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1.常见的用料
鸡chicken鸭duck鹅goo
鱼类fish肉类meat猪肉pork
牛肉beef小牛肉veal羊肉mutton
小羊肉lamb牛尾oxtail里脊fillet
排骨spareribs腰子kidney肚子tripe
肝liver舌tongue内脏offal
蹄子trotter胗gizzard鸡什giblets
鹿肉venison鸡脯chickenbreast
甲鱼turtle海味afood
虾shrimp干贝scallop
螃蟹crab鱿鱼squid
海蛰jellyfish黄鳝finlesel
海螺whelk野味game
兔rabbit鸽pigeon
鹌鹑quailxxlobster
牡蛎oysterxxsnail
田鸡frog蛇snake腌肉bacon
香肠sausage火腿ham
xxbear’spaw
鱼翅shark’sfin燕窝bird’snest
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2.煮前的准备工作
去骨boning
例如,去骨鸭掌
打鳞scaling
例如,去鳞鱼scaledfish
剥/去皮skinning
例如,去皮田鸡skinnedfrogs
脱壳shelling
例如,虾仁shelledshrimps
腌制pickling
例如,咸酸菜pickledvegetables
3.常用刀法及用料形状(1)常用刀法
切片slice切丝shred
切丁dice切柳fillet切碎mince
捣烂mash酿入stuff(2)常用用料形状
肉/鱼片slicedmeat/fish或meat/fishslices
肉丝shreddedmeat或porkshreds
肉/鸡丁dicedpork/chicken或meat/chickencubes
肉末mincedmeat
肉丸meatballs
肉馅meatfilling
3/18
4.中餐菜单翻译法
(1)直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中
心词。
如:
炖牛肉StewedBeef
(2)直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内
在含义。
如:
狮子头Lion’sHead——PorkMeatBalls
1)原料+with+作料。以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加
上用介词with或in与作料构成的短语即可。如:
海米白菜ChineCabbagewithDriedShrimps
鱼香肉丝ShreddedPorkwithGarlicSauce
2)作料+原料。即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如:
咖喱牛肉CurryBeef古老肉Sweet&SourPork
3)以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说法而用平直,明白
的英语译出。如:
发财好市BlackMossCookedwithOysters
彩凤喜迎春BakedChickenandFriedQuailEggs
蚂蚁上树VermicelliwithSpicyMincedPork
龙虎凤大烩ThickSoupofSnake,CatandChicken
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4)“移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中
菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道,通俗易懂,能收
到事半功倍的效果。如:
烤排骨BarbecuedSpareRibs
饺子Chine-styleRavioli略有馅的水饺
5)音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使
英译文保留点“中国味”。
如:
包子Baozi——StuffedBun
馒头Mantou——SteamedBread
6)“随机应变”法:
原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色
菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。如:
广东龙虾LobsterCantoneStyle
麻婆豆腐BeanCurdSichuanStyle
5.中餐常见的烹调方法
中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离:
煮(boiling),煲/炖(stewing),
烧/焖/烩(braising),煎(frying),
炒(stir-frying),爆(quick-frying),
炸(deep-frying),
扒(fryingandsimmering),
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煸(sautéing),煨(simmering),
熏(smoking),烤(roasting/barbecuing),
烘(baking),蒸(steaming),白灼(scalding)等基本方法。
煮boiled.如“煮咸牛肉”(BoiledCornedBeef)煲/炖
stewed.如“清炖牛尾”(StewedOxTailinClearSoup)
烧braid.如“红烧牛蹄”(BraidOxTrottersinBrownSauce)
煎(pan-)fried.如“煎明虾”(FriedPrawns)炒stir-fried如“炒鸡丁”
(Stir-FriedChickenDices)爆quick-fried.如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-friedlambwith
ScallioninGingerSauce)炸deep-fried.如“炸大虾”(Deep-friedprawns)
扒friedandsimmered.如“虾子扒海参”
(FriedandSimmeredSeaCucumberwithShrimpsRoe)
煸sautéed.如“干煸鳝鱼”(SautéedEelSlices)
煨simmered.如“煨牛肉”(SimmeredBeef)
焖braid如“黄酒焖猪排”(Braidporkchopsinricewine)
烩braid如“烩鸡丝”(Braidchickenshredswithpeas)
熏smoked如“熏鱼”(SmokedFish)
烘baked如“烘鸽”(BakedPigeon)
蒸steamed如“蒸鲜鱼”(SteamedFreshFish)
酱/醋marinated如“酱鸡”(MarinatedChicken)
卤spicy;stewedingravy如“卤鸭”(SpicyDuck)
清蒸steamed(inclearsoup)如“清蒸桂鱼”(SteamedMandarinFish)
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清炖stewedinclearsoup如“清炖甲鱼”(StewedTurtleinClearSoup)
香酥crispfried如“香酥鸡”(CrispFriedChicken)
焦熘friedinsauce如“焦熘鱼片”(FriedFishSlicesinSauce)
甜酸sweetandsour如“甜酸肉”(Sweet&SourPork)
胡辣withpepperandchili如“胡辣海参”(SeaSlugwithPepperandChili)油
淋drip-friedwithoil如“油淋兔”(Drip-FriedRabbitwithoil)
涮instant-boiled如“涮羊肉”(Instant-BoiledMuttonSlices)
酿stuffed如“酿青椒”(StuffedGreenPepper)
烤roast;barbecued如“烤鹅”(RoastGoo)
白灼/微煮scalded如“白灼海虾”(ScaldedPrawns)
红烧braidinbrownsauce如“红烧蹄筋”(BraidPorkTendoninBrownSauce)
干烧inpeppersauce如“干烧干贝”(ScallopinPepperSauce)
麻辣withhotpepper如“麻辣豆腐”(BeanCurdwithHotPepper/SpiceBean
Curd)酱爆inbeansauce如“酱爆肉丁”(DicedPorkinBeanSauce)
鱼香in(spicy)garlicsauce如“鱼香肉丝”(ShreddedPorkinGarlicSauce)糖
醋withsweetandsoursauce如“糖醋排骨”(SpareribswithSweetandSour
Sauce)宫保withchiliandpeanuts如“宫保鸡丁”(DicedChickenwithChiliand
Peanuts)脆皮crisp(inspicysauce)如“脆皮鱼”(CrispFish)干煸
dry-sautéed如“干煸季豆”(Dry-sautéedStringBeans)
盐水boiledinsaltwater如“盐水虾”(BoiledShrimpsinSaltWater)
家常homestyle如“家常豆腐”(BeanCurdHomeStyle)
陈皮withspicyorangepeel如“陈皮鸡”(ChickeninSpicyOrangePeel)回锅
double-sautéed如“回锅肉”(Double-sautéedPorkSlices)
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五香spiced如“五香牛肉”(SpicedBeef)
干炸drydeep-fried如“干炸羊肉”(DryDeep-friedLambBreast)
软炸softdeep-fried如“软炸里脊”(Soft-friedPorkFillet)
酥炸crispdeep-fried如“酥炸羊脯”(CrispFriedLambBreast)
砂锅incasrole如“砂锅鱼翅”(Shark’sFininCasrole)
锅巴withsizzling/crispyricecrust如“锅巴海参”
(SeaSlugwithSizzling/CrispyRiceCrust)
芙蓉witheggwhite如“芙蓉海参”(SeaCucumberswithEggwhite)
麻酱withsamepaste如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-merwithSesamePaste)
三鲜withtwootherdelicacies如“三鲜海参”
(SeaCucumberswithOtherTwoDelicacies)
醋溜indistilledgrainssauce如“醋溜鸡片”
(SlicedChickeninDistilledGrainsSauce)
串烤skewered如“串烤羊肉青椒”(SkeweredMuttonwithGreenPepper)
铁扒grilled如“铁扒乳鸽”(GrilledBabyPigeon)
烧烤roast如“烤乳猪”(RoastSucklingPig)
凉拌insoysauce如“凉拌海蛰”(Jellyfishin
SoySauce)
酸辣hotandsour如“酸辣黄瓜”(HotandSourCucumber)
姜汁ingingersauce如“姜汁扁豆”(SnapBeansinGingerSauce)
蚝油inoystersauce如“蚝油香菇”(MushroomsinOysterSauce)
蒜泥withmashedgarlic如“蒜泥胡豆”(BroadBeanswithMashedGarlic)什
锦mixed;assorted如“什锦丝冬粉”(AssortedShredswithVermicelli)
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茄汁intomatosauce如“茄汁鸡脯”(ChickenBreastinTomatoSauce)咖喱
withcurry如“咖喱牛肉”(FriedBeefwithyCurry)
八宝(stuffed)witheightdelicacies如“八宝鸡”
(ChickenStuffedwithEightDelicacies)
葱爆quick-friedwithscallioningersauce如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-friedLambwith
ScallioninGingerSauce)
粉蒸steamedinriceflour如“粉蒸牛肉”(SteamedBeefinRiceFlour)奶油in
creamsauce如“奶油鱼肚”(FriedFishMawinCreamSauce)
木犀withscrambledeggsandfungus如“木犀肉”(FriedPorkwithScrambled
EggsandFungus)
醉liquor-prerved如“醉蟹”(Liquor-prervedCrabs)
辣味inchilisauce如“辣味烩虾”(BraidPrawnsinRiceWine)
豆豉inblackbeansauce如“豆豉桂鱼”(MandarinFishinBlackBeanSauce)
黄焖braidinricewine如“黄焖大虾”(BraidPrawnsinRiceWine)
椒盐withpepperandsalt如“椒盐排骨”(SpareRibswithPepperandSalt)
怪味multi-flavored如“怪味鸡”(Multi-flavoredChicken)
xx小吃英文表达
中式早點
烧饼Clayovenrolls
油条Friedbreadstick
韭菜盒Friedleekdumplings
水饺Boileddumplings
蒸饺Steameddumplings
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馒头Steamedbuns
割包Steamedsandwich
饭团Riceandvegetableroll
蛋饼Eggcakes
皮蛋100-yearegg
咸鸭蛋Saltedduckegg
豆浆Soybeanmilk
饭类
稀饭Riceporridge
白饭Plainwhiterice
油饭Glutinousoilrice
糯米饭Glutinousrice
卤肉饭Braidporkrice
蛋炒饭Friedricewithegg
地瓜粥Sweetpotatocongee
面类
馄饨面Wontonnoodles
刀削面Slicednoodles
麻辣面Spicyhotnoodles
麻酱面Sesamepastenoodles
鴨肉面Duckwithnoodles
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鱔魚面Eelnoodles
xx面Seafoodnoodles
榨菜肉丝面Pork,pickledmustardgreennoodles
牡蛎细面Oysterthinnoodles
板条Flatnoodles
xxRicenoodles
炒米粉Friedricenoodles
冬粉Greenbeannoodle
汤类
xxFishballsoup
xxMeatballsoup
蛋花汤Eggvegetablesoup
蛤蜊汤Clamssoup
牡蛎xxOystersoup
xxSeaweedsoup
酸辣汤Sweetsoursoup
馄饨xxWontonsoup
猪肠汤Porkintestinesoup
肉羹汤Porkthicksoup
鱿鱼xxSquidsoup
花枝羹Squidthicksoup
11/18
甜点
爱玉Vegetariangelatin
糖葫芦Tomatoesonsticks
长寿桃LongevityPeaches
芝麻球Glutinousricesameballs
麻花Hempflowers
双胞胎Horhooves
冰类
绵绵冰Meinmeinice
麦角冰Oatmealice
地瓜冰Sweetpotatoice
紅豆牛奶冰Redbeanwithmilkice
八宝冰Eighttreasuresice
豆花Tofupudding
果汁
甘蔗汁Sugarcanejuice
酸梅汁Plumjuice
xxStarfruitjuice
青草茶Herbjuice
点心
牡蛎煎Oysteromelet
12/18
臭豆腐Stinkytofu(Smellytofu)
油豆腐Oilybeancurd
麻辣豆腐Spicyhotbeancurd
虾片Prawncracker
虾球Shrimpballs
春卷Springrolls
蛋卷Chickenrolls
碗糕Saltyricepudding
筒仔米糕Ricetubepudding
红豆糕Redbeancake
绿豆糕Beanpastecake
糯米糕Glutinousricecakes
萝卜糕Friedwhiteradishpatty
芋头糕Tarocake
肉圆TaiwaneMeatballs
水晶饺Pyramiddumplings
肉丸Rice-meatdumplings
豆干Driedtofu
其他
当归鸭Angelicaduck
槟榔Betelnut
13/18
火锅Hotpot
西餐(WesternFood)
头盘及xx类
腌熏三文鱼SmokedSalmon腌三文鱼MarinatedSalmonwithLemonand
Capers
凯撒沙拉CaesarSalad鲜蘑鸡肝批ChickenLiverTerrinewithMorels
奶酪瓤蟹盖BakedStuffedCrabShell鲜果海鲜沙拉SeafoodSaladwith
FreshFruit厨师沙拉Chef'sSalad金枪鱼沙拉TunaFishSalad尼斯沙拉Salad
Nicoi汤类
奶油蘑菇汤CreamofMushroomSoup奶油胡萝卜汤CreamofCarrotSoup
奶油芦笋汤CreamofAsparagusSoup番茄浓汤TraditionalTomatoSoup海鲜周
打汤SeafoodChowder法式洋葱汤FrenchOnionSoup
牛肉清汤BeefConsommé匈牙利浓汤HungarianBeefGoulash
香浓牛尾汤OxtailSoup意大利蔬菜汤MinestroneSoup蔬菜干豆汤
HeartyLentilSoup
牛油梨冻汤ChilledAvocadoSoup西班牙番茄冻汤Gazpacho
禽类
红酒鹅肝BraidGooLiverinRedWine奶酪火腿鸡排ChickenCordonBleu
烧瓤春鸡卷GrilledStuffedChickenRolls红酒烩鸡BraidChickenwithRedWine
烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅BakedChickenBreastStuffedwithMushroomsandChee炸
培根鸡肉卷Deep-FriedChickenandBaconRolls
水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁PoachedChickenBreastwithBalsamicSauce
烤火鸡配红浆果少司RoastTurkeywithCranberrySauce烤瓤火鸡
RoastStuffedTurkey
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烧烤鸡腿BarbecuedChickenLeg
烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条RoastedLemonMarinadeChickenLegwithFrenchFries
扒鸡胸Char-GrilledChickenBreast咖喱鸡ChickenCurry
秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆Pan-friedDuckBreastwithSautéedPotatoesand
Truffles牛肉类
红烩牛肉StewedBeef白烩小牛肉FricasedVeal
牛里脊扒配黑椒少司GrilledBeefTenderloinwithBlackPepperSauce
扒肉眼牛排GrilledBeefRib-EyeSteak
西冷牛排配红酒少司RoastBeefSirloinSteakwithRedWine
SauceT骨牛扒T-BoneSteak烤牛肉RoastBeef
罗西尼牛柳配苯酒汁
BeefTenderloinandGooLiverwithTruffleandPortWineSauce
青椒汁牛柳BeefTenderloinSteakwithGreenPeppercornSauce
铁板西冷牛扒SizzlingSirloinSteak
香煎奥斯卡仔牛排Pan-friedVealSteakOscarwithHollandaiSauce
咖喱牛肉BeefCurry威灵顿牛柳FilletSteakWellington
俄式牛柳丝BeefStroganoff烩牛舌BraidOx-Tongue红烩牛膝OssoBucco
黑胡椒鹿柳配野蘑菇和芹菜烤面皮
VenisonFilletBlackPepperCoatwithWildMushroomandCeleryBrick
猪肉类
烧烤排骨BarbecuedSpareRibs烟熏蜜汁肋排SmokedSpareRibswithHoney
意大利米兰猪排PorkPiccatta瓤馅猪肉卷配黄桃汁StuffedPokeRouladeWithYellow
PeachSauce煎面包肠香草汁Pan-friedSwissMeatLoafwithPestoSauce炸猪排
Deep-FriedPorkChop
15/18
羊肉类
扒羊排GrilledLambChop扒新西兰羊排GrilledNewZealandLambChop烤羊
排配奶酪和红酒汁RoastLambChopwithCheeandRedWineSauce羊肉串Lamb
Kebabs烤羊腿RoastedMuttonLeg
鱼和海鲜类
海鲜串SeafoodKebabs扒金枪鱼GrilledTunaSteak
扒挪威三文鱼排GrilledNorwegianSalmonFillet
三文鱼扒配青柠黄油GrilledSalmonwithLimeButter
比目鱼柳和扇贝配红酒核桃汁BraidSolefillet&SeaScallopswith
RedWineandWalnuts
煎比目鱼Pan-friedWholeSole
烤三文鱼柳配香草汁和黑橄榄酱RoastedSalmonFilletWithPestoBlackOlive
Purée烤三文鱼排意大利宽面和藏红花汁RoastedSalmonSteakWithTagliatelle&
SaffronSauce煎红加吉鱼排GrilledRedSnapperFillet
黄油柠檬汁扒鱼柳GrilledFishFilletinLemonButterSauce
扒大虾GrillekingPrawns蒜茸大虾GrilledKingPrawnswithGarlicHerbButter
巴黎黄油烤龙虾BakedLobsterwithGarlicButter
奶酪汁龙虾GratinatedLobsterinMornaySauce
香炸西班牙鱿鱼圈Deep-FriedSquidRings
荷兰汁青口贝GratinatedMuslsHollandaiSauce
蛋类
火腿煎蛋FriedEggswithHam洛林乳蛋饼QuicheLorraine熘糊蛋
ScrambledEggs
16/18
面、粉及配菜类
海鲜通心粉MacaroniwithSeafood海鲜意粉SpaghettiwithSeafood
意大利奶酪千层饼CheeLasagna什莱奶酪比萨饼PizzaVegetarian
海鲜比萨SeafoodPizza烤牛肉蘑菇比萨RoastBeefandMushroomPizza肉酱
意大利粉SpaghettiBolognai
意大利奶酪馄饨CheeRavioliinHerbedCreamSauce
咖喱海鲜炒饭Stir-FriedSeafoodRicewithCurry
红花饭SaffronRice阿拉伯蔬菜黄米饭CouscouswithVegetables西班牙海鲜饭
Paella
牛肉汉堡包BeefBurger鸡肉汉堡包ChickenBurger美式热狗AmericanHot
Dog俱乐部三文治ClubSandwich金枪鱼三文治TunaFishSandwich
烤牛肉三文治RoastedBeefSandwich健康三文治HealthySandwich
烟熏三文鱼SmokedSalmon土豆泥MashedPotatoes
里昂那土豆LyonnaiPotatoes公爵夫人土豆DuchesPotatoes
烩红椰菜BraidRedCabbagewithApple
甜品
西点类
黑森林蛋糕BlackForestCake英式水果蛋糕EnglishFruitCake
草莓奶酪蛋糕StrawberryCheeCake
草莓蛋糕StrawberryCake蓝莓奶酪蛋糕BlueberryCheeCake
美式奶酪蛋糕AmericanCheeCake
绿茶奶酪蛋糕GreenTeaCheeCake意大利提拉米苏ItalianTiramisu
17/18
大理石奶酪蛋糕MarbleCheeCake咖啡奶酪蛋糕CoffeeCheeCake红莓
松糕CranberryMuffin干果派MixedNutsPie蓝莓松糕BlueberryMuffin琳泽蛋糕
LinzerCake芒果木司蛋糕MangoMousCake
草莓酥条StrawberryNapoleonSliced巧克力榛子蛋糕ChocolateHazelnut
Cake巧克力木司ChocolateMous水果脆皮酥盒PuffPastrywithFruits
维也纳巧克力蛋糕SacherCake热情果木司PassionMous
杏仁多纳圈AlmondDonuts牛奶巧克力多纳圈MilkChocolateDonuts
鲜水果配沙巴洋FruitwithSabayon水果蛋挞FreshFruitTart
白巧克力奶油布丁WhiteChocolateBrulee绿茶布丁GreenTeaPudding
芒果布丁MangoPudding热枣布丁WarmStickyDatePudding香草布丁
VanillaPudding
焦糖布丁CreamCaramel/CaramelCustard果仁布朗尼WalnutBrownies咖啡
剧本蛋糕CoffeeOperaSlice
饼干及其它
手指饼LadyFinger蝴蝶酥ButterflyCracker巧克力曲奇ChocolateCookies爆
米花(甜/咸)Popcorn(Sweet/Salt)香草冰淇淋VanillaIceCream
巧克力冰淇淋ChocolateIceCream草莓冰淇淋StrawberryIceCream
绿茶冰淇淋GreenTeaIceCream冰霜Sherbets
冰糖莲子银耳羹CandiedLotusSeed&WhiteFungusSoup
草莓奶昔StrawberryMilkShake
面包类
水果丹麦FruitDanish牛角包Croissant袋子包PitaBreadPlain
农夫包FarmerBread洋葱包OnionLoaf全麦包WholeWheatBread
18/18
软包SoftRoll硬包HardRoll长法棍FrenchBaguette吐司面包Toast
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