6月英语

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2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题〔第一套〕

PartIIListeningComprehension<30minutes>

SectionA

1.A>Prepareforhixams.B>Catchuponhiswork.

C>Attendtheconcert.D>Goonavacation.

2.A>Threecrewmemberswereinvolvedintheincident.

B>Noneofthehijackerscarriedanydeadlyweapons.

C>TheplanehadbeenscheduledtoflytoJapan.

D>Noneofthepasngerswereinjuredorkilled.

3.A>Anarticleabouttheelection.B>Atediousjobtobedone.

C>Anelectioncampaign.D>Afascinatingtopic.

4.A>Therestaurantwasnotuptothespeakers'expectations.

B>Therestaurantplacesmanyadsinpopularmagazines.

C>ThecriticthoughthighlyoftheChinerestaurant.

D>Chinatownhasgotthebestrestaurantinthecity.

5.A>Heisgoingtovisithismotherinthehospital.

B>Heisgoingtotakeonanewjobnextweek.

C>Hehasmanythingstodealwithrightnow.

D>Hebehavesinawaynobodyunderstands.

6.A>Alargenumberofstudentsrefudtovotelastnight.

B>Atleasttwentystudentsareneededtovoteonanissue.

C>Majorcampusissueshadtobediscusdatthemeeting.

D>Morestudentshavetoappeartomaketheirvoiceheard.

7.A>Thewomancanhardlytellwhatshelikes.

B>ThespeakerslikewatchingTVverymuch.

C>ThespeakershavenothingtodobutwatchTV.

D>ThemanldomwatchedTVbeforeretirement.

8.A>Thewomanshouldhaveretiredearlier.4

B>Hewillhelpthewomansolvetheproblem.

C>Hefindsithardtoagreewithwhatthewomansays.

D>Thewomanwillbeabletoattendtheclassshewants.

Questions9to12arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A>Persuadethemantojoinhercompany.B>Employthemostup-to-datetechnology.

C>Exportbikestoforeignmarkets.D>Expandtheirdomesticbusiness.

10.A>Thestatesubsidizessmallandmediumenterpris.

B>Thegovernmenthascontroloverbicycleimports.

C>Theycancompetewiththebestdomesticmanufactures.

D>Theyhaveacostadvantageandcanchargehigherprices.

11.A>Extracostsmighteatuptheirprofitsabroad.

B>Moreworkerswillbeneededtodopackaging.

C>Theymightlotoforeignbikemanufacturers.

D>Itisverydifficulttofindsuitablelocalagents.

12.A>Reporttothemanagement.B>Attractforeigninvestments.

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C>Conductafeasibilitystudy.D>Consultfinancialexperts.

Questions13to15arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

13.A>Coalburntdailyforthecomfortofourhomes.

B>Anythingthatcanbeudtoproducepower.

C>Fuelrefinedfromoilextractedfromunderground.

D>Electricitythatkeepsallkindsofmachinesrunning.

14.A>Oilwillsoonbereplacedbyalternativeenergysources.

B>Oilrervesintheworldwillbeexhaustedinadecade.

C>Oilconsumptionhasgivenritomanyglobalproblems.

D>Oilproductionwillbegintodeclineworldwideby2015.

15.A>Minimizetheuoffossilfuels.B>Startdevelopingalternativefuels.

C>Findtherealcauforglobalwarming.D>Takestepstoreducethegreenhoueffect.

SectionB

PassageOne

Questions16to18arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A>Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.B>Arefinedtasteforartisticworks.

C>Yearsofpracticalexperience.D>Strictprofessionaltraining.

17.A>PromotingallkindsofAmericanhand-madespecialities.

B>Strengtheningcooperationwithforeigngovernments.

C>Conductingtradeinartworkswithdealersoveras.

D>Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.

18.A>Shehasaccesstofashionablethings.B>Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdoing.

C>Shecanenjoylifeonamodestsalary.D>Sheisfreetodowhatevershewants.

PassageTwo

Questions19to22arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A>Joininneighborhoodpatrols.B>Getinvolvedinhiscommunity.

C>Voicehiscomplaintstothecitycouncil.D>Makesuggestionstothelocalauthorities.

20.A>Deteriorationinthequalityoflife.B>Increaofpolicepatrolsatnight.

C>Renovationofthevacantbuildings.D>Violationofcommunityregulations.

21.A>Theymaytakealongtimetosolve.B>Theyneedassistanceformthecity.

C>Theyhavetobedealtwithonebyone.D>Theyaretoobigforindividualefforts.

22.A>Hehadgotsomegroceriesatabigdiscount.

B>Hehadreadafunnyposternearhisat.

C>Hehaddoneasmalldeedofkindness.

D>Hehadcaughtthebusjustintime.

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.A>Childhoodandfamilygrowth.B>Pressureanddia.

C>Familylifeandhealth.D>Stressanddepression.

24.A>Itexperiencedariesofmisfortunes.B>Itwasintheprocessofreorganization.

C>Hismotherdiedofasuddenheartattack.D>Hiswifelefthimbecauofhisbadtemper.

25.A>Theywouldgivehimatriplebypasssurgery.

B>Theycouldremovetheblockinhisartery.

C>Theycoulddonothingtohelphim.

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D>Theywouldtryhardtosavehislife.

SectionC

Whenmostpeoplethinkoftheword"education〞,theythinkofapupilasasortofanimate

imptycasting,theteachers<26>stuff"education.〞

Butgenuineeducation,asSocratesknewmorethantwothousandyearsago,isnot<27>the

stuffingofinformationintoaperson,butratherelicitingknowledgefromhim;itisthe<28>of

whatisinthemind.

"Themostimportantpartofeducation,〞oncewroteWilliamErnestHocking,the<29>

Harvardphilosopher,"isthisinstructionofamaninwhathehasinsideofhim.〞

And,asEdithHamiltonhasremindedus,Socratesneversaid,"Iknow,learnfromme.〞Hesaid,

rather,"Lookintoyourownlvesandfindthe<30>ofthetruththatGodhasputintoeveryheart

andthatonlyyoucankindle<点燃>toa<31>.〞

Inadialogue,Socratestakesanignorantslaveboy,withoutadayof<32>,andprovestothe

amazedobrversthattheboyreally"knows〞geometry一becautheprinciplesofgeometry

arealreadyinhismind,waitingtobecalledout.

Somanyofthediscussionsand<33>aboutthecontentofeducationareulessand

inconclusivebecauthey<34>whatshould"gointo〞thestudentratherthanwithwhatshould

betakenout,andhowthiscanbestbedone.

Thecollegestudentwhooncesaidtome,afteralecture,"IspendsomuchtimestudyingthatI

don'thaveachancetolearnanything,〞wasclearlyexpressinghis<35>withthesausagecasing

viewofeducation.

PartIIIReadingComprehension<40minutes>

Readingcomprehension

SectionA

Innovation,theelixir<灵丹妙药>ofprogress,

IndustrialRevolutionhandweaverswere___36___epast

30yearsthedigitalrevolutionhas___37___manyofthemid-skilljobsthatunderpinned

s,ticketagents,banktellersandmanyproduction-linejobs

havebeendispendwith,justastheweaverswere.

Forthowhobelievethattechnologicalprogresshasmadetheworldabetterplace,such

disruptionisanaturalpartofrising___38___.Althoughinnovationkillssomejobs,itcreatesnew

andbetterones,asamore___39___societybecomesricheranditswealthierinhabitantsdemand

edyearsagooneinthreeAmericanworkerswas___40___ona

essthan2%lionsfreedfromthelandwere

notrendered___41___,butfoundbetter-paidworkastheeconomygrewmoresophisticated.

Todaythepoolofcretarieshas___42___,butthereareevermorecomputerprogrammersand

webdesigners.

Optimismremainstherightstarting-point,butforworkersthedislocatingeffectsof

technologymaymakethemlvevidentfasterthanits___43___.Evenifnewjobsand

wonderfulproductmerge,intheshorttermincomegapswillwiden,causinghugesocial

logy's___44___willfeellikeatornado<

旋风>,hittingtherichworldfirst,but___45___

governmentispreparedforit.

A〕benefitsB〕displacedC〕employedD〕eventuallyE〕impactF〕joblessG〕primarily

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H〕productiveI〕prosperityJ〕responsiveK〕rhythmL〕ntimentsM〕shrunkN〕swept

O〕withdrawn

SectionB

WhytheMonaLisaStandsOut

[A]Haveyoueverfallenforanovelandbeenamazednottofinditonlistsofgreatbooks?Or

walkedaroundasculpturerenownedasaclassic,strugglingtoewhatthefussisabout?Ifso,

you’veprobablyponderedthequestionCuttingaskedhimlfthatday:howdoesaworkofart

cometobeconsideredgreat?

[B]Theintuitiveansweristhatsomeworksofartarejustgreat:ofintrinsicallysuperiorquality.

Thepaintingsthatwinprimespotsingalleries,gettaughtinclassandreproducedinbooksare

an’tethey’resuperior,that’s

’esocialscientistshavebeenasking

awkwardquestionsofit,raisingthepossibilitythatartisticcanonsarelittlemorethanfossilid

historicalaccidents.

[C]Cutting,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,wonderedifapsychologicalmechanismknownas

the"mere-exposureeffect〞playedaroleindecidingwhichpaintingsritothetopofthe

ecturecourhe

regulathe

paintingswerecanonical,werelesrknownbutof

ards,thestudentspreferred

themtothecanonicalworks,whileacontrolgroupofstudentslikedthecanonicalonesbest.

Cutting’sstudentshadgrowntolikethopaintingsmoresimplybecautheyhadenthem

more.

[D]tsoutthat

themostreproducedworksofimpressionismtodaytendtohavebeenboughtbyfiveorsix

ferencesofthemenbestowed

prestigeoncertainworks,whichmadetheworksmorelikelytobehungingalleriesandprintedin

epasddowntheyears,gainingmomentumfrommereexposureasitdidso.

Themorepeoplewereexpodto,themoretheylikedit,andthemoretheylikedit,themoreit

appearedinbooks,ile,academicsandcriticscreated

ll,it’snotjustthemasswhotendtorate

emporaryartistslikeWarholandDamienHirsthave

grasped,criticalacclaimisdeeplyentwinedwithpublicity."Scholars〞,Cuttingargues,"areno

differentfromthepublicintheeffectsofmereexposure.〞

[E]TheprocessdescribedbyCuttingevokesaprinciplethatthesociologistDuncanWattscalls

"cumulativeadvantage〞:onceathingbecomespopular,itwilltendtobecomemorepopularstill.

Afewyearsago,Watts,whoimployedbyMicrosofttostudythedynamicsofsocialnetworks,

ueuingtoethe"Mona

Lisa〞initsclimate-controlledbulletproofboxattheLouvre,hecameawaypuzzled:whywasit

consideredsosuperiortothethreeotherLeonardosinthepreviouschamber,towhichnobody

emedtobepayingtheslightestattention?

[F]WhenWattslookedintothehistoryof"thegreatestpaintingofalltime〞,hediscoveredthat,

formostofitslife,the"MonaLisa〞1850s,Leonardoda

VinciwasconsiderednomatchforgiantsofRenaissanceartlikeTitianandRaphael,whoworks

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wereworthalmosttentimesasmuchasthe"MonaLisa〞.Itwasonlyinthe20thcenturythat

Leonardo’sportraitofhispatron’opelleditthere

wasn’tascholarlyre-evaluation,butatheft.

[G]In1911amaintenanceworkerattheLouvrewalkedoutofthemuumwiththe"Mona

Lisa〞answereaghastatthetheftofapaintingtowhich,until

then,emuumreopened,peoplequeuedtoethegap

wherethe"MonaLisa〞

thenon,the"MonaLisa〞cametoreprentWesterncultureitlf.

[H]Althoughmanyhavetried,itdoesemimprobablethatthepainting’suniquestatuscanbe

eensaidthatthesubject’yesfollow

hepainting’sbiographer,DonaldSassoon,drylynotes,"In

realitytheeffectcanbeobtainedfromanyportrait.〞DuncanWattsproposthatthe"Mona

Lisa〞ngs,poemsandpopsongsare

buoyedorsunkbyrandomeventsorpreferencesthatturnintowavesofinfluence,ripplingdown

thegenerations.

[I]"Sayingthatculturalobjectshavevalue,〞BrianEnooncewrote,"islikesayingthat

telephoneshaveconversations.〞Nearlyalltheculturalobjectsweconsumearrivewrappedin

inheritedopinion;ourpreferencesarealways,tosomeextent,someoneel’rstothe

"MonaLisa〞knowtheyareabouttovisitthegreatestworkofarteverandcomeaway

appropriatelyimpresd—enceataperformanceof"Hamlet〞knowitis

regardedasaworkofgenius,vencallsthepre-eminenceof

Shakespearea"historicalaccident〞.

[J]Althoughtherigidhigh-lowdistinctionfellapartinthe1960s,westillucultureasabadgeof

’sfashionforeclecticism—"IloveBach,AbbaandJayZ〞—is,ShamusKhan,a

ColumbiaUniversitypsychologist,argues,anewwayforthemiddleclasstodistinguish

themlvesfromwhattheyperceivetobethenarrowtastesofthobeneaththeminthesocial

hierarchy.

[K]Theintrinsicqu

perhapsit’fall,aworkneedsacertain

"MonaLisa〞maynotbeaworthy

worldchampion,butitwasintheLouvreinthefirstplace,ly,some

"Hamlet〞afterreadingeventhegreatestof

Shakespeare’scontemporaries,andthedifferencemaystrikeyouasunarguable.

[L]AstudyintheBritishJournalofAestheticssuggeststhattheexposureeffectdoesn’tworkthe

samewayoneverything,

socialscientistsarerighttosaythatweshouldbealittleskepticalofgreatness,andthatwe

rtandmediocritycangetconfud,evenbyexperts.

Butthat’swhyweneedtoe,andread,ewe’reexpodtothegood

andthebad,ecticistshaveit.

ingtoDuncanWatts,thesuperiorityofthe"MonaLisa"toLeonardo'sotherworks

cialscientistshaveraiddoubtsaboutthe

tenrandomeventsorpreferencesthatdetermine

xperiment,Cuttingfoundthathissubjectslikedlesrknown

horthinksthegreatness

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ueofcriticsaswellasordinarypeoplethat

toexpo

ourlvofthe

historyofthegreatestpaintingssuggestvenagreatworkofartcouldexperienceyearsof

ns

aboutandpreferencesforculturalobjectsareofteninheritable.

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Whentherightpersonisholdingtherightjobattherightmoment,thatperson'sinfluenceis

thepositioninwhichJanetYellen,whoixpectedtobeconfirmedas

thenextchairoftheFederalRerveBankinJanuary,elieve,as

manydo,thatunemploymentisthemajoreconomicandsocialconcernofourday,thenitisno

stretchtothinkYellenisthemostpowerfulpersonintheworldrightnow.

Throughoutthe2008financialcrisisandtherecessionandrecoverythatfollowed,central

bankshavetakenontheroleofstimulatorsoflastresort,holdinguptheglobaleconomywithvast

,previouslyaFedvicechair,wasoneofthe

principalarchitectsoftheFed's$conomistknownforher

groundbreakingworkonlabormarkets,Yeilenwasakindofprophetesarlyoninthecrisisfor

herwarningsaboutthesubprime〔次级债〕illbeherjobtogettheFedandthe

marketsoutofthebiggestandmostunconventionalmonetaryprograminhistorywithoutderailing

thefragilerecovery.

ThegoodnewsisthatYellen,67,

akeenunderstandingoffinancialmarkets,anappreciationfortheirimperfectionsandastrong

beliefthathumansufferingwasmorerelatedtounemploymentthananythingel.

SomeexpertsworrythatYellenwillbeinclinedtochaunemploymenttotheneglectofinflation.

Butwithwagesstillrelativelyflatandtheeconomyincreasinglydividedbetweenthewell-offand

thelong-termunemployed'morepeopleworryabouttheopposite,deflation〔通货紧缩〕thatwould

aggravatetheeconomy'sproblems.

Eitherway,theincomingFedchiefwillhavetowalkafinelineinslowlyendingthestimulus.

Itmustbesteadyenoughtodeflatebubbles〔去泡沫〕andbringmarketsbackdowntoearthbutnot

soquickthatitcreatesanothercreditcrisis.

UnlikemanypastFedleaders,Yellenisnotonetobuyintothefinanceindustry'sargument

wsallalongtheFedhasbeentooslackon

regulationoffinance.

Yellenislikelytoaddressrightaftershepushesunemploymentbelow6%,stabilizesmarkets

cetonProfessorAlan

Blindersays'"She'ssmartasawhip,deeplylogical,

canpersuadewithoutcreatinghostility."AHthotraitswillbeufulastheglobaleconomy's

newpowerplayertakesonitsmostannoyingproblems.

manypeoplethinkisthebiggestproblemfacingJanetYellen?

A>Lackofmoney.B>Subprimecrisis.C>Unemployment.D>Socialinstability.

dYellenhelptheFeddototacklethe2008financialcrisis?

A>Takeeffectivemeasurestocurbinflation.

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B>DeflatethebubblesintheAmericaneconomy.

C>Formulatepoliciestohelpfinancialinstitutions.

D>Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughastbuying.

agreaterconcernofthegeneralpublic?

A>Recession.B>Deflation.C>Inequality.D>Income.

YellenlikelytodoinherpositionastheFedchief?

A>Developanewmonetaryprogram.B>Restorepublicconfidence.

C>Tightenfinancialregulation.D>Reformthecreditsystem.

sAlanBlinderportrayYellen?

A>Sheposssstrongpersuasivepower.

B>Shehasconfidenceinwhatsheisdoing.

C>Sheisoneoftheworld'sgreatesteconomists.

D>SheisthemostpowerfulFedchiefinhistory.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebadonthefollowingpassage.

tthatpublicparksin

citiesbecomecrowdedassoonasthesunshinesprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen,open

notallknowwhattheyareekingbuttheyflockthere,,in

thesurroundings,retoepeoplefighting

sstruggleunfoldsfirst,notataneconomicorsociallevel,butoverthe

appropriationofair,nbeingscanbreatheandshareair,theydon't

needtostrugglewithoneanother.

Unfortunately,inourwesterntradition,neithermaterialistnoridealisttheoreticiansgive

oliticians,despiteproposingcurbson

environmentalpollution,ycountriesare

evenallowedtopolluteiftheypayforit.

Butisourlifeworthanythingotherthanmoney?Theplantworldshowsusinsilencewhat

helpsustoanewbeginning,urgingustocareforourbreath,

erdependencetowhichwemustpaythe

clescribedas

"thelungsoftheplanet",thewoodsthatcovertheearthofferusthegiftofbreathableairby

ircapacitytorenewtheairpollutedbyindustryhaslongreacheditslimit.

Ifwelacktheairnecessaryforahealthylife,itisbecauwehavefilleditwithchemicalsand

ow,rapiddeforestationcombinedwiththe

massiveburningoffossilfuelsisanexplosiverecipeforanirreversibledisaster.

Thefightovertheappropriationofresourceswillleadtheentireplanettohellunlesshumans

learntosharelife,skissimultaneouslyethicaland

politicalbecauitcanbedischargedonlywheneachtakesituponherlforhimlfandonly

sontaughtbyplantsisthatsharinglife

expandsandenhancesthesphereoftheliving,whiledividinglifeintoso-callednaturalorhuman

cometoviewtheair,theplantsandourlvesasthecontributors

totheprervationoflifeandgrowth,ratherthanawebofquantifiableobjectsorproductive

sthenwewouldfinallybegintolive,ratherthanbeing

concernedwithbaresurvival.

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estheauthorassumemightbetheprimaryreasonthatpeoplewouldstrugglewith

eachother?

A>Togettheirshareofcleanair.B>Topursueacomfortablelife.

C>Togainahighersocialstatus.D>Toekeconomicbenefits.

estheauthoraccuwesternpoliticiansof?

A>Deprivingcommonpeopleoftherighttocleanair.

B>Givingprioritytotheoryratherthanpracticalaction.

C>Offeringpreferentialtreatmenttowealthycountries.

D>Failingtopasslawstocurbenvironmentalpollution.

estheauthortrytodrawourclostattentionto?

A>Themassiveburningoffossilfuels.

B>Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.

C>Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.

D>Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.

humanbeingsaccomplishthegoalofprotectingtheplanetaccordingtotheauthor?

A>Byshowingrespectforplants.B>Byprervingallformsoflife.

C>Bytappingallnaturalresources.D>Bypoolingtheireffortstogether.

estheauthorsuggestwedoinordernotjusttosurvive?

A>Expandthesphereofliving.B>Developnature'spotentials.

C>Sharelifewithnature.D>Allocatetheresources.

PartIVTranslation<30minutes>

中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样,让客人吃不完.中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席

的一套凉菜与其后的热菜,例如：肉类,鸡鸭,蔬菜等.大多数宴席上,全鱼被认为是必不可少的,

除非已经上过各式海鲜.如今,中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴溶于一席,因此牛排

上桌也不少见.沙拉也已流行起来,尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴.宴席通

常至少有一道汤,可以最先或最后上桌.甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束.

2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题〔第二套〕

PartIIListeningComprehension<30minutes>

SectionA

1.A>Thewomanldomspeakshighlyofherlf.

B>Themanisunhappywiththewoman'sremark.

C>Themanbehavesasifhewereathoroughfool.

D>Thewomanthinkssheisclevererthantheman.

2.A>Threecrewmemberswereinvolvedintheincident.

B>Noneofthehijackerscarriedanydeadlyweapons.

C>TheplanehadbeenscheduledtoflytoJapan.

D>Noneofthepasngerswereinjuredorkilled.

3.A>Atacheckoutcounter.B>Atacommercialbank.

C>Atatravelagency.D>Atahotelfrontdesk.

4.A>Therestaurantwasnotuptothespeakers'expectations.

B>Therestaurantplacesmanyadsinpopularmagazines.

C>ThecriticthoughthighlyoftheChinerestaurant.

D>Chinatownhasgotthebestrestaurantsinthecity.

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5.A>cehasstoppedconductingminars.

B>ceisgoingintoanactiveretirement.

C>Theprofessor'sgraduateminariswellreceived.

D>Theprofessorwillleadaquietlifeafterretirement.

6.A>FindingareplacementforLeon.B>AssigningLeontoanewposition.

C>ArrangingforRodney'svisittomorrow.D>FindingasolutiontoRodney'sproblem.

7.A>Helenhasbeenlookingforwardtotheexhibition.

B>Thephotographyexhibitionwillclotomorrow.

C>Helenaskedthemantobookaticketforher.

D>PhotographyisoneofHelen'smanyhobbies.

8.A>Thespeakerssharethesameopinion.

B>Steveknowshowtomotivateemployees.

C>Thewomanisoutoftouchwiththerealworld.

D>ThemanhasabetterunderstandingofSteve.

Questions9to12arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A>Itiswellpaid.B>Itisdemanding.C>Itisstimulating.D>Itisfairlycure.

10.A>Alighterworkload.B>Freeaccommodation.

C>Movingexpens.D>Aquickpromotion.

11.A>Hehastosignalong-termcontract.

B>Hehastroubleadaptingtothelocalweather.

C>Hehastospendalotmoretravelingbackandforth.

D>Hehasdifficultycommunicatingwithlocalpeople.

12.A>Thewomansympathizeswiththeman.

B>Themanisintheprocessofjobhunting.

C>Themanisgoingtoattendajobinterview.

D>Thewomanwillhelpthemanmakeachoice.

Questions13to15arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

13.A>Toeifhecangetaloanfromthewoman'sbank.

B>Toeifhecanfindajobinthewoman'scompany.

C>Toinquireaboutthecurrentfinancialmarketsituation.

D>Toinquireabouttheinterestratesatthewoman'sbank.

14.A>Long-terminvestment.B>Anyhigh-interestdeposit.

C>Athree-monthdeposit.D>Anyhigh-yieldinvestment.

15.A>Shetreatedhimtoameal.B>Sheraidinterestratesforhim.

C>Sheofferedhimdiningcoupons.D>Shegavehimloansatlowrates.

SectionB

PassageOne

Questions16to18arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A>Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.B>Arefinedtasteforartisticworks.

C>Yearsofpracticalexperience.D>Strictprofessionaltraining.

17.A>PromotingallkindsofAmericanhand-madespecialties.

B>Strengtheningcooperationwithforeigngovernments.

C>Conductingtradeinartworkswithdealersoveras.

D>Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.

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18.A>Shehasaccesstofashionablethings.B>Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdoing.

C>Shecanenjoylifeonamodestsalary.D>Sheisfreetodowhatevershewants.

PassageTwo

Questions19to22arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A>Itsroleistoregulateinternationalcoffeeprices.

B>Itreprentsveralcountriesthatexportcoffee.

C>Itsmostimportanttaskistoconductcoffeestudies.

D>ItisaPortuguecompanyllingcoffeeinNewYork.

20.A>Theincreadcoffeeconsumption.B>Thefluctuationofcoffeeprices.

C>ThefreezingweatherinBrazil.D>Theimpactofglobalwarming.

21.A>Heisaheavycoffeedrinker.B>Heistall,richandintelligent.

C>Heisdoingabachelor'sdegree.D>Heisyoung,handsomeandsingle.

22.A>Avisittoveralcoffee-growingplantations.

B>Avacationonsomebeautifultropicalbeach.

C>Coffeepricesandhisadvertisingcampaign.

D>Aquickpromotionandahandsomeincome.

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.A>Theyweredelayedbythetrainforhours.

B>Theywerelateforthefirstmorningbus.

C>Theyboardedawrongcoachinahurry.

D>Theywereheldupinatrafficjam.

24.A>Itwaspostponedduetoterribleweather.

B>Itwasspoiledbypooraccommodations.

C>Itwasthemostexcitingtriptheyeverhad.

D>Itwascanceledbecauofanunexpectedstrike.

25.A>Gooveras.B>Stayathome.C>Takeescortedtrips.D>Takeromanticcruis.

SectionC

Whywouldananimalkillitlf?Itemsastrangequestion,andyetitisonethathas

<26>____ming〔旅鼠〕gs

periodicallycommitmass<27>____,andnooneknowsjustwhy!

Thesmall<28>____,whichinhabittheScandinavianmountains,sustainthemlvesona

eirfoodsupplyis<29>____large,

thelemmingsliveanormal,undisturbedlife.

However,whenthelemmings'foodsupplybecomestoolowtosupportthepopulation,a

singular<30>____mingsleavetheirnestsalltogetheratthesametime,

umbersofthelemmingsbeginalongandhardjourneyacrossthe

Scandinavianplains,mingateverythingintheirpath,

continuingtheir<31>____marchuntiltheyreachthea.

Thaching

thecoast,<32>____only

ashorttimebeforetheytire,sinkanddrown.

Acommontheoryforthisunusualphenomenonisthatthelemmingsdonotrealizethatthe

oceanissuch<33>____rcross-countryjourney,theanimalsmusttravermany

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smallerbodiesofwater,y<34>____thattheaisjust

anothersuchswimmable<35>____.Butnofinalanswerhasbeenfoundtothemystery.

PartIIIReadingComprehension<40minutes>

SectionA

Questions36to45arebadonthefollowingpassage.

"Thatwhichdoesnotkillusmakesusstronger."Butparentscan'thandleitwhenteenagers

putthis36____hnologyhasbecomethenewfieldfortheage-oldbattle

betweenadultsandtheirfreedom-ekingkids.

Lockedindoors,unabletogetontheirbicyclesandhangoutwiththeirfriends,teenshave

teydoonline

often37____whattheymightotherwidoiftheirmobilityweren'tsoheavily38____intheage

mediaandsmart-phoneappshavebecomesopopularinrecent

ntthefreedomto39____theiridentity

dof40____out,theyjumponline.

Asteenshavemovedonline,parentshaveprojectedtheirfearsontotheInternet,imagining

allthe41____dangersthatyouthmightface一from42____strangerstocruelpeerstopicturesor

wordsthatcouldhauntthemonGooglefortherestoftheirlives.

Ratherthanhelpingteensdevelopstrategiesfornegotiatingpubliclifeandtherisksof43

____withothers,fear-fullparentshavefocudontracking,

tactics〔策略〕don'thelpteensdeveloptheskillstheyneedtomanagecomplexsocialsituations,

44____risksandgethelpwhenthey'reintrouble."Protecting"kidsmayfeelliketherightthingto

do,butit45____thelearningthatteensneedtodoastheycomeofageinatechnology-soaked

world.

A>asssB>constrainedC>containsD>explore

E>influenceF>interactingG>interpretationH>magnified

I>mirrorsJ>philosophyK>potentialL>sneaking

M>stickingN>underminesO>violent

SectionB

InequalityIsNotInevitable

[A]rythatexperienced

sharedgrowthafterWorldWarIIbegantotearapart,somuchsothatwhentheGreatRecession

hitinlate2007,onecouldnolongerignorethedivisionthathadcometodefinetheAmerican

this"shiningcityonahill"becometheadvancedcountrywiththe

greatestlevelofinequality?

[B]Overthepastyearandahalf,TheGreatdivide,ariesinTheNewYorkTimes,hasprented

awiderangeofexamplesthatunderminethenotionthatthereareanytrulyfundamentallawsof

amicsoftheimperialcapitalismofthe19thcenturyneedn'tapplyinthe

'tneedtohavethismuchinequalityinAmerica.

[C]ofofthisgobacktoourrespon

totheGreatRecession,wherewesocializedloss,t

competitionshoulddriveprofitstozero,atleasttheoretically,butwehavemonopoliesmaking

incomesthatareonaverage295timesthatofthetypical

worker,amuchhigherratiothaninthepast,withoutanyevidenceofaproportionateincreain

productivity.

.

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[D]IfitisnotthecruellawsofeconomicsthathaveledtoAmerica'sgreatdivide,whatisit?The

straightforwardanswer:gettiredofhearingabout

Scandinaviansuccessstories,butthefactofthematteristhatSweden,FinlandandNorwayhave

allsucceededinhavingaboutasmuchorfastergrowthinpercapita〔人均的〕incomesthanthe

UnitedStatesandwithfargreaterequality.

[E]SowhyhasAmericachontheinequality-enhancingpolicies?Partoftheansweristhatas

WorldWarIIfadedintomemory,icatriumphedin

theColdWar,theredidn'tthis

internationalcompetition,wenolongerhadtoshowthatoursystemcoulddeliverformostofour

citizens.

[F]ewthewronglessonfromthecollapof

dulumswungfrommuchtoomuchgovernmenttheretomuch

ateinterestsarguedforgettingridofregulations,evenwhentho

regulationshaddonesomuchtoprotectandimproveourenvironment,oursafety,ourhealthand

theeconomyitlf.

[G]Butthisideologywashypocritical〔虚伪的〕.Thebankers,amongthestrongestadvocatesof

laisz-faire〔自由放任的〕economics,wereonlytoowillingtoaccepthundredsofbillionsof

dollarsfromthegovernmentintheaidprogramsthathavebeenarecurringfeatureoftheglobal

economysincethebeginningoftheThatcher-Reaganeraof"free"marketsandderegulation.

[H]icinequalitytranslatesinto

politicalin-equality,orate

ssmaintainssubsidiesforrichfarmers

mpanieshavebeengivenhundredsof

ksthatbroughtontheglobalfinancial

crisisgotbillionswhileatinybitwenttothehomeownersandvictimsofthesamebanks'

predatory〔掠夺性的〕ere

alternativestothrowingmoneyatthebanksandhopingitwouldcirculatethroughincread

lending.

[I]icandgeographicgregationhasimmunizedthoatthetop

ekingsofancienttimes'theyhavecometo

perceivetheirprivilegedpositionsntiallyasanaturalright.

[J]Oureconomy,e

testofaneconomyisnothowmuchwealthitsprincescanaccumulateintaxhavens〔庇护所〕,but

rageincomesarelowerthantheywereaquarter-century

hasgonetothevery,verytop,whosharehasalmostincreadfourtimessince

hatwasmeanttohavetrickled〔流淌〕downhasinsteadevaporatedintheagreeable

climateoftheCaymanIslands.

[K]WithalmostaquarterofAmericanchildrenyoungerthan5livinginpoverty,andwith

Americadoingsolittleforitspoor,thedeprivationsofonegenerationarebeingvisiteduponthe

,nocountryhavercomeclotoprovidingcompleteequalityofopportunity.

ButwhyisAmericaoneoftheadvancedcountrieswherethelifeprospectsoftheyoungaremost

sharplydeterminedbytheincomeandeducationoftheirparents?

[L]AmongthemostbitterstoriesinTheGreatDividewerethothatportrayedthefrustrationsof

theyoung,gtuitionsanddecliningincomes

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ithonlyahighschooldiplomahaveentheir

incomesdeclineby13percentoverthepast35years.

[M]Wherejusticeisconcerned,yesoftherestoftheworldand

asignificantpartofitsownpopulation,massimprisonmenthascometodefineAmerica—a

country,itbearsrepeating,withabout5percentoftheworld'spopulationbutaroundafourthof

theworld'sprisoners.

[N]Justicehasbecomeacommodity,allStreetexecutivesud

theirexpensivelawyerstoensurethattheirrankswerenotheldaccountableforthemisdeedsthat

thecrisisin2008sographicallyrevealed,thebanksabudourlegalsystemtoforeclo〔取消赎

回权〕onmortgagesandejecttenants,someofwhomdidnotevenowemoney.

[O]Morethanahalf-centuryago,AmericaledthewayinadvocatingfortheUniversal

DeclarationofHumanRights,,accesstohealthcare

isamongthemostuniversallyacceptedrights,a,despite

theimplementationoftheAffordableCareAct,eliefthatmanyfeltwhen

theSupremeCourtdidnotoverturntheAffordableCareAct,theimplicationsofthedecisionfor

are'sobjective一toensurethatallAmericanshave

accesstohealthcare—hasbeenblocked:24stateshavenotimplementedtheexpandedMedicaid

program,whichwasthemeansbywhichObamacarewassuppodtodeliveronitspromito

someofthepoorest.

[P]onstothe

marketsactlikemarketswouldbeagood

endtherent-ekingsocietywehavegravitatedtoward,inwhichthe

wealthyobtainprofitsbymanipulatingthesystem.

[Q]'sreallya

lityisnotjustaboutthetopmarginaltaxratebutalsoabout

ourchildren'entmoreoneducation,health

andinfrastructure〔基础设施〕,wewouldstrengthenoureconomy,nowandinthefuture.

ry,freecompetitionissuppodtoreducethemarginofprofitstotheminimum.

tedStatesisnowcharacterizedbyagreatdivisionbetweentherichandthepoor.

alackedtheincentivetocareforthemajorityofitscitizensasitfoundnorivalforits

economicmodel.

lthytophavecometotakeprivilegesforgranted.

amplesshowthebasiclawsofimperialcapitalismnolongerapplyinprent-day

America.

horsuggestsareturntothetruespiritofthemarket.

eroftheworld'sprisonerpopulationisinAmerica.

mentregulationinAmericawentfromoneextremetotheotherinthepasttwo

decades.

ehasbecomesoexpensivethatonlyasmallnumberofpeoplelikecorporateexecutives

canaffordit.

tryintheworldsofarhasbeenabletoprovidecompletelyequalopportunitiesforall.

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage.

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I'lladmitI'veneverquiteunderstoodtheobssion〔难以破除的成见〕surrounding

geneticallymodifiedronmentalistopponents,GMfoodsaresimplyevil,an

understudied,possiblyharmfultooludbybigagriculturalbusinesstocontrolglobaled

guethatGMfoodshaveneverdeliveredontheir

suppodpromi,thatmoneyspentonGMcropswouldbebetterchanneledtoorganicfarming

andthatconsumersshouldbeprotectedwithwarninglabelsonanyproductsthatcontain

orters,GMcropsareakeypartoftheeffortto

ethanthat,supporterse

theGMoppositionofmanyenvironmentalistsasfundamentallyanti-science,nodifferentthan

thowhoquestionthebasicsofman-madeclimatechange.

Forbothsides,GMfoodsemtoactasasymbol:you'repro-agriculturalbusinessor

enceixactlywhatweneedmoreofwhenitcomestoGMfoods,whichis

whyIwashappy

conclusion:whileGMcropshaven'tyetrealizedtheirinitialpromiandhavebeendominatedby

agriculturalbusiness,thereisreasontocontinuetouanddevelopthemtohelpmeetthe

enormouschallengeofsustainablyfeedingagrowingplanet.

Thatdoesn'tmeanGMcropsareperfect,oraone-size-fits-allsolutiontoglobalagriculture

thingthatcanincreafarmingefficiency一theamountofcropswecan

produceperacreofland一scanandalmostcertainlywillbe

partofthatsuiteoftools'butsowilltraditionalplantbreeding,improvedsoilandcrop

management一andperhapsmostimportantofall,betterstorageandtransportinfrastructure〔基

础设施〕,especiallyinthedevelopingworld.

sub-SaharanAfricatoproducemorefoodiftheycan'tgetittohungryconsumers.>I'dliketoe

morenon-industryrearchdoneonGMcrops—notjustbecauwe'dworrylessaboutbias,but

alsobecauedcompanieslikeMonsantoandPioneershouldn'tbetheonlyentitiesworkingto

harnessgeneticmodification.I'dliketoeGMrearchonlesscommercialcrops,likecom.I

don'tthinkit'svitaltolabelGMingredientsinfood,butIalsowouldn'tbeagainstit一and

industrywouldbesmarttogoalongwithlabeling,justasawayofremovingfearsaboutthe

technology.

Mostofall,though,Iwishatenthoftheenergythat'sspentendlesslydebatingGMcropswas

remuchbiggerbattlesto

fight.

nvironmentalistopponentsviewGMfoodsaccordingtothepassage?

A>Theywilleventuallyruinagricultureandtheenvironment.

B>Theyareudbybigbusinesstomonopolizeagriculture.

C>Theyhaveprovedpotentiallyharmfultoconsumers'health.

D>Theypoatremendousthreattocurrentfarmingpractice.

estheauthorsayisvitaltosolvingthecontroversybetweenthetwosidesofthe

debate?

A>BreakingtheGMfoodmonopoly.B>Morefriendlyexchangeofideas.

C>RegulatingGMfoodproduction.D>MorescientificrearchonGMcrops.

themainpointoftheNaturearticles?

A>FeedingthegrowingpopulationmakesitimperativetodevelopGMcrops.

B>PopularizingGMtechnologywillhelpittoliveuptoitsinitialpromis.

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C>MeasuresshouldbetakentoensurethesafetyofGMfoods.

D>Bothsupportersandopponentsshouldmakecompromis.

theauthor'sviewonthesolutiontoagriculturalproblems?

A>IthastodependmoreandmoreonGMtechnology.

B>Itisvitaltothesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.

C>GMcropsshouldbealloweduntilbetteralternativesarefound.

D>Whateverisufultoboostfarmingefficiencyshouldbeencouraged.

estheauthorthinkoftheongoingdebatearoundGMcrops?

A>Itarisoutofignoranceofandprejudiceagainstnewscience.

B>Itdistractsthepublicattentionfromotherkeyissuesoftheworld.

C>Effortsspentonitshouldbeturnedtomoreurgentissuesofagriculture.

D>Neithersideislikelytogiveinuntilmoreconvincingevidenceisfound.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Earlydecision—youapplytooneschool,andadmissionisbinding—emslikeagreat

sletinahigherpercentageofearly-decisionapplicants,

oudo,you'redonewith

tmoststudentsandparentsdon'trealizeisthat

schoolshavehiddenmotivesforofferingearlydecision.

Earlydecision,sinceit'sbinding,allowsschoolstofilltheirclasswithqualifiedstudents;it

allowsad-missionscommitteestolectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollege

givesschoolsahigheryieldrate,whichisoftenudas

oneofthewaystomeasurecollegelectivityandpopularity.

Theproblemisthatthisprocesffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshaveto

egularadmissions,

niorshaveuntilMay1tochoowhichschooltoattend;earlydecisioneffectivelystealssix

monthsfromthem,monthsthatcouldbeudtovisitmoreschools,domorerearch,speakto

currentstudentsandalumni〔校友〕andarguablymakeamoreinformeddecision.

Thereare,frankly,anastonishingnumberofexceptionalcollegesinAmerica,andforany

givenstudent,udentsbecometoofixated

〔专注〕onaparticularschoolearlyintheadmissionsprocess,thatfixationcanleadtovere

disappointmentiftheydon'tgetinor,iftheydo,thepossibilitythattheyarenowboundtogotoa

schoolthat,giventimeforfurtherreflection,maynotactuallyberightforthem.

Insofaraarlydecisionoffersagenuineadmissiondge,thatadvantagegoeslargelyto

dentswhouearlydecisiontendtobe

thowhohavereceivedhigher-qualitycollegeguidance,usuallyaresultofcomingfromamore

regard,there'sanargumentagainstearlydecision,asstudentsfrom

lower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoften

confusingearlydeadlines.

Studentswhohavedonetheirrearchandareconfidentthatthere'soneschooltheywould

bethrilledtogetintoshould,underthecurrentsystem,

forstudentswhohaven'tyetdoneenoughrearch,orwhoarestillconstantlychangingtheir

mindsonfavoriteschools,theearly-decisionsystemneedlesslyandprematurelynarrowsthefield

ofpossibilityjustatatimewhenstudentsshouldbeopeningthemlvestoawholerangeof

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thrillingoptions.

estudentsobligedtodounderearlydecision?

A>Lookintoalotofschoolsbeforetheyapply.B>Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.

C>Thinktwicebeforetheyaccepttheoffer.D>Consultthecurrentstudentsandalumni.

choolsofferearlydecision?

A>Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.

B>Toavoidcompetitionwithothercolleges.

C>Toprovidemoreopportunitiesforapplicants.

D>Tosavestudentstheagonyofchoosingaschool.

saidtobetheproblemwithearlydecisionforstudents?

A>Itmakestheirapplicationprocessmorecomplicated.

B>Itplacestoohighademandontheirrearchability.

C>Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.

D>Itexertsmuchmorepsychologicalpressureonthem.

somepeopleoppodtoearlydecision?

A>Itinterfereswithstudents'learninginhighschool.

B>Itisbiadagainststudentsatordinaryhighschools.

C>Itcausunnecessaryconfusionamongcollegeapplicants.

D>Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.

estheauthoradvicollegeapplicantstodo?

A>Refrainfromcompetingwithstudentsfromprivilegedfamilies.

B>Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.

C>Findsufficientinformationabouttheirfavoriteschools.

D>Lookbeyondthefewsuppodlythrillingoptions.

PartIVTranslation<30minutes>

20##是中国城市化〔urbanization〕进程中的历史性时刻,其城市人口首次超过农村人口.

在未来20年里,预计有3.5亿农村人口将移居城市.如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是

挑战,也是机遇.中国政府一直提倡"以人为本〞的发展理念,强调人们以公交而不是私家车出

行.它还号召建设"资源节约和环境友好型〞社会.有了这个明确的目标,中国城市就可以更好

地规划其发展,并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上.

2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题〔第三套〕

听力同第二套

PartIII

SectionA

Questions36to45arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Travelwebsiteshavebeenaroundsincethe1990s,whenExpedia,Travelocity,andother

holidaybookingsiteswerelaunched,allowingtravelerstocompareflightandhotelpriceswiththe

formationnolonger36____bytravelagentsorhiddeninbusiness

networks,thetravelindustrywasrevolutionized,asgreatertransparencyhelped37____prices.

Today,theindustryisgoingthroughanewrevolution—thistimetransformingrvicequality.

Onlineratingplatforms—38____inhotels,restaurants,apartments,andtaxis—allowtravelersto

exchangereviewsandexperiencesforalltoe.

Hospitalitybusinessarenowranked,analyzed,andcomparednotbyindustry39____,but

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bytheverypeopleforwhomtherviceisintended—s40____anew

ershavealwaysvotedwiththeirfeet;theycannow

ult,businessaremuchmore41____,

ofteninveryspecificways,whichcreatespowerful42____toimprovervice.

Althoughsomereadersmightnotcareforgossipyreportsofunfriendlybellboys〔行李员〕in

BerlinormalfunctioninghotelhairdryersinHouston,thetruepowerofonlinereviewsliesnotjust

intheindividualstories,butinthewebsites'43____toaggregatealargevolumeofratings.

Theimpactcannotbe44____.Businessthatattracttopratingscanenjoyrapidgrowth,as

newcustomersareattractedbygoodreviewsand45____

greatistheinfluenceofonlineratingsthatmanycompaniesnowhiredigitalreputationmanagers

toensureafavorableonlineidentity.

A>accountableB>capacityC>controlledD>entail

E>forgedF>incentivesG>occasionallyH>overstated

I>persistingJ>pessimisticK>professionalsL>slash

M>specializingN>spectatorsO>subquently

SectionB

PlasticSurgery

Abettercreditcardisthesolutiontoeverlargerhackattacks

[A]Athinmagneticstripeisallthatstandsbetweenyourcredit-cardinformationand

y''swhy2014isshapingupasa

majorshowdown:banks,lawenforcementandtechnologycompaniesarealltryingtostopa

networkofhackerswhoaresucceedinginstealingaccountnumbers,names,emailaddressand

an100millionaccountsatTarget,NeimanMarcus

andMichaelsstoreswereaffectedinsomewayduringthemostrecentattacks,startinglast

November.

[B]Swipe〔刷卡〕istheoperativeword:cardsareincreasinglyvulnerabletoattackswhenyou

ralrecentincidents,hackershavebeenabletoobtainmassive

informationofcredit-,debit-〔借记〕orprepaid-cardnumbersusingmalware,ous

software,inrtedcretlyintotheretailers'point-of-salesystem—s

thensoldt

longafter,thestolendatawasshowinguponfakecardsandbeingudforonlinepurchas.

[C]Thesolutioncouldcostaslittleas$isa

mericancreditcardsuthe40-year-old

magstripetechnologytoprocesstransactions,muchoftherestoftheworldussmartercards

withatechnologycalledEMVthatemploysachip

embeddedinthecardplusacustomerPINtoauthenticate〔验

证〕charfailstopunchinthecorrectPINatthecheckout,

thetransactiongetsrejected.

code.>

[D]Whyhaven'tbigbanksadoptedthemorecuretechnology?Whenitcomestomailingout

newcreditcards,it'sallaboutrelativecosts,saysDavidRobertson,whorunstheNihonReport,an

industrynewsletter:"Thecostofthecard,puttingthestickeronit,codingtheaccountnumberand

expirationdate,embossing〔凸印〕it,thesmallenvelop—allputtogether,youareinthedollar

range."Achip-and-PINcardcurrentlycostsclorto$3,saysRobertson,becauofthepriceof

.

18/19

chips.

[E]Multiply$3bythemorethan5billionmagstripecreditandprepaidcardsincirculationinthe

nsiderthatthere'sanestimated$12.4billionincardfraudonaglobalbasis'says

44%ofthatintheU.S.,Americancredit-cardfraudamountstoabout$5.5billion

suershavesofarcalculatedthatabsorbingtheliabilityforevenbighackslikethe

Targetoneisstillcheaperthanreplacingallthatplastic.

[F]ThatleavesAmericanretailersprettymuchalonetheworldoverinrelyingonmagstripe

technologytochargepurchas—gstripehasthree

tracksofinformation,explainspaymentscurityexpertJeremyGumbley,thechieftechnology

officerofCreditCall,standthirdareudbythebankor

talaccountinformationlivesonthecondtrack,whichhackerstrytocapture.

"Malwareisscanningthroughthememoryinrealtimeandlookingfordata,"hesays."Itcreatesa

textfilethatgetsstolen."

[G]Chip-and-PINcards,bycontrast,makefakecardsorskimmingimpossiblebecauthe

informationthatgetsscannedincrypted〔加密〕.ckwith

magstripe,ironicallyenough,ap,ultra-reliablewired

ce,cardcompanies

createdEMVinpartbecauthetelephonemonopolywassomaddeninglyinefficientand

solutionallowedtransactionstobeverifiedlocallyandcurely.

[H]Somebigbanks,likeWellsFargo,arenowofferingtoconvertyourmagstripecardtoa

chip-and-PINmodel.

ntsdon'thaveEMVterminals.>Shouldyoutakethemuponit?Ifyoutravel

internationally,theanswerisyes.

[I]Keepinmind,too,that

someoneusyourcreditcardfraudulently〔欺诈性地〕it'stheissuerormerchant,notyou,that

ardshavedifferentliabilitylimitsdependingonthebankandtheevents

surroundinganyfraud."Ifit'savailable,thelogicalthingistogetachip-and-PINcardfromyour

bank,"saysEricAdamowsky,aco-founderofCreditCardInsider."Iwoulducreditcards

overdebitcardsbecauofliabilityissues."Cashstillworksprettywelltoo.

[J]Retailersandbanksstandtobenefitfromthelowerfraudlevelsofchip-and-PINcardsbuthave

beenreluctantforyearstoinvestinthenewinfrastructure〔基础设施〕neededforthetechnology,

especiallyifconsumersdon''sachicken-and-eggproblem;noonewantsto

spendthemoneyonupgradedpoint-of-salesystemsthatcanreadthechipcardsifshoppersaren't

carryingthem一yetthere'slittlepointinconsumers'carryingthefancyplasticifstoresaren't

equippedtouthem.

progress.>AccordingtoGumbley,there'sa"jam〔僵局〕hastobe

broken."

[K]JPMorganChaCEOJamieDimonrecentlyexpresdhiswillingnesstodoso,notingthat

banksandmerchantshavespentthepastdecadesuingeachotheroverinterchangefees—the

percentageofthetransactionpricetheykeep-ratherthandealwiththegrowinghackingproblem.

Chaoffersachip-enabledcardunderitsownbrandandveralothersfortravel-related

companiessuchasBritishAirwaysandRitz-Carlton.

[L]TheTargetandNeimanhackshavealsochangedthecostcalculation:althoughretailershave

beenreluctanttospendthe$6.75billionthatCapgeminiconsultantstimateitwilltaketo

.

19/19

convertalltheirregisterstobechip-and-PIN-compatible,thepotentialliabilitytheynowfaceis

hasbeenhitwithclassactionsfromhackedconsumers."It'sthe

ultimatenightmare,"aretailexecutivefromawell-knownchainadmittedtoTIME.

[M]T

firmshavewarnedallpartiesinthetransactionchain一merchant,network,bank一thatifthey

don'tbecomeEMV-compliantbyOctober2015,thepartythatisleastcompliantwillbearthe

fraudrisk.

[N]Inthemeantime,app-equippedsmartphonesanddigitalwallets—allofwhichcanuEMV

technology—arebeginningtomakeinroads〔侵袭〕,forinstance,is

testinganappthatletsyouuyourmobilephonetopayontheflyatlocalmerchants—without

therdowntheroadisbiometricauthentication,

whichcouldbeencryptedwith,say,afingerprint.

[O]Creditanddebitcards,though,aregoingtobewithusfortheforeeablefuture,andsoare

hackers,ifwestickwithmagstripetechnology."Itemscrazytome,"saysGumbley,whois

English,"thatacutting-edge-technologycountryisdependingona40-year-oldtechnology."

That'bertson:

‘‘Whenyougettheconsumerintoapositionofworryandinconvenience,that'swheretherubber

hitstheroad."

'sbesttouanEMVcardforinternationaltravel.

alinformationoncreditanddebitcardsisincreasinglyvulnerabletohacking.

nchcardcompaniesadoptedEMVtechnologypartlybecauofinefficienttelephone

rvice.

anycountriesuthesmarterEMVcards,lingstoitsoldmagstripe

technology.

tsarebeingmadetopreventhackersfromcarryingoutidentitytheft.

cardsaremuchsafertouthandebitcards.

kshavebeenreluctanttoswitchtomorecuretechnologybecauofthehighercosts

involved.

entialliabilityforretailersusingmagstripeisfarmorecostlythanupgradingtheir

registers.

ofmagstripecardsbyAmericanretailersleavesconsumerxpodtotherisksof

losingaccountinformation.

erswillbeadrivingforcebehindtheconversionfrommagstripetoEMVtechnology.

仔细阅读实际只考了两套

PartIVTranslation

汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一.汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就.它最先向其他文

化敞开大门,对外贸易兴旺.汉朝开拓的丝網之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马.各类艺术一派繁荣,

涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著.公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成,收入9000个字,提

供释义并列举不同的写法.其间,科技方面也取得了很大进步,发明了纸X、水钟、日暴

以与测量地震的仪器.汉朝历经400年,但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡.