动词后加-ing的规矩
1.英语动词加-ing,平日是在本相词尾直接加-ing组成:
cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—
fighting
2.以-e结尾的动词
(1)假如动词本相以一子音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去
失落e再加ing:
write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—
staring,plane—planing,have—having,save—saving,
produce—producing,breathe—breathing
(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去失落,将i变成y然后再加
-ing:
die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying
(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保存词尾e:
e—eing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—
agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing
(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:
sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—
construing,pursue—pursuing,
rue—ruing
有时,词尾e可去失落也可保存:
glue—gluing或glueing,cue—cuing或cueing,blue—
blueing或bluing,
true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing
3.以一元音加一子音结尾的动词
(1)假如动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母须要
反复:
run—running,stop—stopping,hop—hopping,plan—
planning,star—starring,control—controlling但子音x是
个破例,无需反复(x其
实起着两个子音的感化):
tax—taxing,relax—relaxing
(2)假如动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有
时也反复:
kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或
programing
(3)假如动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大
多无需反复:
open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些
动词中,反复或不反复均可:
worship—worshiping或worshipping,focus—focusing或
focussing,cancel—canceling或cancelling,travel—
traveling或travelling
以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于反复词
尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不反复1.
4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(y或w)结尾,可直接加-
ing:
pay—paying,throw—throwing,follow—following,
draw—drawing,employ—employing
5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:
frolic—frolicking,panic—panicking,mimic—
mimicking,picnic—picnicking,traffic—trafficking
这主如果为在动词后加-ing之后保存/k/这个音.若不在字母
c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母c的发音就不再是/k/,而是
/s/:
其实,保持发音不变是英语中的一条一般规矩.再如,在-ing前
面无论是增长.保存照样去失落一个字母,都偏向于保存本来的长
元音或短元音的发音:
hoping与hoppingstaring与starringplaying与planning
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