形容词的基本概念及用法
一、形容词的定义:形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的,在句中可用作定语、表语和宾语补足
q五坐语等。
二、形容词的用法:
⑴用作前置定语,即放在名词前修饰该名词。例如:
Chinaisagreatcountrywithalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
⑵用作后置定语。形容词修饰不定代词或形容词短语修饰名词时,需要后置。例如:
Hehassomethingimportanttotellyou.他有重要的事告诉你。
Sheisagirlgoodatsinging.她是一位擅长唱歌的女孩。
⑶用作表语。例如:
Itwasrainyyesterday,buttodayitissunny.昨天下雨,今天天晴。
Yourmotheremsangry.你母亲看上去生气了。
Themilkintheglasshasgonebad.玻璃杯里的牛奶发臭了。
Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.树叶在秋天变黄。
注意:有一些形容词在句中只能用作表语,我们称之为“表语形容词”。初中英语中常见的表语形容
词有:afraid,alive,alone,asleep,glad,ill(生病的),ready,sorry,sure,unable,well(健康的)等。
例如:
I'msorrynottohavebeenreadyfortheparty.很抱歉,晚会我还没有准备好。
Thechildrenwereasleepjustnow,butnowthey're孩Wa们e刚才在睡觉,现在醒了。Theywere
unabletohelpus.他们没法帮助我们。
⑷用作宾语补足语。例如:
Thenewsmadeherhappy.那个消息使她很开心。
Wholeftthedooropen?是谁没把门关上?
三、名词化的形容词:
th+e形容词”具有名词的功能,泛指一类人或抽象事物。用作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
可以这样用的形容词有:blind,dead,old,poor,rich,young等。例如:
Theyoungarethehopeofthecountry.年轻人是国家的希望。
Thericharenotalwayshappy.有钱人并不总是快乐。
四、形容词的比较等级:
1.比较等级的构成:
形容词比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级三种。比较级和最高级的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两
种。规则变化由原级+-er”勾成比较级、原级+-est构成最高级,女如:small-smaller-smallest;
形容词比较级的勾成规则:
longTIonger宀Iongestclever-cleverer-cleverestfew-fewer-fewest
small-smaller-smallest
②•原级以字母e结尾,则只加-r和-st;如:
large宀larger宀largest
①.单音节和部分双音节形容词或副词通常加后缀
■er和-est构成比较级和最高级。如:
nice-nicer-nicest
cute-cuter-cutest
③.原级以辅音字母+y”结尾,则应将y改为i,再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级;如:
busyTbusier宀busiesteasy-easier-easiesthappy-happier-happiest
④.原级为重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母后再加词尾
和-est构成比较级和最高级。如:
bigtbiggertbiggestfat-fatter-fattestthin-thinner-thinnesthot-hotter-hottestred-redder-
reddestwet-wetter-wettest
⑤.多音节和部分双音节形容词在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如:
ufultmoreufultthemostufuldifficulttmoredifficulttthemostdifficultbeautifultmore
oustmoredelicioustthemostdeliciouspopulartmorepopulart
-themostpopularimportanttmoreimportanttthemostimportantinterestingtmoreinterestingt
themostinterestingexpensivetmoreexpensivetthemostexpensive▲部分双音节词也遵循此变
化规律:carefultmorecarefultthemostcarefulufultmoreufultthemostuful
▲少数单音节词也是这样,如:
pleadtmorepleadtthemostplead
tiredtmoretriedtthemosttired
⑥•比较级和最高级的不规则变化如下表:
原级比较级最咼级
bad/badly/ill(有病
的)
worworst
far
farther
farthest(指距离之“远”)
further
furthest(抽象"的远,深度)
good/wellbetterbest
littlelessleast
many/muchmoremost
old
older
oldest(强调年龄,指人、物)
elder
eldest(强调长幼,只指人)
说明:
⑴farther/farthest和further/furthest作为形容词都可以指距离。例如:
Thevillagewasfather/furtherthanthebridge.那个村子比那座桥更远。
Whatisthefarthest/furthestplaceyou'veeverbeen你最远去过哪里?
★further可以用来修饰抽象名词,表示进一步的;更多的”。例如:
acollegeoffurthereducation继续教育学院;进修学院
Hewillneedfurtherhelp.他将需要进一步的帮助。
⑵elder/eldest只用于人,表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼(排行)。elder指"(年纪)较大的”,eldest
指"(年纪)最大的”。elder不与than连用。例如:
Heismyelderbrother.他是我的哥哥。(比较:myyoungerbrother我的弟弟)
-er
Sheismyeldestdaughter.她是我的长女。(比较:myyoungestdaughter我最小的女儿)
2.比较等级的基本用法:
形容词和副词都有比较等级的用法,以下内容含有对副词比较等级的介绍。
⑴原级用于两者之间进行平级比较,其结构是“Aisas…asB.”,意思是“A和B一样…”。
例如:Maryisastallashersister.玛丽和她姐姐个子一样高。
HecanspeaksEnglishaswellasanEnglishman.他英语说得跟英国人一样好。
Shecanreadtwiceasfastashedoes.她阅读速度比他快一倍。
该结构的否定式为“Aisnotas/so…as意思是“A不如B那样..........”。notas…多用于
口语,notso…多用于书面语。例如:
Thisroomisnotasbrightasthatone.这间房间没有那间房间亮。
Itisnotsohottodayasitwasyesterday.今天不如昨天热。
Hedoesn'tworkashaasme.(=…ashardasIdo.他工作不及我努力。
⑵比较级用于两者之间进行比较并且其中一者在程度上超过另一者,其结构是“Ais-erthan
B.”,意思是“A比B更……”。例如:
Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.太阳比地球大。
Myroomissmallerthanyours.我的房间比你的小。
Thehousherearehigherthantheonesoverthere.这边的楼房比那边的楼房高。
⑶最高级用于三者或三者以上之间进行比较并且其中一者程度最甚,其结构是“Aisth&est
of/in….意思是“A在其中最"。形容词最高级前要用定冠词the。例如:Theearthisbiggerthanthe
thebiggestofthethree.地球比月亮大,太阳比地
球大,所以太阳是三者中最大的。Thisbuildingisthetallestinthecity.这座大楼全市最高。Tom
workshardestinhisclass.汤姆在班上学习最努力。
注意:最高级的比较范围如果是所在群体内的成员,就用of引出;如果是群体所在地,就用in,among
等词引出。请比较:Thisisthebestpictureofthethree.这是三幅图画中最好的。Thisisthebestpicture
inthehall.这是大厅中最好的图画。
3•比较级前常见修饰语总结:比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,表示“……得多”或
稍……”之类的意思。
①.比较级前可用alittle,abit,alittlebit,等修饰,表示“稍微”、“一点”。如:It'salittlecolder
todaythanitwasyesterday.今天比昨天稍冷一点。They'realittlebitbetternow.现在他们稍
好一点儿了。
②.比较级前可用much,far,byfar,alot,agooddeal,agreatdeal,rather等修饰,表示“……得多”。
如:She'sagooddealbettertoday.她今天好多了。Therearefarmorepeoplethanweexpected.人比我
们预计的多得多。
注意:quite也可修饰比较级,表示“••…得多”,但该比较级通常只限于better。如:He'squite
betternow.他现在好多了。
③.比较级前可用even,still修饰,表示更......”。女口:Itwavencolderthanyesterday.今
天比昨天还要冷。Thenextdayshegotupstillearlier.第二天她起床更早些。
①.very,quite,so,too等一般不修饰比较级,而多用来修饰原级。
②.more可以构成比较级,一定不能修饰比较级。
4.比较等级的特殊用法:
⑴“the+比较级+ofthetwo(+复数名词)"表示二者之中更.......的”。例如:Ofthetwoboys
Mikeisthetallerone.迈克是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。
注意:比较级前一般不加the,但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又有名词或出现了ofthe
two,这时比较级前一定要加the。例如:Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian?加
拿大和澳大利亚,哪个国家更大?(区别:Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralian?)Ofthetwojobs,he
chotheharder.在两项工作中他选择了较艰苦的那一个。下列句型中也要加the:
Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe'llbe.
⑵moreandmore表示越来...越....”。例如:Hehasbecomebusierandbusiernow.他现
在(变得)越来越忙了。Computersarebecomingmoreandmoreimportantinourwork.电脑在我们的
工作中变得越来越重要。
Itisrainingmoreandmoreheavilynow.现在雨下得越来越大了。
⑶themore…themore表示越....就越...."。例如:Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他
越忙越高兴。
ThemoreIeit,thelessIlikeit.那样东西我越看越不喜欢。本结构常用省略句形式,例如:Themore
thebetter.越多越好;多多益善。Thesoonerthebetter.越早越好;(时间上)越快越好。
⑷"oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最...之一”。最高级前还可以用物
主代词或名词所有格来修饰。ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.上海是中国最美丽的
城市之—。Ourcityisoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。Oneof
themostimportantlanguagesisEnglish.最重要的语言之一是英语。
5.比较结构的同义转换:
⑴.原级与比较级之间的转换:
①.英语的几种倍数表达方法:
A.表示几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由倍数+thesize(length,amount…)of…"结构组成。例如:The
earthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大。
B.表示“……比……大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级”结构组成。例如:Thisboxisthree
timesbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。
C.表示“••…是倍”,由倍数+as+形容词原级+as+"结构组成。例如:Ourfactoryistwiceasbig
astheirs.我们的工厂是他们的三倍。Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。
注意:“一倍”用once,“两倍”用twice。“三倍”用threetimes其他依次类推。
②.notso/as...as与比较级之间的转换。如:MissZhangisn'
WangisolderthanMissZhang./MissZhangisyoungerthanMissWang.
⑵.最高级与比较级之间的转换:
①.最高级与比较级+thananyother+名词单数之间的转换。女口:WeiHuaisthetallestboyinhis
aistallerthananyotheroyinhisclass./WeiHuaistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.
②.最高级与比较级+thananyoftheother+名词复数/thantheothertwo之间的转换。如:
tisbetterthananyoftheotherstudentsinthe
school.
注意:比较级是同类别之间进行比较,不同类之间不可以比较:
TheweatherhereismuchcolderthanBeijing.(F)
TheweatherhereismuchcolderthanthatinBeijing.(T)
ThepeopleinChinaaremorefriendlythanthoinAmerica.
TomhasshorterhairthanJim.=Tom'shairisshorterthanJim's.
6.多个形容词作定语时的位置:
“冠代数形大,新色国材名”。意思是“冠词、代词、数词放在前面,而形容词又根据大小、新旧、
颜色、国籍、材料的顺序依次排列修饰名词”。例如:Asmallroundtable一张小圆
桌Atallwhitebuilding一幢高大的白色建筑物Adirtyoldblackshirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣Afamous
Americanmedicalschool一个非常著名的美国医学院
【考题分析】
1.---InourEnglishstudy,readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.
------Idon'ng_i_s_______reading.
eas
分析:根据原题的上下文,要求表达“和……一样重要”的意思。as…as结构一般用于肯
定句,(not)so…a结构一般用于否定句。答案:A
2.---Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?
------Certainly,wecanbuy______onethanthis,but_______this.
r,,asgoodas
er,mportant,notasgoodas
分析:第一个空格后有than这个词,说明要用比较级。第二个空格后没有than,对照答案
选项,可以看出不用比较级。另外再从句意上去考虑,不可能买“更糟糕的(wor)”衣
服,而应是“更便宜的(cheaper)”衣服。答案:C
3.Rememberthis,children.______carefulyouare,__________mistakesyouwillmake.
e,er,themore
e,s,theless
分析:本题考点较多:首先是themore…themore结构;根据题意,第一个空格应是副词,可考虑选填
Themore。其次,要注意和可数名词mistakes正确搭配的那个词,可在themore
和theless之间选择。第三,要注意句子前后的语义关系。答案:C
4.Thatisan__book,butIdon'tthkenobwoywwhyasnot___init.(interest)
分析:英语动词的现在分词和过去分词可以用作形容词。一般来说,现在分词作形容词具有主动意义,
可用于人或物;过去分词作形容词具有被动意义,通常用于人。请比较:amazing令人惊愕的—amazed
感到惊奇的exciting令人激动的—excited激动的
interesting令人感兴趣的—interested感兴趣的pleasing(=pleasant)令人愉快的一plead高兴的
surprising使人惊奇的—surprid吃惊的worrying使人焦虑的一worried焦虑的
本题中,book应当是“令人感兴趣的”,而theboy则应对其“感兴趣”。答案:interestinginterested
【同步练习】
一、选择填空:
rysounds___.
rangestaste____.
ll
3.一Mum,IthinkI'm______togotoschool.
一Notreally,'dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.
ough
us_____storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.
eresting
possibleforso____workerstodoso______workinoneday.
,,,,many
6.一Lucy,doyouhavearuler?
一Yes,'s___________.
mallone
7.___foodyouhavecooked!
ce
llooked____atthemasterandfeltquite_____.
,,,,sadly
'dliketosleepwiththewindow____atnight.
wide
tleboylooks___.
tedStates,Britain,NewZealandandsoonare____countries.
h-spoken
pwas___andeveryonewas_____withit.
nt,d,d,nt,pleasant
___news!d
a____storyabouta______womanteacher.
,,,,true
retellthetextin_____English?Itisnot_____foryou.
,,,,hard
ldbrokethenewglass,buthedoesn'tget______.
17._____________Hewasthenextmorning.
eath
justfalling___whenIcameintohisroomquietly.
erscanhelppeopledo___workin______time.
,,,,less
_____cough!Youem_____ill.
le,ly,le,ly,terribly
ndofcakelooks_____andsmells_____.
,,,,good
noticethe___boyatthebackoftheclassroom?
's_____'tworry.
snothing
cherfoundhim___boy.
ver
visitorscometoNanjingbecausheis____city.
beautiful
it__todosomereadingeveryday.
sted
idshehadn'theard_____musicbefore.
onderful
wasn't_______atEnglish,butwnohedoes____init.
,,,,better
29.____childrenthereareinafamily,_____theirlifewillbe.
s,er,,,poorer
nahadjoinedWTO,soIthinkEnglishis___ufulthanbefore.
二、下列各句中均有一处错误,请找出并改正:
dasix-years-oldboyfromtheriveryesterday.__________________
askforleave?Iwanttovisitanillauntinahospital.______________
estionisveryimportantthanthatone._________________________
olderbrother.___________________________________________
5._______________________________________________________________Theherefreshwateris
verygood._______________________________________________________
sinClassOnearegoodatplayingfootballthanthoinClassTwo.
7.________________________________________________________Heisluckilyenoughtogetthe
ticketforthefootballmatch.___________________________________
'llneverforgetthepleadtriptoBeijing.__________________
tleboylookssadly.__________________________________
tellthechildrentobecarefulincrossingafulloftrafficstreet.
三、同义句转换(含副词练习)
gdoeswellinphysics.
LiuYing___________________________physics.
nfasterthanJeffinthe100-meterrace.
Jeffran___________________________Johninthe100-meterrace.
asbornin1990andsowasLinda.
Aliceis________________________rebothbornin1990.
ingsbestofthegirlsinherclass.
Mariasings___________________________________inherclass.
ristoonarrowforthefattytogothrough.
Thedoor_________________________forthefattytogothrough.
ngjiangRiveristhelongestinChina.
_________riverinChinais__________________theChangjiangRiver.
footballismoreexcitingthanbasketball.
Ithinkbasketballis__________________________football.
I________thinkbasketballis___________________________football.
orkharder,you'llgethigherscores.
_________________youwork,__________________scoresyou'llget.
四、用所给单词的正确形式填空
(1)Nancy______________(stealing)themoneyinthebox.
(2)Thepolice_____________(solve)thecaofthestolenpur.
(3)Thelittleboy_____________(deny)cheatinginthedialogue.
(4)Thedetectivewascleveratlookingfor_________(clue).
(5)Theyfoundthatit's____________(u)toreadtheschoolpaper.
(6)There_______________(be)aheavysnownextweek.
(7)Ifhe_______________(come)back,plealethimknowthegoodnews.
(8)Readinginbed_________(be)badforyoureyes.
(9)Theboydidmuch_____________(well)thanmeinthecompetition.
(10)Sheaskedmeifshe___________(can)borrowmycomputer.
(11)He__________________(read)aninterestingbookwhenIcamein.
(12)What________________(happen)ontheearthin50years?
(13)I_________(call)youhalfanhourago,butyourmobilephonewasn'ton.
(14)Thebuswasvery_____________(crowd)andtherewasnoroomforustosit.
(15)Thegirlwonthefirstprize____________(lucky).
(16)Mybrotherfinished____________(do)hishomeworktwohoursago.
(17)Idon'thaveenoughmoney,soIdecided_______________(buy)thecheaperone.
(18)Theyallhope_________________(findout)whotherealthiefmightbe.
(19)Doesyourbrotherenjoy______________(play)computergamesathome?
(20)Wouldyoumind_____________(turn)downtheTV?Yourmotherissleeping.
(21)Mysisterisinterestedin_____________(study)English.
(22)_____________________________________Didtheboysoongettiredof(stand)overthere?
(23)Wereyouafraidof_____________________(have)theEnglishtest?
(24)Ihavenoexperiencein______________(repair)theTV.
(25)Hemustapologizefor_________(be)lateforthemeeting.
(26)Iwasquitetired,soIstopped___________(work)and______________(take)
arest.
(27)LastweekendIwenttothelibrary_________________(borrow)booksonhowtoprotect
environment.
(28)Thelittlegirlwastoofrightened__________(say)aword.
(29)Theteachertoldtheboys______________(play)inthestreet.
(30)----Mybrotherisillinhospital.
-----I'msorry___________(hear)that.
(31)Myparentsdecided___________(buy)anewcarforme.
(32)Thelittleboyoften____________(deny)whathehasdone.
(33)Thefatman___________(lock)thedoorandlefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.
(34)Wastheoldwoman____________(frightened)oftheterribleaccident?
(35)'dbetter_____________(eat)hotfood.
(36)Thebabyhasfour____________(tooth).
(37)Theboy'smotherkept_________(asking)himtowashhishands.
(38)It'sufulwaytoteach___________(you)EnglishontheInternet,Ithink.
(39)Thegoodnewsmademe_________(happy).
(40)Theygaveusawarmwelcomeforour_____________.(arrive)
(41)Hisbrotherdidhishomeworkso____________________thathemademanymistakes.
(care)
(42)Toaskawoman'sageis_____________________(polite)
(43)Theyplantomeetatthe__________________tothemuum.(enter)
(44)Thegamesounds_____________.(excite)
(45)Atthe_______________ofnextmonth,we'llgoonatriptotheFragnatHill.(begin)
(46)Thesmallgirlwas____________(innocence)ofanycrime.
(47)Heisa_____________(honest)boy,soweldombelievewhathesays.
(48)Playingtoomanygamesoftenbringshimanof___________(guilty).
(49)They____________(suspect)thedrugofcausingover450deaths.
(50)Whydidn'tyoulistentotheteacher_______________(careful)inclass?
(51)Theoldmanalways__________(lock)hisimportantthingsinthesafe.
(52)Thepolice____________(question)himaboutthestolenmoney.
(53)Thebuildingoverthere_____________(belong)totheyoungman.
(54)Thisstreetis______________________(dangerous)thantheotherone.
(55)Thisproblemis________________________(important)thanIthought.
(56)Canyouwalk_____________(far)thananoldman?
(57)Insummeritismuch________________(hot)inChongqingthaninBeijing.
(58)Thevillageis____________(clean)thanitudtobe.
(59)I'm____________(clever)thanitudtobe.
(60)Ithinkshelooks______________(pretty)thaninthephoto.
(61)Myfatheris_____________(old)thanJohnson.
(62)Shehas_________(much)homeworktodothanIdotoday.
(63)Isfootball______________________(exciting)thanbasketb-all?
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