hemmed-inground；（9）desperateground.

诸侯自战其地者，为散地；

Whenachieftainisfightinginhisownterritory，itisdispersiveground.

入人之地不深者，为轻地；

Whenhehaspenetratedintohostileterritory，buttonogreatdistance，itisfacileground.

我得亦利，彼得亦利者，为争地；

Groundtheposssionofwhichimportsgreatadvantagetoeitherside，iscontentiousground.

我可以往，彼可以来者，为交地；

Groundonwhicheachsidehaslibertyofmovementisopenground.

诸侯之地三属，先至而得天下众者，为衢地；

Groundwhichformsthekeytothreecontiguousstates，sothathewhooccupiesitfirsthasmostofthe

Empireathiscommand，isagroundofinterctinghighways.

入人之地深，背城邑多者，为重地；

Whenanarmyhaspenetratedintotheheartofahostilecountry，leavinganumberoffortifiedcitiesinits

rear，itisriousground.

山林、险阻、沮泽，凡难行之道者，为泛地；

Mountainforests，ruggedsteeps，marshesandfens——allcountrythatishardtotraver：thisisdifficult

ground.

所由入者隘，所从归者迂，彼寡可以击吾之众者，为围地；

Groundwhichisreachedthroughnarrowgorges，andfromwhichwecanonlyretirebytortuouspaths，so

thatasmallnumberoftheenemywouldsufficetocrushalargebodyofourmen：thisishemmedinground.

疾战则存，不疾战则亡者，为死地。

Groundonwhichwecanonlybesavedfromdestructionbyfightingwithoutdelay，isdesperateground.

是故散地则无战，轻地则无止，争地则无攻，

Ondispersiveground，therefore，leground，entiousground，attacknot.

交地则无绝，衢地则合交，

Onopenground，donottrytoblocktheenemy'roundofinterctinghighways，joinhands

withyourallies.

重地则掠，泛地则行，

Onriousground，icultground，keepsteadilyonthemarch.

围地则谋，死地则战。

Onhemmed-inground，erateground，fight.

实用标准文档

文案大全

古之善用兵者，能使敌人前后不相及，众寡不相恃，贵贱不相救，上下不相收，

Thowhowerecalledskillfulleadersofoldknewhowtodriveawedgebetweentheenemy'sfrontandrear；

topreventco-operationbetweenhislargeandsmalldivisions；tohinderthegoodtroopsfromrescuingthebad，

theofficersfromrallyingtheirmen.

卒离而不集，兵合而不齐。

Whentheenemy'smenwereunited，theymanagedtokeepthemindisorder.

合于利而动，不合于利而止。

Whenitwastotheiradvantage，theymadeaforwardmove；whenotherwi，theystoppedstill.

敢问敌众而整将来，待之若何曰：先夺其所爱则听矣。

Ifaskedhowtocopewithagreathostoftheenemyinorderlyarrayandonthepointofmarchingtothe

attack，Ishouldsay："Beginbyizingsomethingwhichyouropponentholdsdear；thenhewillbeamenableto

yourwill."

兵之情主速，乘人之不及。由不虞之道，攻其所不戒也。

Rapidityistheesnceofwar：takeadvantageoftheenemy'sunreadiness，makeyourwaybyunexpected

routes，andattackunguardedspots.

凡为客之道，深入则专。主人不克，

Thefollowingaretheprinciplestobeobrvedbyaninvadingforce：Thefurtheryoupenetrateintoa

country，thegreaterwillbethesolidarityofyourtroops，andthusthedefenderswillnotprevailagainstyou.

掠于饶野，三军足食。

Makeforaysinfertilecountryinordertosupplyyourarmywithfood.

谨养而勿劳，并气积力，运兵计谋，为不可测。

Carefullystudythewell-beingofyourmen，trateyourenergyandhoard

urarmycontinuallyonthemove，anddeviunfathomableplans.

投之无所往，死且不北。死焉不得，士人尽力。

Throwyoursoldiersintopositionswhencethereisnoescape，will

facedeath，rsandmenalikewillputforththeiruttermoststrength.

兵士甚陷则不惧，无所往则固，深入则拘，不得已则斗。

eisnoplaceofrefuge，

theyareinhostilecountry，eisnohelpforit，theywillfighthard.

是故其兵不修而戒，不求而得，不约而亲，不令而信，

Thus，withoutwaitingtobemarshaled，thesoldierswillbeconstantlyonthequivive；withoutwaitingto

beasked，theywilldoyourwill；withoutrestrictions，theywillbefaithful；withoutgivingorders，theycan

betrusted.

禁祥去疑，至死无所之。

Prohibitthetakingofomens，，untildeathitlfcomes，no

calamityneedbefeared.

吾士无余财，非恶货也；无余命，非恶寿也。

Ifoursoldiersarenotoverburdenedwithmoney，itisnotbecautheyhaveadistasteforriches；iftheir

livesarenotundulylong，itisnotbecautheyaredisinclinedtolongevity.

令发之日，士卒坐者涕沾襟，偃卧者涕交颐，投之无所往，诸、刿之勇也。