十四英文

莎士比亚的第18首十四行诗的英文赏析

我能否将你比作夏天？

你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，

夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那丽日当空，

转眼会云雾迷蒙。

休叹那百花飘零，

催折于无常的天命。

唯有你永恒的夏日常新，

你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁，

你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，

这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌，二是歌颂了诗歌

艺术的不朽力量。其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻，但又自然而生动。

Sonnet18,oftenalternatelytitledShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?,isoneofthe

best-knownof1

oftheFairYouthquence(whichcomprissonnets1-126intheacceptednumberingstemming

fromthefirsteditionin1609),itisthefirstofthecycleaftertheopeningquencenowdescribed

holarsnowagreethattheoriginalsubjectofthepoem,the

belovedtowhomthepoetiswriting,isamale,thoughthepoemiscommonlyudtodescribea

woman.

Inthesonnet,thepoetcompareshisbelovedtothesummerason,andarguesthathisbelovedis

talsostatesthathisbelovedwillliveonforeverthroughthewordsofthepoem.

ScholarshavefoundparallelswithinthepoemtoOvid'sTristiaandAmores,bothofwhichhave

18iswritteninthetypicalShakespeareansonnetform,having14linesof

edexegeshaverevealedveraldouble

meaningswithinthepoem,givingitagreaterdepthofinterpretation.

istsofthreequatrainsfollowedby

acouplet,andhasthecharacteristicrhymescheme:mcarriesthe

chansonnetstypicallydiscusdtheloveand

beautyofabeloved,oftenanunattainablelove,butnotalways.[5]Italsocontainsavolta,orshift

inthepoem'ssubjectmatter,beginningwiththethirdquatrain.

mstartswithalineofadorationtothe

beloved—"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?"Thespeakerthengoesontosaythatthe

belovedbeingdescribedisboth"morelovelyandmoretemperate"thanasummer'

oshort—"summer'sleahathall

tooshortadate"—andsometimesthesunshinestoohot—"Sometimetoohottheeyeofheaven

shines."However,thebelovedbeingdescribedhasbeautythatwilllastforever,unlikethefleeting

beautyofasummer'inghislove'sbeautyintotheformofpoetry,thepoetis

prervingitforeverbythepowerofhiswrittenwords."Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescan

e,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee."Thehopeisthatthetwoloverscanliveon,if

notthroughchildren,thenthroughthepoemsbroughtforthbytheirlovewhich,unlikechildren,

willnotfade

withthefirstntence,put"you"and"Summer"as

aanalogy,comparethecondlineoftheinitialdetermination:Areyoumorelovelythanthe

summer,ferenceisduetoproduc

ically,thefirstlineof3.4.5.6.7.8enumeratedthe

"summer"allkindsofregrets,and9.10.11.12.13.14linetellsthe"you"allkindsofadvantages

comparedtothenaturaldrawafinalconclusion:"You"isfarbetterthan"Summer,""you"becau

inhispoetrybetweenthelinesbutalsohasalife,teworthyisthever

13and14arealso,byanalogyemphasizedthe"eternalnature."Throughoutthepoem,thepoet

freelytothe"you"talk,itemsthat"you"isalivingperson,tolistentohisvoice,understanding

poemcanbesaidtobepeopleintheapplicationoftechniquesbadonthe

m"You"referstoanobject,academia,therearetwoexplanations,oneviewis

thatitreferstobeauty,t

scholarspreferthelatter.

OneofthebestknownofShakespeare’ssonnets,Sonnet18ismemorablefortheskillfuland

variedprentationofsubjectmatter,inwhichthepoet’sfeelingsreachalevelofraptureunen

thereabandonshisquestfortheyouthtohaveachild,andinstead

gloriesintheyouth’sbeauty.

Onthesurface,thepoemissimplyastatementofpraiaboutthebeautyofthebeloved;summer

tendstounpleasantextremesofwindinessandheat,butthebelovedisalwaysmildandtemperate.

Summerisincidentallypersonifiedasthe"eyeofheaven"withits"goldcomplexion";theimagery

throughoutissimpleandunaffected,withthe"darlingbudsofMay"givingwaytothe"eternal

summer",guage,too,iscomparativelyunadorned

forthesonnets;itisnotheavywithalliterationorassonance,andnearlyeverylineisitsown

lf-containedclau--almosteverylineendswithsomepunctuation,whicheffectsapau.

Initially,thepoetposaquestion―”ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?”―andthen

reflectsonit,remarkingthattheyouth’sbeautyfarsurpasssummer’geryis

theveryesnceofsimplicity:“wind”and“buds.”Inthefourthline,legalterminology―”

summer’slea”―isintroducedincontrasttothecommonplaceimagesinthefirstthreelines.

Notealsothepoet’suofextremesinthephras“morelovely,”“alltooshort,”and“too

hot”;thephramphasizetheyoungman’sbeauty.

Althoughlines9through12aremarkedbyamoreexpansivetoneanddeeperfeeling,thepoet

xpectsinShakespeare’ssonnets,the

propositionthatthepoettsupinthefirsteightlines―thatallnatureissubjecttoimperfection―

isnowcontrastedinthenextfourlinesbeginningwith“But.”Althoughbeautynaturally

declinesatsomepoint―”Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines”―theyouth’sbeautywill

not;hisunchangingappearanceisatypicalofnature’athisimpotent

againsttheyouth’eambiguityinthephra“eternallines”:Arethe“lines”

thepoet’sversortheyouth’shoped-forchildren?Oraretheysimplywrinklesmeantto

reprenttheprocessofaging?Whatevertheanswer,thepoetisjubilantinthissonnetbecau

nothingthreatenstheyoungman’sbeautifulappearance.

Sonnet18isthefirstpoeminthesonnetsnottoexplicitlyencouragetheyoungmantohave

"procreation"quenceofthefirst17sonnetndedwiththespeaker'srealization

thattheyoungmanmightnotneedchildrentoprervehisbeauty;hecouldalsolive,thespeaker

writesattheendofSonnet17,"inmyrhyme."Sonnet18,then,isthefirst"rhyme"--thespeaker's

firstattempttoprervetheyoungman'rtantthemeofthesonnet(as

itisanimportantthemethroughoutmuchofthequence)isthepowerofthespeaker'spoemto

defytimeandlastforever,

beloved's"eternalsummer"shallnotfadeprecilybecauitimbodiedinthesonnet:"Solong

asmencanbreatheoreyescane,"thespeakerwritesinthecouplet,"Solonglivesthis,andthis

giveslifetothee."

大多数莎学家认为，是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。

这首诗一开始，便用了夏天、五月的花苞和太阳，这些时间空间里最美好的事物，来和

好友相比，认为它们都有一定的局限，不及好友。从总的方面相较，好友比夏天更可爱更温

和；具体地说，夏季的花--五月的花苞易被狂风吹落，夏日的太阳过分炽热，又常被遮暗。

在比较中，进而指出一切美的事物，随着时光的流转、自然的变化，终难避免凋落。你虽胜

过鲜花与夏阳，但是你那俊美的仪容仍有销蚀之虞。怎么办呢？诗是永恒的，只有把你写入

我的诗中，你才会在这不朽的艺术里得到永生。你那俊美的仪容不会失去，你的永恒之夏也

不会褪色。人们只要能呼吸、有感受，就会从诗中赏识到你的美，就连死神也不能夸说，说

你在他的阴影里面走着。

这首诗善作比拟，且结构严谨而多层次。先以夏与好友相比，继而由夏花、夏阳之局限，

带出好友的俊美仪容，这造化之功，同样会随自然而变化而流转；只有诗是不朽的，你也只

有在诗里才能获得永生。

诗人将自己的心上人比作夏日的一天，又指出夏天其实没有那么完美，夏天不光完美，还有

狂风、骄阳和阴暗；诗人接着又说任何美丽都会时过境迁，而只要这些诗篇流传，她就永远

活在人们心间。

莎士比亚体的十四行诗为五音步抑扬格,也就是在一个诗行中有10个音节,每两个音节是

一个音步,共有五个音步。每个音步里的两个