the choice

现代语言学自考题-25

(总分100,考试时间90分钟)

PARTONE

Ⅰ.echoicethatcan**pletethe

statement.

geacquisitionisprimarilytheacquisitionofthe______systemoflanguage.A.

icative

fthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?A.

geacquisitionisthespecies

enarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquire

areequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageu.

enfollowasimilar______scheduleofpredictablestagesalongtherouteoflanguage

itionD.

acquiring

ral,children'sholophrasticntencesbegin______.atepartofthefirstyearor

ntwoand

nfourandfiveyearsold

ral,the______stagebeginsroughlyinthecondhalfofthechild'scondyear.A.

ord

______stage,childrenbegintoproducelongerutteranceswith**plexgrammatical

-word

imechildrenaregoingbeyondthe______stage,theybegintoincorporatesomeofthe

-word

llyallthefollowingcategoriexcept______arealwaysmissinginthechildren's

ulaverb"be"tionalmorphemesC.

twords

ggestedthatchildrenbegintodevelopthearticulatorymovementsneededtoproducethe

phonemicdistinctionsoftheirlanguage______.heymasterthephonemiccontrastsB.

foretheymasterthephonemiccontrastsD.

whiletheyweremasteringthephonemiccontrasts

enarelearningtodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthat

arenotpartofthelanguageduringtheperiodthat______.enstarttoproducebabbling

en'sbabblinghas

en'sbabbling

becomesmoresimilartothesoundpatternofthelanguagetheyareacquiring

enlearningtheChinelanguageusuallystarttoproducesomeofthetonalpatterns

typicalofthelanguage______.heyutterany

theabove

______stagenegationissimplyexpresdbysinglewordswithnegativemeaning.A.

-word

vewordsoccuratthebeginningofexpressionsinchildlanguageacquisition______.A.

pointafterthemultiwordstageC.

whenchildren'ildren's

languagedevelopsaftertheearlymultiwordstage

dren'sutterances,"twofeets","goed","corned",lthoughsomechildrenare

nflectionalerrorsaretheresultof______.A.

children'ng

en'sovergeneralizingaconstructedrule

15.______isdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofacondlanguage

ngD.

Acquirement

16.______transferisaprocessthatis**ionalB.

ogative

pointofSLArearchhasbeenthenatureanddevelopmentofL2learners'______.A.

anguage

nesound/d/inEnglishinterlanguagepronunciationof"dat"for"that"belongsto

______neralization

softheeffectsofformalinstructiononSLAshowthatformalinstructionmayhelp

learnersperformsometypesoftaskxcept______.dspeechB.

andspontaneousconversation

20.______motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnacondlanguageinorderto

onalC.

PARTTWO

Ⅱ.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.

elopmentofafirstornativelanguageiscalledfirstlanguagea______.

malhumanbeingsacquiretheirn______languageatagiventimeoflifeandinan

appropriatelinguisticenvironment.

ghthedevelopmentofacommunicativesystemisnotuniquetohumanbeings,the

naturalacquisitionofl______asasystemofhighlyabstractrulesandregulationsfor

**municationiswhatdistinguisheshumansfromallotheranimalspecies.

4.C______speechreferstothesimple,modifiedspeechudbyparents,baby-sitters,

theytalktoyoungchildrenwhoareacquiringtheirnativelanguage.

vastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyandrequires

littleconsciousi______onthepartofadults.

6.R______hasbeenfoundtooccurusuallyinchildren'spronunciationorreportingofthe

truthfulnessofutterances,ratherthaninthegrammaticalityofntences.

ionplaysatbestaverym______roleinthechild'smasteryoflanguage.

rmallyassumedthat,bytheageoff______,withanoperatingvocabularyofmorethan

2,000words,children**pletedthegreaterpartofthelanguageacquistionprocess.

rgenceofarticulatoryskillsbeginsaroundtheagewhenchildrenstarttoproduce

b______sounds.

-schoolyearsareac______periodforfirstlanguageacquisition.

timatedthatthenumberofbasicwordsknownbyEnglish-speakingschoolchildrenof

ages______isaround7800,countingwordstemsandtheirinflectionalderivativesassingle

words.

stsoftenuthetermnativelanguageormothertongueinsteadoffirstlanguage,and

t______languageinsteadofcondlanguageincondlanguageacquisitionliterature.

rtoacquireacondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyutheirfirstlanguage

knownaslanguaget______.

ingtotheContrastiveAnalysisapproach,L2errorswerepredominantlytheresultof

n______transfer.

eoflinguisticsysteminL2learning,i______isaproductofL2training,mother

tongueinterference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearning**municative

strategiesofthelearner.

erhasi______motivationwhenhelearnsacondlanguageinordertouit

functionally,whileintegrativemotivationoccurswhenthelearner'sgoalissocial.

arnerstakeacondlanguageinordertointegratethemlveswiththecond

**munity,theirmotivationinthecondlanguagelearningiscalledi______motivation.

Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfal

nguagesaremorechallengingtoacquireasafirstlanguage.

A.正确B.错误

snobi

languagefacultypermitsustoacquireanyhumanlanguagetowhichweareexpod.

A.正确B.错误

stshavearrivedatanunderstandingthatsomechildrenaremorecapableofacquiring

theirfirstlanguagethanothers.

A.正确B.错误

orAnalysisapproachshowsthattherearestrikingsimilaritiesinthewaysinwhich

differentL2learnersacquireanewlanguage.

A.正确B.错误

uisitionofcaandgenderformsofnounsinFrenchemsmoredifficultthanthoin

English,soFrenchismorechallengingtobeacquiredasanativelanguage.

A.正确B.错误

geacquisitionisprimarilytheacquisitionofthegrammaticalsystemoflanguage.

A.正确B.错误

eingsaregeneticallypredeterminedtoacquirelanguage,andthisissufficientfor

languagedevelopment.

A.正确B.错误

ousknowledgeoflinguisticrulesdoensureacquisitionoftherulesandthereforean

immediateguidanceforactualperformance.

A.正确B.错误

ralttings,parentsalwayscorrectyoungchildren'sutterancesthatviolatetherules

ofthegrammar.

A.正确B.错误

ctionandcorrectionarekeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopment.

A.正确B.错误

ingtothecourbook,consciousinstructiononthepartofadultsisaltogetherfutilein

childlanguagedevelopmentfromthestageofababblertothatofafluentspeaker.

A.正确B.错误

ingtoBehavioristlearningtheory,childrenarebelievedtograduallyassumecorrect

formsofthelanguageof**munitywhentheir"bad"speechgetscorrectedandwhentheir"good"

speechgetspositivelyreinforced.

A.正确B.错误

enlearnlanguagebysimplyimitatingthespeechofthepeoplearoundthem.

A.正确B.错误

liestsoundsproducedbyinfantscanbeconsideredaarlylanguage.

A.正确B.错误

-wordutterancessometimesshowanoverextensionorunderextensionofreference.

A.正确B.错误

thetwo-wordstageoflanguageacquisition,two-wordexpressionsareabntof

syntacticormorphologicalmarkers.

A.正确B.错误

enmakevirtuallynowordordererrorsatthemultiwordstage.

A.正确B.错误

ildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthat

arenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheir

parentsteachthem.

A.正确B.错误

erencefromone'sfirstlanguagemayoccuratalllevelsofgrammar.

A.正确B.错误

vetransferoccurswhenanL1patternisdifferentfromthecounterpartpatternofthe

targetlanguage.

A.正确B.错误

mmaticalerrorsthatoccurincondlanguageacquisitioncanallbeexplainedby

mothertongueinterference.

A.正确B.错误

calstudiesshowthattheprocessofSLAisaprocessofconstructingandmodifying

rulesofcommunication.

A.正确B.错误

exactcausoffossilizationandthewaystounfossilizethefossilizedlanguageare

well-known.

A.正确B.错误

archesoflanguageacquisition,significantrelationshiphasbeenfoundbetween

talkativenessontheonehandandoverallproficiencyinaL2ontheother.

A.正确B.错误

Ⅳ.Definethefollowingterms,givingexampleforillustrationifnecessary.

geacquisition

kerspeech

-extension

aphicspeech

erence

getransfer

nalysis

anguage

ization

instruction

uration

Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestions.

sthedifferenttheoriesofchildlanguageacquisitionwithreferencetothebehaviorist

learningmodelandthenativistbiologicalmodel.

nbrieflythefourmainindividuallearnerfactorsthataffectalearner'sacquisition

ofacondlanguage.