被动语态讲解

英语被动语态讲解(总5页)

-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-CompanyOne1

-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除

2

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变

化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时

例visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.

2）has/havebeendone现在完成时例allthepreparationsforthetaskhave

beencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时

例anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般过去时例iwasgiven

tenminutestodecidewhetheri

shouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone过去完成时例bytheendoflastyear,

anothernew

gymnasiumhadbeencompletedinbeijing.6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时例a

meetingwasbeingheldwheniwasthere.7）shall/willbedone

begoingtobedone

beabouttobedone/betobedone一般将来时例hundredsofjobswillbelostifthe

factory

clos.

8）shouldwouldbedone

wasweregoingtobedone

waswereabouttobedone

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例thebabyshouldbe

takengoodcareof

bythebaby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中

的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例his

mothergavehimaprentforhis

birthday.可改为hewasgivenaprent

byhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，

将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例someonecaughttheboysmokinga

ciggarette.可改为theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词have,make,let

以及感官动词e,watch,notice,hear,feel,obrve等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动

结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例someonesawastrangerwalk

intothe

building.可改为astrangerwasentowalk

3

intothebuilding.

5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被

动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例themeetingistobeputofftillFriday.

3.非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。

例idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.

二、itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如

believe,consider,expect,report,say,

suppo,think等

可以用于句型“it＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”

或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：itissaidthat…据说,itisreported

that…据报道，itisbelievedthat…大家相信，itis

hopedthat…大家希望，itiswellknown

that…众所周知，itisthoughtthat…大家认为，itissuggestedthat…据建议。例

itissaidthattheboyhaspasdthe

nationalexam.

（＝theboyissaidtohavepasdthe

nationalexam.）

三、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作

系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分

办法如下：1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，

否则为系表结构。例theglassisbroken．（系表结构）theglasswasbrokenby

theboy．（被动语态）2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例

thedoorislocked．（系表结构）thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被动语

态）3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的

系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例themachineisbeingrepaired．

被动语态基础练习选择题

_____,

to

paint

vedinbeijing,wherehe_____c.

_____n

takesintheexercis

will_____

4

herandihave__________

_______o

__o

todoing8._____chaplin.a.

thechild'ld'

rtsmeeting____.

alizedshe_________ingfunofb.

ngmadefun11.______tosayathing

consideredit'redthatthe

books_______tedd.

ry______

_____ngtob.

_______byhisteacher.a.

penedto

hanges_____en

takenplace,kenplace,en

takenplace,kenplace,l's____but

it'snotyet____hed,nished,been

inished,,hallisthe

tallestbuildinginthistown._____een

aswegottotheairport,wefoundthatthe

plane_____.eadytaking

thehotelsinmyhometown_________.a.

nois____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheard

evenatdinner．kept；kept；

keep；eep；thgenerationcomputers,with

artificialintelligence,are____veloped

vebeendeveloped23.---____thesportsmeet

mightbeputoff．---yes，italldependsontheweather．a.i'vebeentold

b.i'vetoldc.i'nemorestampbeforemycollection

___.leted25.

rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthin

5

suspensionbridge___n

encilispartlyinaglass

ofwater,itlooksasifit____.

hanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

beentakenplace;kenplace;

takenplace;kenplace;it__over60

30.---look!everything

hereisunderconstruction.---what'stheprettysmallhouthat__

ding31.---doyoulikethe

material---yes,it___

fficultforaforeigner____chine．ec.

omoreletters____，thankyou．

re!don'tdroptheinkonyourshirt,

forit__'''twashedout

'noticedthethiefslipintothehoubecauthe

lightshappenedto___.36.

thecomputersonthetable___ongedtoc.

to37.---whatdoyouthinkofthebook---oh,'s

worth___ead38.

thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmisd___.ughtc.

geneeded___heckedb.

ecked40.___manytimes,theboystilldidn'tknow

d.

teaching