global warming

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GlobalWarming&ItsEffects1

NicolasDalleva

1Eac

countryemitsonefourthoftheworld’sgreenhougas;themostprominentof

thegasiscarbondioxide,whichisreleadfromtheburningoffossilfuels.

untriesand

peopleclaimtobeonlyvaguelyconcernedwiththecaubecautheywereunaware

evelle2,anoceanographer,helpedtocalloutthe

otreceivingmuchfeedbacktowardshiscau,he

edwarming“thegreat

geophysicalexperiment.”Hesaid,“Theexperimentistoloadtheatmospherewithas

muchcarbondioxideaspossible,addafewotherharmfulgas,andewhat

happens.”Recently,veralcountrieshavebeenpassinglawstopreventtheworld’s

ththettingofnewrulesandregulations,theearth

leffortsmadetoreducethereleaof

greenhougas,specificallycarbondioxidefromtheburningoffossilfuels,

increatherateandintensityofglobalwarming.

2Themostprominenteffectofglobalwarmingexistsintheclimatechangeoverthe

opleareunawarethatglobalwarmingcausandchangesall

tingoftheearthcausthemagnitudeandstrengthof

ceansgetwarmer,theintensityofhurricanes

tion,manycostalcitiesandregionshave

recentlybeenexperiencingflooding,

Arctic’astthirty

years,overtennationalrecordsweretforthehighesttemperaturesinthesummer

tsandforestfireshavebeenoccurringdramaticallymoreoftenin

thepastcentury.【Alloftheeffectshavebeendirectlylinkedtothereleaof

greenhougas.】

3【Anotherareaaffectedbyglobalwarmingistheanimalkingdomandnature.】The

numberofanimalsperspeciehasbeendecreasingannuallyduetoharsh

olaricecapsmelt,allcreaturesthatlivethereareleft

mple,asaldenshavebeenmelting,thenumberofalshas

thatoccurinthespring,suchasmating,migrating,layingeggs,and

returningfromhibernationhavebeentakingplaceapproximately5.1dayarlierthan

lyoccurrenceoftheeventsprovesthattheearthis

oofofwarmingistheevidenceofmanyanimals

ghthischangehasbeen

occurringwithvariouscreatures,butterfliesandmosquitoesarebeingfoundthe

2

oughbutterfliesdonotcauanyknown

problemswiththeenvironment,adly

orldcontinues

towarm,thisissue,alongwithmanyothers,willcontinuetogrow.

4【Athirdtypeofevidenceofglobalwarmingcanbefoundinplants.】Vegetationin

houtmany

partsoftheworld,flowersbloom7dayarlierandtreesreproduce10dayarlier,

rowingasonsvaryfromverywettoverydry,agricultural

recentyears,regions’cropshavebeenbothfloodedand

hedepletionoftheozone,r

intheatmosphereallows

plantstogothroughphotosynthesismorerapidly,allowingallergenstogrowin

idencefoundthroughoutallofnaturemakesitveryclearthatglobal

warmingisahugeissue.

5Acombinationofvariousactionsand,insomecas,notenoughactioncaus

globalwarmingintheworldtoday.【Theleadingcauofglobalwarmingisthe

ongoingburningoffossilfuels,whichreleascarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.

Carbondioxide,alongwiththeothergreenhougasofmethane,nitrousoxide,and

chlorofluocarbons,isthecauofthegreenhoueffect.】Thiffectisdangerously

asnotonly

builduptokeepheatintheatmosphere,eas

are

arthcontinuestoincreaitspollutionlevel

eachyear,thenumberofskincancerpatientsincreas.

6Becauitreleascarbondioxideintotheair,theburningoffossilfuelsisan

wateriscold,unately,withglobalwarming,the

emperaturesincrea,more

ciouscirclewillcontinuetooccurunlessscientists

ularly,petrol,orgasoline,isaleadingsourceofthe

containshydrocarbonsthatrelea

dioxide,oncerelead,lastsupto100

emostabundantheat-absorbentgasbesides

watervapor,whichisnotconsideredasagreenhougasbecauitrainsbacktothe

naLoaObrvatory4hasbeenmeasuringthe

heirrearchbegan,thelevelinthe

atmospherehasdrasticallyincreadby47partspermillion.【Carbondioxidemakes

upaboutonehalfofthecausofglobalwarming.】

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7【Althoughcarbondioxidelargelyharmstheenvironment,theothergreenhou

gashavealargeimpactintheatmosphere.】Methane,thenextmostprominent

harmfulgas,comesfromcattle,asphalt,coal,oil,gonlyten

years,r

greenhougas,nitrousoxide,lastsapproximately180yearsandabsorbs200times

soxidecomesfrommicrobesinsoilthatare

-and-burnfarmingandtheburningofsomefossilfuelsalso

algreenhougas,chlorofluocarbon,lasts400yearsinthe

airandretains16,fluocarbonscapefromvarious

binationofthefourgasresultsintheretentionof

intenamountsofheat.

8【Throughouttheworld,variousnationshavebeenjoiningtohelppreventorslow

theprocessofglobalwarming.】OnFebruary3,2007,Frenchpresident,Jacques

Chirac5,ed,“It’sour

ureofhumanitydemandsit.”Forty-fivenations,notincluding

theUnitedStates,6,however,isveryinvolvedwith

globalwarmingandthegreenhoueffect;

isthelargestcontributortoglobalwarming,theUnitedStatesunfortunatelysupports

onlyvoluntaryreductionprograms.

9【Theissueofglobalwarmingaffectsnature,people,

people,globalwarmingisnotoftheirconcernbecautheyfeelitdoesnotaffect

them.】Althoughtheymaynotrealizeit,globalwarmingaffectveryone,especially

istsmathematicallysimulatetheglobe’sweathersystems.

Theircomplexequations,calledgeneralcirculationmodels(GCMs)7,aresocomplex

nmentalists

verifythatthehazardouscombinationoffloodinganddroughtwillsignificantly

ndardalevelhasbeenrisingannuallyfora

ythatiftheearthcontinuesonthepathitison,then95%ofthe

lculatethattheglaciersinGlacier

NationalPark9couldmeltby2030,and37%ofallspeciescouldbeextinctby2050.

retovariousclimateor

sagree

thatskincancer’srapidrateofincreacouldbecaudbytheholesintheozone

eholesgrowinsizeandnumber,thequantityofpatientswillalso

increa.【Asidefromnaturalandheathissues,theworld’conomyisalsoatrisk.】

RossGelbspan,authorofBoilingPoint,abookaboutEarth’sclimatechangefrom

globalwarming,spokeabouthisbooktothepublicin2004stating,“Climateissues

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willeventuallytearholesintheglobaleconomy.”Rearchcanshowthatifcurrent

weatherpatternscontinue,thecostofinsurancewillincreadrasticallyoverthenext

anisoneofmanyauthorsandscientistswholookintothefutureto

warnpeoplewhatistocome;unfortunately,mostpeopledonotlisten.

11【Whenpeoplearetryingtogetothersinvolvedinthecau,acommonproblem

thatarisisthelackofmotivation.】Manypeopledonotrealizethatiftheycanslow

therapidwarmingprocess,thentherewillbemoretimetodevelopalternateenergy

sources,dandGermany,alongwithveralsmall

countries,haverecognizedthispossibilityandhavecommittedtoan80%reductionof

nitedStateswouldgetinvolvedinaprogram

suchasthis,thenthegreenhoueffectwouldoccurmuchslowerthanitdoestoday.

Theworld,especiallyAmerica,der10of

theNationalCenterofAtmosphericRearch(NCRA)11oncestated,“Bythetime

wefindthegreenhouwarminghaddamagedearth’sabilitytofeeditspeople,itwill

betoolatetodomuchaboutit.”

12【Inconclusion,theworldneedstoputforthastrongerefforttopreventglobal

warming;thegreenhougasssuffocatetheearthmoreeachday.】Ifcountries

makeagreaterefforttoslowglobalwarming,theworld’spredestinationmaynotbe

dually,peoplecanrecycle,ufuel-efficientcars,

carpool,byElmerRobinson,thedirectorof

MaunaLoaObrvatoryhadoncesaidwhilespeakingofglobalwarming,“Thetrue

enemyisus.”

Newwordsandexpressions

xtistakenfrom/healtharticles.

evelle:(1909-1991)ascientistandscholarwhowasinstrumentalintheformativeyears

oftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoandwasoneofthefirstscientiststostudy

globalwarmingandthemovementofEarth’stectonicplates.罗杰·雷维尔

:紫外线

oaObrvatory(MLO):夏威夷茂纳罗亚观测站

sChirac:(1932-)aFrenchpoliticianwhorvedas

PresidentofFrancefrom1995to2007.雅克·希拉克

:(1948-)rvedasthe45thVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesin1993to2001,under

PresidentBillClinton,currentlyisanauthor,businessman,andenvironmental

activist.阿尔·戈尔

lcirculationmodel(GCM):amathematicalmodelofthegeneralcirculationofa

planetaryatmosphereorocean大气环流模型

atBarrierReef:澳大利亚大堡礁

rNationalPark:冰川国家公园（位于美国蒙大拿州）