四级考试

大学四级英语考试

PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)

Directions:

h

ofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe

AnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Passage1

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristo

blameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobably

answeshallhavetofindwaysofsharingthe

availableemploymentmorewidely.

asksomefundamental

wecontinuetotreatemployment

asthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforlf-

respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmany

ofuscanworkforourlves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenot

aimtorevivethehouholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactory

andtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryin

whichmostpeople''ustrialage

maynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatterns

emsadauntingthought.

But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.

Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomic

freedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand

18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthem

oftheuoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingfor

efactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesand

removedworkfrompeople'',astransportimproved,first

byrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheir

placesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople''sworklostall

connectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.

Meanwhile,

preindustrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthe

ecamecustomaryforthehusband

togoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeand

benefitregulationsstillassumethisnorm

today,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthe

xes.

oyment

becamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewere

exclude―aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschool

andmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.

Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresources

awayfromtheidealistgoalcreatingjobsforall,totheurgent

practicaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

themainideaofthepassage?mentbecame

oymentwillremaina

ustrialagemaynowbe

fortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedto

helpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment.

fthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactor

contributingtothespreadofemployment?losuresofthe17th

from

pmentofmodernmeansof

transportation.

oplewho

havebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbe

rmerslosttheirlandwhen

ndustrial

societieshouworkandcommunityrviceweremainlycarriedoutby

thechangesinworkpatternthattheindustrialage

broughthavebeenreverd

estheword“daunting"inthethirdparagraph

mean?ating

fthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeans

tocopewiththecurrentsituation?situationsinwhichpeople

ortorevive

age

peopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

Passage2

UniversityPhysicsisintendedforstudentsofscienceand

yemphasisisonphysicalprinciplesandproblem-

solving;historicalbackgroundandspecializedpracticalapplications

rked-out

examplesandanextensivecollectionofproblemsareincl