英国三权分立

ShallowTalktheBritishSeparationof

Powers’FormationfromaHistorical

Perspective

Electivecour:Britishsocietyandculture

Collegemajor:LifeScienceAcademy

Studentname:LiXiang

StudentID:

Examinetime:June24,2011

ShallowTalktheBritishSeparationofPowers’

FormationfromaHistoricalPerspective

Theparationofpowers,oftenifimprecilyud

interchangeablywiththetriaspoliticalprinciple,isamodelforthe

hismodel,thestateisdividedinto

branches,eachwithparateandindependentpowersandareasof

responsibilitysothatnoonebranchhasmorepowerthantheother

maldivisionofbranchesisintoanexecutive,a

legislature,andajudiciary.

IntheUnitedKingdom,theexecutiveischargedbyPrime

Minister,Cabinet,GovernmentDepartmentsandCivilService,the

parliamentposssthelegislature,andthecourtsperformthejudiciary.

Toastrictdegree,theUK’ssystemcan’tbeconsideredtheparationof

ghthedoctrineofparationofpowerplaysaroleinthe

UnitedKingdom'sconstitutionaldoctrine,theUKconstitutionisoften

describedashaving"aweakparationofpowers",despiteits

legislatureandtheexecutivearecombined,thisformiscalled

mentisnotonlythestatelegislature,andisthe

centerofthestatepower.

On28September1066,TheNormanconquestofEnglandbegan

withtheinvasionofEnglandbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,who

becameknownasWilliamtheConquerorafterhisvictoryattheBattleof

Hastingson14October1066,defeatingthethenkingHaroldIIof

largelyremovedthenativerulingclass,replacingitwithaforeign,

French-speakingmonarchy,aristocracy,andclericalhierarchy,and

broughtaboutatransformationoftheEnglishgovernmentalsystems.

AftertheNormanconquest,theygraduallyestablishedaninchoate

gistheforemostlord,nobles

arelocatedinavassalstatus,andtheconferenceisthemaininstitution

r,aftertheWilliamdied,

especiallyafterhissonHenryIdied,Normandynastywastrappedin

twentyyearsofcivilwar,anditsroyaltywasweakenedtosomeextent.

AlthoughariesofreformmadebyHenryIIhadstrengthenedthe

monarchygreatly,Britishroyaltywasstillweakenedintheperiodof

trocityandincompetencecauda

lotofpeople’gJohnconfiscatedthesubrvient

manorsjustashewishedandinterferedthecourt’sjudgment,therefore,

hisawfulbehaviorcaudthefeudallords’rtocollect

themilitaryspendingagainsttheFrench,

madeknightsandcitizenswhowereudtosupporttheKingtransferred

er,thechurchalsostandedbythegovernors.

InJune1215,KingJohnsignedtheMagnaCartawiththo

churchnoblesunderthepressuregivenbythejointactionofallclass.

TheMagnaCartaaimedatlimitingthekingshipandcurityingthe

ction,it’sclaimedthatthe

churchofEnglandhadfreedom,itsrightscouldn’g

wasnotallowedtoaskfeudallordsfortaxeswithouttheBignobles’

ningofthe

MagnaCartashowedthatthejointactionsofallclasshadbecomea

newformofpoliticalstruggleandprovidedtheorybasisandimportant

struggleagainstthefeudaltyranny,knightsandcitizenshadbecomea

icprinciplesofthe

MagnaCarta---thecharter-supremacyoflawandhumanrightswere

graduallyconsideredasthefoundationoftheBritishconstitutional

ghtheMagnaCartaregulatedtherelationshipofthe

feudal,itdidn’tsolvethecontradictionbetweenthekingandfeudal

1258,themutinystartedbynoblemancompelled

HenryIIIsignedtheOxfordRuleswhichrequirethekinggovernthe

ord

conferencetransferredallthepowertosomenoble,carriedoutthe

ghthereweresomestruggleforpowerbetween

thekingandnobleman,atlast,in1295theBritishparliamenttookshape.

Asaresult,theBritishsystemofgovernmentevolvedfromaristocratic

democraticsystemto"grademonarchy".

Britishbourgeoisrevolutioniscatalystsoftheparationof

totypeofLocke’sdoctrineofparationofpowersisthe

capitalisticconstitutionalmonarchybuiltbytheBritishbourgeois

italistclassandthenewnobilitywonthepowerfrom

1688,afterthefinishofGlorious

Revolution,theking’slegislativeandjudicialpowerweredespoiledby

capitalism,andtheexecutivepowerwastakenoutslowlyinafteryears.

Undertheconstitutionconventionoftheking’ssoleuncapablity,theking

graduallybecameakingofnopower.

Thebirth,thepracticeandtheriesofchangesofthe

decentralizationthoughtareassociatedtightlywiththecountry’s

historical,tionofthepowers

keepsthestaterunnningefficientlyandhasthetremendousdriving

forceoncontroltheindividualcentralization,andpreventtheofficials’

promotestherapiddevelopmentofeconomyinthe

capitalistcountries.