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表语形容词

更新时间:2022-11-12 04:30:33 阅读: 评论:0

初三上册历史思维导图-恨开头的成语


2022年11月12日发(作者:安全事故等级)

形容词的基本概念及用法

一、形容词的定义:形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的,在句中可用作定语、表语和宾语补足

q五坐语等。

二、形容词的用法:

⑴用作前置定语,即放在名词前修饰该名词。例如:

Chinaisagreatcountrywithalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

⑵用作后置定语。形容词修饰不定代词或形容词短语修饰名词时,需要后置。例如:

Hehassomethingimportanttotellyou.他有重要的事告诉你。

Sheisagirlgoodatsinging.她是一位擅长唱歌的女孩。

⑶用作表语。例如:

Itwasrainyyesterday,buttodayitissunny.昨天下雨,今天天晴。

Yourmotheremsangry.你母亲看上去生气了。

Themilkintheglasshasgonebad.玻璃杯里的牛奶发臭了。

Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.树叶在秋天变黄。

注意:有一些形容词在句中只能用作表语,我们称之为“表语形容词”。初中英语中常见的表语形容

词有:afraid,alive,alone,asleep,glad,ill(生病的),ready,sorry,sure,unable,well(健康的)等。

例如:

I'msorrynottohavebeenreadyfortheparty.很抱歉,晚会我还没有准备好。

Thechildrenwereasleepjustnow,butnowthey're孩Wa们e刚才在睡觉,现在醒了。Theywere

unabletohelpus.他们没法帮助我们。

⑷用作宾语补足语。例如:

Thenewsmadeherhappy.那个消息使她很开心。

Wholeftthedooropen?是谁没把门关上?

三、名词化的形容词:

th+e形容词”具有名词的功能,泛指一类人或抽象事物。用作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。

可以这样用的形容词有:blind,dead,old,poor,rich,young等。例如:

Theyoungarethehopeofthecountry.年轻人是国家的希望。

Thericharenotalwayshappy.有钱人并不总是快乐。

四、形容词的比较等级:

1.比较等级的构成:

形容词比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级三种。比较级和最高级的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两

种。规则变化由原级+-er”勾成比较级、原级+-est构成最高级,女如:small-smaller-smallest;

形容词比较级的勾成规则:

longTIonger宀Iongestclever-cleverer-cleverestfew-fewer-fewest

small-smaller-smallest

②•原级以字母e结尾,则只加-r和-st;如:

large宀larger宀largest

①.单音节和部分双音节形容词或副词通常加后缀

■er和-est构成比较级和最高级。如:

nice-nicer-nicest

cute-cuter-cutest

③.原级以辅音字母+y”结尾,则应将y改为i,再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级;如:

busyTbusier宀busiesteasy-easier-easiesthappy-happier-happiest

④.原级为重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母后再加词尾

和-est构成比较级和最高级。如:

bigtbiggertbiggestfat-fatter-fattestthin-thinner-thinnesthot-hotter-hottestred-redder-

reddestwet-wetter-wettest

⑤.多音节和部分双音节形容词在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如:

ufultmoreufultthemostufuldifficulttmoredifficulttthemostdifficultbeautifultmore

oustmoredelicioustthemostdeliciouspopulartmorepopulart

-themostpopularimportanttmoreimportanttthemostimportantinterestingtmoreinterestingt

themostinterestingexpensivetmoreexpensivetthemostexpensive▲部分双音节词也遵循此变

化规律:carefultmorecarefultthemostcarefulufultmoreufultthemostuful

▲少数单音节词也是这样,如:

pleadtmorepleadtthemostplead

tiredtmoretriedtthemosttired

⑥•比较级和最高级的不规则变化如下表:

原级比较级最咼级

bad/badly/ill(有病

的)

worworst

far

farther

farthest(指距离之“远”)

further

furthest(抽象"的远,深度)

good/wellbetterbest

littlelessleast

many/muchmoremost

old

older

oldest(强调年龄,指人、物)

elder

eldest(强调长幼,只指人)

说明:

⑴farther/farthest和further/furthest作为形容词都可以指距离。例如:

Thevillagewasfather/furtherthanthebridge.那个村子比那座桥更远。

Whatisthefarthest/furthestplaceyou'veeverbeen你最远去过哪里?

★further可以用来修饰抽象名词,表示进一步的;更多的”。例如:

acollegeoffurthereducation继续教育学院;进修学院

Hewillneedfurtherhelp.他将需要进一步的帮助。

⑵elder/eldest只用于人,表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼(排行)。elder指"(年纪)较大的”,eldest

指"(年纪)最大的”。elder不与than连用。例如:

Heismyelderbrother.他是我的哥哥。(比较:myyoungerbrother我的弟弟)

-er

Sheismyeldestdaughter.她是我的长女。(比较:myyoungestdaughter我最小的女儿)

2.比较等级的基本用法:

形容词和副词都有比较等级的用法,以下内容含有对副词比较等级的介绍。

⑴原级用于两者之间进行平级比较,其结构是“Aisas…asB.”,意思是“A和B一样…”。

例如:Maryisastallashersister.玛丽和她姐姐个子一样高。

HecanspeaksEnglishaswellasanEnglishman.他英语说得跟英国人一样好。

Shecanreadtwiceasfastashedoes.她阅读速度比他快一倍。

该结构的否定式为“Aisnotas/so…as意思是“A不如B那样..........”。notas…多用于

口语,notso…多用于书面语。例如:

Thisroomisnotasbrightasthatone.这间房间没有那间房间亮。

Itisnotsohottodayasitwasyesterday.今天不如昨天热。

Hedoesn'tworkashaasme.(=…ashardasIdo.他工作不及我努力。

⑵比较级用于两者之间进行比较并且其中一者在程度上超过另一者,其结构是“Ais-erthan

B.”,意思是“A比B更……”。例如:

Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.太阳比地球大。

Myroomissmallerthanyours.我的房间比你的小。

Thehousherearehigherthantheonesoverthere.这边的楼房比那边的楼房高。

⑶最高级用于三者或三者以上之间进行比较并且其中一者程度最甚,其结构是“Aisth&est

of/in….意思是“A在其中最"。形容词最高级前要用定冠词the。例如:Theearthisbiggerthanthe

thebiggestofthethree.地球比月亮大,太阳比地

球大,所以太阳是三者中最大的。Thisbuildingisthetallestinthecity.这座大楼全市最高。Tom

workshardestinhisclass.汤姆在班上学习最努力。

注意:最高级的比较范围如果是所在群体内的成员,就用of引出;如果是群体所在地,就用in,among

等词引出。请比较:Thisisthebestpictureofthethree.这是三幅图画中最好的。Thisisthebestpicture

inthehall.这是大厅中最好的图画。

3•比较级前常见修饰语总结:比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,表示“……得多”或

稍……”之类的意思。

①.比较级前可用alittle,abit,alittlebit,等修饰,表示“稍微”、“一点”。如:It'salittlecolder

todaythanitwasyesterday.今天比昨天稍冷一点。They'realittlebitbetternow.现在他们稍

好一点儿了。

②.比较级前可用much,far,byfar,alot,agooddeal,agreatdeal,rather等修饰,表示“……得多”。

如:She'sagooddealbettertoday.她今天好多了。Therearefarmorepeoplethanweexpected.人比我

们预计的多得多。

注意:quite也可修饰比较级,表示“••…得多”,但该比较级通常只限于better。如:He'squite

betternow.他现在好多了。

③.比较级前可用even,still修饰,表示更......”。女口:Itwavencolderthanyesterday.今

天比昨天还要冷。Thenextdayshegotupstillearlier.第二天她起床更早些。

①.very,quite,so,too等一般不修饰比较级,而多用来修饰原级。

②.more可以构成比较级,一定不能修饰比较级。

4.比较等级的特殊用法:

⑴“the+比较级+ofthetwo(+复数名词)"表示二者之中更.......的”。例如:Ofthetwoboys

Mikeisthetallerone.迈克是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。

注意:比较级前一般不加the,但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又有名词或出现了ofthe

two,这时比较级前一定要加the。例如:Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian?加

拿大和澳大利亚,哪个国家更大?(区别:Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralian?)Ofthetwojobs,he

chotheharder.在两项工作中他选择了较艰苦的那一个。下列句型中也要加the:

Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe'llbe.

⑵moreandmore表示越来...越....”。例如:Hehasbecomebusierandbusiernow.他现

在(变得)越来越忙了。Computersarebecomingmoreandmoreimportantinourwork.电脑在我们的

工作中变得越来越重要。

Itisrainingmoreandmoreheavilynow.现在雨下得越来越大了。

⑶themore…themore表示越....就越...."。例如:Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他

越忙越高兴。

ThemoreIeit,thelessIlikeit.那样东西我越看越不喜欢。本结构常用省略句形式,例如:Themore

thebetter.越多越好;多多益善。Thesoonerthebetter.越早越好;(时间上)越快越好。

⑷"oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最...之一”。最高级前还可以用物

主代词或名词所有格来修饰。ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.上海是中国最美丽的

城市之—。Ourcityisoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。Oneof

themostimportantlanguagesisEnglish.最重要的语言之一是英语。

5.比较结构的同义转换:

⑴.原级与比较级之间的转换:

①.英语的几种倍数表达方法:

A.表示几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由倍数+thesize(length,amount…)of…"结构组成。例如:The

earthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大。

B.表示“……比……大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级”结构组成。例如:Thisboxisthree

timesbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。

C.表示“••…是倍”,由倍数+as+形容词原级+as+"结构组成。例如:Ourfactoryistwiceasbig

astheirs.我们的工厂是他们的三倍。Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。

注意:“一倍”用once,“两倍”用twice。“三倍”用threetimes其他依次类推。

②.notso/as...as与比较级之间的转换。如:MissZhangisn'

WangisolderthanMissZhang./MissZhangisyoungerthanMissWang.

⑵.最高级与比较级之间的转换:

①.最高级与比较级+thananyother+名词单数之间的转换。女口:WeiHuaisthetallestboyinhis

aistallerthananyotheroyinhisclass./WeiHuaistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.

②.最高级与比较级+thananyoftheother+名词复数/thantheothertwo之间的转换。如:

tisbetterthananyoftheotherstudentsinthe

school.

注意:比较级是同类别之间进行比较,不同类之间不可以比较:

TheweatherhereismuchcolderthanBeijing.(F)

TheweatherhereismuchcolderthanthatinBeijing.(T)

ThepeopleinChinaaremorefriendlythanthoinAmerica.

TomhasshorterhairthanJim.=Tom'shairisshorterthanJim's.

6.多个形容词作定语时的位置:

“冠代数形大,新色国材名”。意思是“冠词、代词、数词放在前面,而形容词又根据大小、新旧、

颜色、国籍、材料的顺序依次排列修饰名词”。例如:Asmallroundtable一张小圆

桌Atallwhitebuilding一幢高大的白色建筑物Adirtyoldblackshirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣Afamous

Americanmedicalschool一个非常著名的美国医学院

【考题分析】

1.---InourEnglishstudy,readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.

------Idon'ng_i_s_______reading.

eas

分析:根据原题的上下文,要求表达“和……一样重要”的意思。as…as结构一般用于肯

定句,(not)so…a结构一般用于否定句。答案:A

2.---Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?

------Certainly,wecanbuy______onethanthis,but_______this.

r,,asgoodas

er,mportant,notasgoodas

分析:第一个空格后有than这个词,说明要用比较级。第二个空格后没有than,对照答案

选项,可以看出不用比较级。另外再从句意上去考虑,不可能买“更糟糕的(wor)”衣

服,而应是“更便宜的(cheaper)”衣服。答案:C

3.Rememberthis,children.______carefulyouare,__________mistakesyouwillmake.

e,er,themore

e,s,theless

分析:本题考点较多:首先是themore…themore结构;根据题意,第一个空格应是副词,可考虑选填

Themore。其次,要注意和可数名词mistakes正确搭配的那个词,可在themore

和theless之间选择。第三,要注意句子前后的语义关系。答案:C

4.Thatisan__book,butIdon'tthkenobwoywwhyasnot___init.(interest)

分析:英语动词的现在分词和过去分词可以用作形容词。一般来说,现在分词作形容词具有主动意义,

可用于人或物;过去分词作形容词具有被动意义,通常用于人。请比较:amazing令人惊愕的—amazed

感到惊奇的exciting令人激动的—excited激动的

interesting令人感兴趣的—interested感兴趣的pleasing(=pleasant)令人愉快的一plead高兴的

surprising使人惊奇的—surprid吃惊的worrying使人焦虑的一worried焦虑的

本题中,book应当是“令人感兴趣的”,而theboy则应对其“感兴趣”。答案:interestinginterested

【同步练习】

一、选择填空:

rysounds___.

rangestaste____.

ll

3.一Mum,IthinkI'm______togotoschool.

一Notreally,'dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.

ough

us_____storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.

eresting

possibleforso____workerstodoso______workinoneday.

,,,,many

6.一Lucy,doyouhavearuler?

一Yes,'s___________.

mallone

7.___foodyouhavecooked!

ce

llooked____atthemasterandfeltquite_____.

,,,,sadly

'dliketosleepwiththewindow____atnight.

wide

tleboylooks___.

tedStates,Britain,NewZealandandsoonare____countries.

h-spoken

pwas___andeveryonewas_____withit.

nt,d,d,nt,pleasant

___news!d

a____storyabouta______womanteacher.

,,,,true

retellthetextin_____English?Itisnot_____foryou.

,,,,hard

ldbrokethenewglass,buthedoesn'tget______.

17._____________Hewasthenextmorning.

eath

justfalling___whenIcameintohisroomquietly.

erscanhelppeopledo___workin______time.

,,,,less

_____cough!Youem_____ill.

le,ly,le,ly,terribly

ndofcakelooks_____andsmells_____.

,,,,good

noticethe___boyatthebackoftheclassroom?

's_____'tworry.

snothing

cherfoundhim___boy.

ver

visitorscometoNanjingbecausheis____city.

beautiful

it__todosomereadingeveryday.

sted

idshehadn'theard_____musicbefore.

onderful

wasn't_______atEnglish,butwnohedoes____init.

,,,,better

29.____childrenthereareinafamily,_____theirlifewillbe.

s,er,,,poorer

nahadjoinedWTO,soIthinkEnglishis___ufulthanbefore.

二、下列各句中均有一处错误,请找出并改正:

dasix-years-oldboyfromtheriveryesterday.__________________

askforleave?Iwanttovisitanillauntinahospital.______________

estionisveryimportantthanthatone._________________________

olderbrother.___________________________________________

5._______________________________________________________________Theherefreshwateris

verygood._______________________________________________________

sinClassOnearegoodatplayingfootballthanthoinClassTwo.

7.________________________________________________________Heisluckilyenoughtogetthe

ticketforthefootballmatch.___________________________________

'llneverforgetthepleadtriptoBeijing.__________________

tleboylookssadly.__________________________________

tellthechildrentobecarefulincrossingafulloftrafficstreet.

三、同义句转换(含副词练习)

gdoeswellinphysics.

LiuYing___________________________physics.

nfasterthanJeffinthe100-meterrace.

Jeffran___________________________Johninthe100-meterrace.

asbornin1990andsowasLinda.

Aliceis________________________rebothbornin1990.

ingsbestofthegirlsinherclass.

Mariasings___________________________________inherclass.

ristoonarrowforthefattytogothrough.

Thedoor_________________________forthefattytogothrough.

ngjiangRiveristhelongestinChina.

_________riverinChinais__________________theChangjiangRiver.

footballismoreexcitingthanbasketball.

Ithinkbasketballis__________________________football.

I________thinkbasketballis___________________________football.

orkharder,you'llgethigherscores.

_________________youwork,__________________scoresyou'llget.

四、用所给单词的正确形式填空

(1)Nancy______________(stealing)themoneyinthebox.

(2)Thepolice_____________(solve)thecaofthestolenpur.

(3)Thelittleboy_____________(deny)cheatinginthedialogue.

(4)Thedetectivewascleveratlookingfor_________(clue).

(5)Theyfoundthatit's____________(u)toreadtheschoolpaper.

(6)There_______________(be)aheavysnownextweek.

(7)Ifhe_______________(come)back,plealethimknowthegoodnews.

(8)Readinginbed_________(be)badforyoureyes.

(9)Theboydidmuch_____________(well)thanmeinthecompetition.

(10)Sheaskedmeifshe___________(can)borrowmycomputer.

(11)He__________________(read)aninterestingbookwhenIcamein.

(12)What________________(happen)ontheearthin50years?

(13)I_________(call)youhalfanhourago,butyourmobilephonewasn'ton.

(14)Thebuswasvery_____________(crowd)andtherewasnoroomforustosit.

(15)Thegirlwonthefirstprize____________(lucky).

(16)Mybrotherfinished____________(do)hishomeworktwohoursago.

(17)Idon'thaveenoughmoney,soIdecided_______________(buy)thecheaperone.

(18)Theyallhope_________________(findout)whotherealthiefmightbe.

(19)Doesyourbrotherenjoy______________(play)computergamesathome?

(20)Wouldyoumind_____________(turn)downtheTV?Yourmotherissleeping.

(21)Mysisterisinterestedin_____________(study)English.

(22)_____________________________________Didtheboysoongettiredof(stand)overthere?

(23)Wereyouafraidof_____________________(have)theEnglishtest?

(24)Ihavenoexperiencein______________(repair)theTV.

(25)Hemustapologizefor_________(be)lateforthemeeting.

(26)Iwasquitetired,soIstopped___________(work)and______________(take)

arest.

(27)LastweekendIwenttothelibrary_________________(borrow)booksonhowtoprotect

environment.

(28)Thelittlegirlwastoofrightened__________(say)aword.

(29)Theteachertoldtheboys______________(play)inthestreet.

(30)----Mybrotherisillinhospital.

-----I'msorry___________(hear)that.

(31)Myparentsdecided___________(buy)anewcarforme.

(32)Thelittleboyoften____________(deny)whathehasdone.

(33)Thefatman___________(lock)thedoorandlefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.

(34)Wastheoldwoman____________(frightened)oftheterribleaccident?

(35)'dbetter_____________(eat)hotfood.

(36)Thebabyhasfour____________(tooth).

(37)Theboy'smotherkept_________(asking)himtowashhishands.

(38)It'sufulwaytoteach___________(you)EnglishontheInternet,Ithink.

(39)Thegoodnewsmademe_________(happy).

(40)Theygaveusawarmwelcomeforour_____________.(arrive)

(41)Hisbrotherdidhishomeworkso____________________thathemademanymistakes.

(care)

(42)Toaskawoman'sageis_____________________(polite)

(43)Theyplantomeetatthe__________________tothemuum.(enter)

(44)Thegamesounds_____________.(excite)

(45)Atthe_______________ofnextmonth,we'llgoonatriptotheFragnatHill.(begin)

(46)Thesmallgirlwas____________(innocence)ofanycrime.

(47)Heisa_____________(honest)boy,soweldombelievewhathesays.

(48)Playingtoomanygamesoftenbringshimanof___________(guilty).

(49)They____________(suspect)thedrugofcausingover450deaths.

(50)Whydidn'tyoulistentotheteacher_______________(careful)inclass?

(51)Theoldmanalways__________(lock)hisimportantthingsinthesafe.

(52)Thepolice____________(question)himaboutthestolenmoney.

(53)Thebuildingoverthere_____________(belong)totheyoungman.

(54)Thisstreetis______________________(dangerous)thantheotherone.

(55)Thisproblemis________________________(important)thanIthought.

(56)Canyouwalk_____________(far)thananoldman?

(57)Insummeritismuch________________(hot)inChongqingthaninBeijing.

(58)Thevillageis____________(clean)thanitudtobe.

(59)I'm____________(clever)thanitudtobe.

(60)Ithinkshelooks______________(pretty)thaninthephoto.

(61)Myfatheris_____________(old)thanJohnson.

(62)Shehas_________(much)homeworktodothanIdotoday.

(63)Isfootball______________________(exciting)thanbasketb-all?

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