博士生考试

EnglishTestforDoctoralCandidates（A卷）

Dec.28,2008

PartIListeningComprehension(20%)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,ndofeach

conversation,econversationand

achquestion,

thepau,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichis

rkthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheetIwitha

singlelinethroughthecenter.

llhisfriends.

lot.

otoftime.

otoffriends.

forasmallcompany.

talargecompany.

dependent.

uate.

wcar.

ewstore.

ewrepairshop.

ifferentbus.

4.A.36dollars.

B.15dollars.

C.12dollars.

D.4dollars.

r.

rs.

ours.

urs.

n'ssisterisgoingabroad.

isprobablyreadinganewspaper.

stodayisveryunusual.

meMinisteriswarmlywelcomed.

esMexicanfood.

ectedabetterdinner.

nerwaxpensive.

oyedthefoodmorethanthemandid.

8.A.6hours.

B.1hour.

C.10hours.

D.4hours.

rtoobtainavisa.

esheisaforeignvisitor.

tificationtocashacheck.

isanimmigrationofficial.

-conductorandpasnger.

andclient.

andpatient.

randstudent.

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,ndofeachpassage,

epassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly

ouhearaquestion,youmustchoothebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD,andthenmarkthecorrespondingletteronyour

AnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passage1

1954.

1953.

1955.

1960.

ureland.

owland.

yland.

reet,U.S.A.

dtakeyouveraldaysatDisneylandtoeeverything.

urelandshowsthejunglesofAsiaandAfrica.

sneyWorldwasbuiltinFlorida.

landisdeeplylovedbychildrenaswellasadults.

Passage2

egelevel.

aryschool.

school.

heygraduate.

ofComputersinEducation.

putersAreUdinTeaching.

uters.

ersandManagement.

SectionC

Directions:Inthispart,bespokenthree

ouhearthepassage,pleawriteasummaryofitinabout60wordson

yourAnswerSheetII.

PartIICloze(10%)

Directions:hblankthereare

fourchoicesmarkedA,B,rkthecorrespondingletteronyour

AnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Therearemanydefinitionsofsocialmovementsandrevolutions,buttheyall

movementsareorganized,16attemptsby

ttemptsareusuallyresistedbypowerful

peoplewho17fromthestatusquo,18itisoftendifficultforsocial

movementparticipantstoutheacceptedand19meansofproducingsocial

change(suchasthecourtsandpoliticalinstitutions).20,socialmovement

iwar

movementinthe1960s,the22RightsMovementthatemergedstronglyinthe

1950s,andtheantiabortionmovementofthe1980sareallexamplesofsocial

movementinAmericathathave23bothlegalandillegalactivitiesto24

nesstosocialmovementparticipants,25,theirpowerful

opponentsarejustaslikelytouillegalactivitiesandviolenceto26thesocial

movement.

Althoughthereare27overthedefinitionofrevolution,thereisa28

viewthatrevolutionsaresuccessfulsocialmovementsonamuchgrander29,

thatis,ghsocial

ightsMovementmaybeworkingto30some

laworproducesomereforminthesociety,revolutionsliketheChineRevolution

lsofrevolutionsarecommonlythe

overthrowofagovernment,basicchangeinthepoliticalandeconomicsystem,32

eof

theextentofchange33,revolutionsarealwaysaccompaniedbyextensive

34aresohighthatopponentswillkilltopreventtherevolution,

andrevolutionariesmustbe35tokilltoachievetheirgoals.

ocal

d

rial

heless

y

ted

ore

eements

rd

p

y

ored

ed

PartIIIReadingComprehension(30%)

SectionA

Directions:ssageisfollowedbysome

hofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,

B,ulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter

onyourAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

WatershortageonEarth?ofourplanetfromouter

spaceshowvastoceans,lakesasbigassmallcountries,andwideriversflowingwith

therenotbeenoughwater?Butthefactisthattheworld

isfacingtheprospectofwatershortagescaudbypopulationgrowth,uneven

suppliesofwater,pollution,tedNations(UN)predictsthat

watershortagescouldretardtheeconomicgrowthofsomecountriesandleadtofood

shortagesand,evenpossibly,tointernationalconflicts.

Humansuwaterforthreebasicpurpos:agriculture,industry,anddomestic

andmunicipalu(waterfordrinking,cooking,cleaning,andsoforth).Andthe

amountofwateravailabletoeachpersondecreasasthepopulationgrows,raising

hortageswillnotcomeallatonceinevery

partoftheworld,justastheworld'spopulationisunevenlydistributedbyregion,sois

llandsnowfallaredeterminedby

unevenweatherpatternsandlandscape,andasaresult,someareasoftheworldget

adstheunevendistributionofwateralloverthe

world.

Naturalwaterscarcityhaspromptedmanynationstotrytoincreatheirwater

suppliesbybuildingdamstocatchwaterthatotherwiwouldescapetothea,orby

effortscanhavenegativesideeffectsthat

dofbuildingdams,somecountrieschooto

spracticeincreastheriskof

overpumpingaquifers.

Pollutionalsoaffectsthewatersupply,reducingtheavailablewaterbymakingit

toxicorotherwiunfitforhumanu.

Watershortagecouldalsoleadtointernationalconflictsascountriescompetefor

caltensionsoverwateroftenappearwhendifferent

nationslayclaimtothesameriver,lake,ingtotheUN,morethan

300riverbasinsandaquifersworldwidecrossnationalboundaries,creatingthe

potentialforconflicts.

fthefollowingisNOTafactorthatwouldcauwatershortage?

tiongrowth.

suppliesofwater.

rialpollution.

warming.

hortagescouldleadtoallthefollowingEXCEPT_______.

icgrowth

ortage

-pumpingoftheundergroundwater

ationalconflicts

fthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

uwaterforcropgrowing,industrialproductionanddomestic

consuming.

ualsupplyofrenewablewaterisunevenlydistributedovertheworld.

ioncanreducetheavailablewaterbymakingittoxic.

ngdamstocatchriverwatercouldbestsolvetheproblemofwater

shortages.

watershortagesleadtointernationalconflicts?

iescannotagreewitheachotheronwaterprice.

iescompeteforlimitedwaterresources.

iespolluteeachother'swater.

iesstealeachother'swater.

fthefollowingbestdescribetheauthor'stoneinthispassage?

stic.

.

ive.

ary.

PassageTwo

Whyisstagefrightsouniversalwhenitdoesnotpoaphysicalthreat?

Ouregoandlf-esteemarethreatened,

uently,aspeakingsituationdoes

involveperil,ininstructsthebodytoreact

nce,thebraintellsthe

body,"getreadytofightoffthedangerortorunawayfromit."

Whenthedangersignalsreachthebrain,thebraininstructstheadrenalgland(肾

上腺)tostartcreting(分泌)enalfluid

bringsaboutspecificbodilyreactions.

First,ournsbecomemorekeenbecauwewillhavetorelyonthemtohelp

suddenrushofbloodfromthedigestivesystemcausthensationknownas

"butterfliesinthestomach."Thelargemusclesofthearmsandlegsbecomemost

importantinthe"fightorflight"reaction,astheymustdothepunchingandkicking.

Theextrabloodandtheoxygenitcontainsgetthemusclessotenthattheymust

dsshake,ourkneesknock,andwefeeltensioninthelarger

rienceadry,cottonymouth,sometimestothepoint

wheregoodarticulationbecomesimpossible.

hor'spurpoinwritingthispassageistodescribe_______.

fphysicalandpsychologicaldanger

orstagefright

chemistryofthebrain

sicalreactionthatmightresultfromstatefright

einferredfromthepassagethatpsychologicalreactions_______.

eriousthanstagefright

shourabilitytospeak

shourabilitytofight

nxiety

ingtothepassage,"butterfliesinthestomach"areproducedby_______.

pains

eavingthedigestivesystem

ticulation

sagementionsallofthefollowingreactionsEXCEPT_______.

ing

n

sinthemouth

ng

ingtothepassage,aspeakingsituationmayresultin_______.

alperil

amage

fulness

logicalperil

PassageThree

esatelliteisinorbit,theplane

r,asthesatellitegoesaroundtheearth,

eachcircuitthesatellitepassovera

differentpartoftheearth'ssurface.

launching,variationsfrom

thecalculationsofelevation,altitude,it

istsdeliberatelyplanforasatellitetoenteranellipticalorbit

pticalpathcanbringasatelliteintothe

ctionoftheatmosphereonthesatellitecausitsspeedto

endrawnclortotheearth,andmaybeheatedultimatelyto

incandescence(白热，白炽)andbevaporizedasitentersthelowerportionofthe

eqarth'satmosphere.

Asatellitewhichhasbeengivenaninitialhorizontalspeedof30,000km/hrorbits

horizontal

speedisraidto40,000km/hr,thespacevehicleleavestheearth'sorbitandgoesinto

ocityatwhichthishappensiscalledescapevelocity.

ingtothepassage,anellipticalorbitmaycauthesatellitetovaporize

due

to_______.

rationoftheengines

onwiththeatmosphere

tofthesun

thspinningonitsaxis

ingtothepassage,whichspeedwillproduceanellipticalorbitofa

satellite

aroundtheearth?

A.5,000km/hr.

B.15,000km/hr.

C.30,000km/hr.

D.35,000km/hr.

sagestatesthatanellipticalorbitisbeneficialbecauitallowsthe

satelliteto_______.

rangeofaltitudes

hesun

ze

ovethesamepointonearth

hor'sstylecanbestbedescribedas_______.

ntative

atory

us

ical

ingtothepassage,satelliteorbitsareusuallynotcircularbecau

_______.

sfrictionintheatmosphere

thspinsonitsaxis

ionsfromprecicalculationsaredifficulttoeliminate

ataspeedisneededforcircularorbits

PassageFour

Formostofus,theworkisthecentral,dmore

thanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoandfromwork.

Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesourstandardoflivingandtoaconsiderable

metimessaid

thatbecauleisurehasbecomemoreimportanttheindignitiesandinjusticesofwork

canbepushedintoacorner,thatbecaumostworkisprettyintolerable,thepeople

whodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsby

tthatasacounlof

foreeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichwork

canprovide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplayavital

yasmallminoritycan

controlthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhichtheirworkisdone;

onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imagination,or

initiative.

Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaringforms

othopetosolvethemoreobviousproblemsof

industriallife,manyofwhicharidirectlyorindirectlyfromthefrustrationscreated

byinequalityatwork,unlesswetackleithead-on;stilllesscanwehopetocreatea

decentandhumanesociety.

t

managers,obngagetheirinterestand

econstantlylearning;theyareableto

exerciresponsibility;theyhaveaconsiderabledegreeofcontrolovertheirownand

others'portantofall,

contrast,formostmanualworkers,andforagrowingnumberofwhite-collarworkers,

workisaboring,dull,endalltheirworkinglivesin

conditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerable—forthemlves—bythowho

orityhavelittlecontrol

overtheirwork;itprovidesthemwithnoopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.

Oft

offices,manyjobsaresoroutinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemlvestobemere

cogsinthebureaucraticmachine;asadirectconquenceoftheirworkexperience,

manyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirworkandtheirfirm,whetheritisinpublicor

inprivateownership.

uthor'sopinion,peopletendtojudgeothers_______.

telybywheretheywork

telybytheiramountofmoney

atextentbythetypeofworktheydo

lybytheiramountofmoney

stheauthortakeforacounlofdespairtheopinionthatworkersshould

turntheirattentionfromintolerableworktootherpartsoflife?

eworkisthesolefocusofpeople'slife.

eworkhasalwaysbeenimportantindecidingthesatisfactioninlife.

epeoplearenotinterestedinotherpartsoflife.

eotherpartsoflifearesimilarlyintolerable.

ybethecauofthemoreobviousproblemsofindustriallife?

strationsinotherpartsoflife.

strationsresultingfrominequalityatwork.

ecencyandinhumanityofsociety.

eltyofmostmanagers.

esworkmeantomostmanagersandworkersrespectively?

ansopportunityandchallengetobothmanagersandworkers.

ansresponsibilitytoworkersonlyandcontroltomanagers.

ansamonotonouxperiencetobothworkersandmanagers.

ybeintolerabletoworkersandchallengingtomanagers.

anyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirwork?

etheyhavenocontrolovertheirwork.

etheyfeelthemlvestobemerecogsinthebureaucraticmachine.

etheyareconsideredpartofthetechnology.

etheyspendmostoftheirlifeworkinghard.

PassageFive

Untilrecently,huntingfortreasurefromshipwreckswasmostlyfantasy;butwith

recenttechnologicaladvances,thearchforsunkentreasureisbecomingmore

mofsalvagershasarchedthewreckofthe

RMSRepublic,whichsankin1909,rch

party,usingside-scansonar,adevicewhichprojectssoundwavesacrosstheocean

bottomandproducesaprofileoftheafloor,locatedthewreckinjust

theuofthisnewtechnology,archescouldtake

mof45diversarchedthewreckfortwomonths,finding

silvertearvices,crystaldinnerware,andthousandsofbottlesofwine;buttheydid

notfindthefive-an-a-halftonsofAmericanGoldEaglecoinstheywerearchingfor.

Whetherornottheteamfindsthegold,theirmissionhasalreadysparkedmoredebate

betweenprervationistsandtreasurehuntersoverthespoils.

Whileashipwreck'streasuremaynothaveahighmonetaryvalue,itcanbean

inme

archaeologistsworrythatthesuccessofsalvagerswillattractmoretreasure-hunting

expeditionsandthusthreatenremaining,alvageteam

hasscouredasite,vationistsare

lobbyingtheirstatelawmakerstolegallyrestrictunderwaterarchesandunregulated

therhand,thetreasurehuntersarguethatwithoutthelureofgold

andmillion-dollartreasures,thewrecksandtheirhistoricalartifactswouldneverbe

recovered.

themainidealofthispassage?

ingforwrecksisnowmucheasierduetonewtechnologieslikeside-

scansonar.

mearchaeologistsareconcernedovertheunregulatedarchingof

wrecks.

rchoftheRMSRepubliciscausingfurtherdebatebetween

prervatinistsandsalvagersoverarchingwrecks.

rehuntingonunderwaterwrecksthreatensthearchaeologicalvalueof

thesite.

d"sunken"inline2isclostinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing

words?

.

ater.

t.

.

ondparagraphisanexampleof_______.

logicalorder

ation

ictogeneral

tion

abledthearchteamtofindtheRMSRepublicquickly?

orprofiles.

f45divers.

-scansonar.

aves.

fthefollowingpeoplewouldmostlikelybeaprervationist?

ure-hunter.

.

ker.

imearchaeologist.

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,thereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincomplete

swerthequestionsorcompletethe

ransweronyourAnswerSheetII.

Peoplecanbeaddicted(上瘾的)todifferentthings,l,drugs,certain

foods,whohavesuchanaddictionarecompulsive;i.e.,

theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.

Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders;theyfeelthatthey

mpulsion,likemostothers,isirrational—impossibleto

pulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit,chargeaccountsare

leasureinspendingenormousamountsis

actuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.

money,ofcour,

mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,sivebargainhunters,

however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon'nt

tobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexciting

eycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyare

ople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:agood

reasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.

Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcour,whounderstandthepsychologyofspending

habits,,companies,andadvertirsupsychologyto

increabusiness:theyconsiderpeople'sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,their

basicvalue,theirbeliefsandopinions,andsoonintheiradvertisingandsales

methods.

Psychologistsoftenuamethodcalled"behaviortherapy"tohelpindividuals

ameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthat

theyhaveproblemswithmoney.

sivespendersgetmorepleasurein_______.

oplelookforsalesanddiscountsbecau_______.

blemwithcompulsivebargainhuntersisthat_______.

iesandadvertirsoftenmakeuofcomsumers'psychologyto

_______.

'sthemainideaofthispassage?

PartIVTranslation(20%)

SectionA

Directions:PutthefollowingintoChineandwriteyourChineversiononyour

AnswerSheetII.

as

womenremainunequaltheycan'thaveaccesstoresources,theycanneverparticipate

inpoliticaldecision-making,theycan'the

loping

countries,instatemergingasindustrialpowers,inthecountriesoftheWest,women

arelookingforaction,actiontheysometimescallarevolution.[选自《新世纪博士生

综合英语》Unit1,ExerciSection3TranslationI]

Women'shealthneedshaveinthepastoftenbeenoverlooked,orassumedtobe

thesameasmen'airoconferencelastyearitwasagreedthatthe

lichasto

recognizethatwomenhavespecifichealthneedswhichmustbeunderstood,andthat

womenmusthavefullaccesstoadequatehealth-carervices.[选自《新世纪博士生

综合英语》Unit1,ExerciSection3TranslationII-6]

SectionB

Directions:PutthefollowingintoEnglishandwriteyourEnglishversiononyour

AnswerSheetII.

1993年国家对五万名初、高中生进行的调查显示中学生中吸食大麻的人数明

显上升。一个研究人员陈述说：“我们肩负着一个不值得羡慕的任务，要让全国

人民了解到吸食毒品现象正在回潮，这一流行病有可能重新出现。”专门从事毒

品滥用研究的专家说：“如果你吸食大麻少于10次，吸食可卡因的可能性实际上

为零。但是，如果你吸食大麻超过100次，或者说一年里每周两次，那么吸食可

卡因的可能性就上升到了70%。”[选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit2,Exerci

Section3TranslationI]

PartVWriting(20%)

SectionA

Directions:

lettershouldincludeallthenecessarypartsofaformalletterinabout80-100words.

WritetheletteronyourAnswerSheetII.

SectionB

Directions:Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhasopenedupahugemarket

suggestedtitleis:

TheProspectofE-commerce

Keys

PartIListeningComprehension

SectionC

Tapescript

Ofalltheelementsofsuccessnoneismorevitalthaneducation,thecultivationof

ionisthedrivingwheelineveryprofessionandthemaster

keyofallproblems.

sperityofanationdependsonthe

elopmentinscienceandtechnologythroughout

theworldisduetothedevelopmentofeducation,whichbringsupscientistsand

'sdifficulttoemphasizejusthowimportanttheroleofeducationis.

There'snodoubtthatcountrieswithundevelopededucationwillstandstillwhilea

countrywithhighereducationandcivilizationwilldevelop,anditconomicswill

flourish.

ucatedman,

nomatterhowcleverheis,willbepushedasidebyeducatedmeninthejobmarket.

ionwould

ionismorevaluablethan

uethatmensometimes

oweheirindependencetowealth,buttheindependencederivedfrommerewealthcan

neverlastlong,s,togainwealthwillalways

ependencederivedfromeducationisofaquite

dge,onceacquired,remainsintheheadforever.

Well-educatedmenlivevirtuouslives,fortheircharactersareelevatedandtheirmind

enlightened.

PartIICloze

eful

ed

e

r

eements

rd

PartIIIReadingComprehension

36.D41.D46.B51.C56.C

37.A42.D47.C52.B57.B

38.D43.C48.A53.B58.B

39.B44.D49.B54.D59.C

40.C45.D50.C55.A60.D

SectionB

nglargeamountsofmoney

nttosavemoney

tenbuythingstheydon'tneed

esales

chologyofpeople'sspendinghabits

PartIVTranslation

SectionA

男女平等已不是什么可以商讨的问题。只要妇女仍处于不平等的地位，她们

就得不到各种资源，永远无法参加政治决策，甚至在生活中都不能作出自己的选

择。这就是基本点。(说明：这是底线，即男女平等问题必须得到解决。)全世界

的妇女都关心平等问题。无论是发展中国家，正在成为工业国的国家，还是西方

国家，妇女都期望采取行动，她们有时称之为革命的行动。(说明：...,actionthey

sometimescallarevolution是前面action的同位语，她们期望采取行动，采取

革命行动。)[选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit1,ExerciSection3Translation

I]

妇女的健康需求过去常被忽视，或者被认为和男人的需求相同。去年开罗的

大会上一致认为不安全的流产，应该是整个医疗保健中要注意的一个方面。公众

必须认识到，妇女有特殊的健康需求，妇女应充分获得足够的医疗卫生服务。[选

自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit1,ExerciSection3TranslationII-6]

SectionB

A1993nationalsurveyof50,000juniorandniorhighschoolstudentsrevealed

he

rearchersnoted,"Wehavetheunenviableroleofinformingthecountrythatdrug

uismakingacome-back,thattheepidemiccouldbere-emerging."Asubstance

abuexpertnotes,"Ifyouudmarijuanalessthan10times,thelikelihoodofusing

ouudmarijuanamorethan100times,ortwicea

weekforayear,thelikelihoodofusingcocainewentupto70%."[选自《新世纪博士

生综合英语》Unit2,ExerciSection3TranslationI]