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一、副词的类型

副词的类型

副词大体上可以分为下面几类：

时间副词adverbsoftime

地点副词adverbsoftime

方式副词adverbsofmanner

程度副词adverbsofdegree

强调副词emphasizingadverbs

疑问副词interrogativeadverbs

连接副词conjunctiveadverbs

关系副词relativeadverbs

句子副词ntenceadverbs

其他副词

时间副词

时间副词有三类：

表示发生时间的副词：

Ihaven’tenherrecently.

It’sbeginningtorainnow.

常见的这类副词如：

ago,before,justnow,lastnight,lately,later(on),now,recently,

sofar,then,today,tomorrow,tonight,yesterday

表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词（adverbsoffrequency）：

Hevisitsmeoccasionally.

Irarelymethim.

这类副词常见的有：

always,constantly,continually,continuously,ever,frequently,generally,hardly,

much,never,normally,occasionally,often,periodically,rarely,regularly,

repeatedly,ldom,sometimes,usually

还有一些其他表示时间的副词：

Nancywasupearly.

Hejusthadanoperation.

常见的这类副词有：

already,early,finally,first,immediately,just,late,long,prently,

rightaway,shortly,since,soon,yet

地点副词

有不少表示地点的副词：

Sheisstudyingabroad.

Theymoveddowntown.

abroad,ahead,anywhere,ashore,away,clo(by),downstairs,downtown,eastward,elwhere,

everywhere,halfway,here,home,indoors,nearby,nextdoor,northward,nowhere,offshore,

outdoors,overhead,overas,somewhere,southward,there,

underground,upstairs,uptown,westward

还有一些与介词同形的副词，有时称作副词小品词（adverbparticles），如：

abroad,about,above,across,along,around,behind,below,beneath,beyond,down,in,inside,

near,off,on,out,outside,over,past,round,throughout,underneath,up

这类副词和介词同形，带宾语时为介词，否则为副词：

介词副词

p.

dflewoff.

Don’dquitenear.

还有另外一些地点副词，表示地区范围，如：

Wehavenoshopslocally.

Thepresident’sspeechwasbroadcastnationally.

常见的这类副词有：

globally,internationally,locally,nationally,universally,widely,worldwide

此外，以where构成的副词也很常用:

Let’sgoanywherewhereit’squiet.

Helivessomewhereintheneighborhood.

Theflowersarebloomingeverywhere.

方式副词

英语中有大量的方式副词，说明行为的方式：

Hewasobviouslyverynervousandforsomeminutestoodawkwardlybeforethemicrophone.

Thefilmvividlyshowsthestarkrealitiesoflifeforthepoorandhungry.

下面是一些-ly结尾的这类副词：

abruptly,accurately,awkwardly,badly,beautifully,brightly,brilliantly,briskly,carefully,carelessly,

causally,cheerfully,cloly,clumsily,comfortably,consistently,conveniently,correctly,

dangerously,delicately,differently,distinctly,dramatically,effectively,efficiently,evenly,explicitly,

faintly,faithfully,fiercely,finely,firmly,fluently,formally,frankly,freely,gently,gracefully,hastily,

heavily,honestly,hurriedly,intently,meticulously,neatly,nicely,oddly,patiently,peacefully,

peculiarly,perfectly,plainly,pleasantly,politely,poorly,professionally,properly,quietly,rapidly,

readily,roughly,ruthlessly,curely,nsibly,sharply,silently,simply,smoothly,softly,splendidly,

steadily,strangely,subtly,superbly,swiftly,systematically,tenderly,thoroughly,thoughtfully,

tightly,truthfully,urgently,vaguely,vigorously,violently,vividly,voluntarily,warmly,willingly,

wonderfully,

还有一些表示情绪的副词:

Theboyconfidentlypuffedouthischest.

SheeagerlyembracedtheofferofatriptoEurope.

下面是一些常见的这类副词：

angrily,anxiously,bitterly,boldly,calmly,cheerfully,confidently,desperately,eagerly,excitedly,

furiously,gladly,gloomily,gratefully,happily,helplessly,hopefully,hopelessly,impatiently,

mirably,nervously,passionately,proudly,reluctantly,sadly,shyly,sincerely,uncomfortably,

uneasily,wearily

还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的情况，如：

Theprocesswascontrolledautomatically.

Theytraffickedinsmuggledgoodsopenly.

常见的这类副词有：

accidently,artificially,automatically,collectively,deliberately,directly,duly,illegally,

independently,indirectly,individually,innocently,instinctively,involuntarily,jointly,legally,

logically,mechanically,naturally,officially,openly,overtly,personally,politically,privately,

publicly,scientifically,cretly,specially,symbolically

大部分方式副词都由形容词加-ly词尾构成，但也有少数副词不是这样构成的，如：

Hespokeimpromptu.他即席做了演讲。

Shewastoflysolothenextday.

程度副词和强调副词

程度副词可以修饰动词，表示“到某种程度“，如：

I’mextremelydisappointedinhim.

Helovedhismotherdearly.

这类副词常有的有：

absolutely,adequately,almost,altogether,amazingly,awfully,badly,completely,considerably,

dearly,deeply,drastically,dreadfully,enormously,entirely,exceedingly,excessively,extensively,

extremely,fairly,fully,greatly,half,highly,immenly,incredibly,intenly,largely,moderately,

nearly,partly,perfectly,poorly,practically,pretty,profoundly,purely,quite,rather,really,

reasonably,remarkably,significantly,simply,slightly,somewhat,soundly,strongly,sufficiently,

supremely,surprisingly,terribly,totally,tremendously,truly,utterly,very,virtually,well,

wonderfully

这类副词还可以修饰形容词（a），或其他副词（b）：

simple相当简单highlyconfidential高度机密的

awfullysorry非常抱歉ratherdifficult

utterlyunreasonable极不合理perfectlyclear十分清楚

smoothly相当顺利地wonderfulwell好极了

runprettyfast跑得相当快doitveryquickly

actquiteright做得完全对reactsomewhatdifferently反应有些不同

强调副词和程度副词很相近，有些就是成都副词。他们主要对所修饰的动词（a）或形容词

（b）加以强调：

absolutelynothing.

Hisattitudesimplyamazesme.

’reentirelywrong.

Thefoodisjustwonderful.

这类副词主要是：

absolutely,completely,entirely,just,outright,perfectly,positively,purely,quite,really,simply,

totally,truly,utterly

much是一个特殊的成都副词，它可以：

a.修饰动词（特别是用在否定句中）：

Shedidn’ttalkmuch.

Idon’tmuchliketheidea.

b.修饰形容词等：

I’mnotmuchgoodatsinging.

I’mverymuchafraidthatshewon’tcome.

c.和形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用：

Yousingmuchbetterthanme.

Theirhouismuchnicerthanours.

d.和how,so,too等词连用：

Sheismuchtoobusytoevisitors.

Hewouldsomuchliketogo.

better,wor,best,worst等也可用作程度副词：

Perhapstheylikeyoubetterthanme.

Thewindwasblowingwor.

Everybirdlikesitsownnestbest.

It’stheoldandthepoorwhosufferworstwhensubsidiesarecut.

疑问副词、连接副词和关系副词

疑问副词：

疑问副词用来引起一个特殊疑问句：

how:

Howisthewordspelt?

Howdidyouclimbtothetopofthatbuilding?

Where:

Wheredidshegetthenews?

Whereareyougoingforyourholidays?

When:

Whendidthathappen?

WhendidyoulasteMargaret?

Why:

Whyshouldyoubesointerestedinmyaffairs?

Whywereyoulate?

连接副词：

连接副词的意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但在句中引起一个从句或不定式：

How:

Thisishowwebecameacquainted.

Howallthishappenedwasmystery.

Hedoesn’tknowhowtouthecomputer.

Tellmehowtospellit.

Where:

Idon’tknowwherehelives.

It’snobusinessofyourswhereIspendmysummer.

Ican’tdecidewheretogoformyholidays.

When:

Tellmewhenyou’llbeready.

Whenshe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.

Tellmewhentouthisconstruction.

Why:

That’swhyIcamehere.

Whyhediditwillremainapuzzleforever.

Tellmewhyyoudidit.

关系副词：

关系副词引起一个（关系）从句作定语：

Where：

WethenmovedtoParis,wherehelivedforsixyears.

That’sthehotelwherewestayedlastsummer.

When:

TheQueen’slastvisitwasinMay,whensheopenedthenewhospital.

AtthetimewhenIsawhim,hewaswell.

Why:

Thereasonwhyhecameisnotveryconvincing.

ThatisthereasonwhyIcamesoearly.

句子副词

有些副词并不修饰动词，而是修饰整个句子，反映说话人的看法，例如：

Frankly,I’mafraidyourmotherwillbealittledisappointed.

Honestly,Idon’tknow.

Luckily,shewasinwhenIcalled.

Surprisingly,shehasmarriedagain.

这类副词常见的有：

absurdly,admittedly,anyway,astonishingly,coincidently,conveniently,curiously,fortunately,

happily,incredibly,interestingly,ironically,luckily,mercifully,miraculously,mysteriously,naturally,

oddly,ofcour,paradoxically,plea,predictably,remarkably,sadly,significantly,strangely,

surprisingly,true,typically,unbelievably,understandably,unexpectedly,unfortunately,

unhappily,unnecessarily

有少数副词可以和enough连用，起同样作用：

Ithoughtitwouldrain,andsureenoughitdid.

OddlyenoughIhadnodoubtthathewouldbegladtoeme.

Interestinglyenough,thisproportionhasnotincread.

一些其他类型的副词

除了上面这些副词之外，还有一些其他类型的副词，例如：

表示方向的副词：

Let’sgoinside.

Taketwostepsforward.

Helookedbackwards.

这类副词常见的如：

abroad,along,alongside,around,ashore,back,backward,down,downtown,downward(s),east,

eastward(s),forward(s),home,homeward,in,indoors,inside,inward(s),left,near,north,

northward(s),onward,outdoors,outside,overas,fight,round,south,southward(s),there,up,

uptown,upward,west,westward(s)

与上文连接的副词（这类副词使句子与上文联系更紧密）：

Therainwasheavy------conquentlythelandwasflooded.

Theythereforeremovedhimfromhisposition.

Nevertheless,shedecidedtoact.

Besides,Iwantyoutopromimeonething.

这类副词为数不多，但很有用，可以使上下文更加连贯。

还有一些表示“方面”的副词（即表示“在------方面”，“------上”）：

Theysufferedeconomicallyasaresultofthatpolicy.

Ifeelmorallyobligedtohelpthem.

Shewasfarbeneathhimsocially.

常见的这类副词有：

culturally,economically,geographically,historically,ideologically,industriously,intellectually,

mentally,morally,physically,politically,psychologically,socially,theoretically