2018年高考真题

2018年高考英语(全国I卷)试

题及答案

英语试题第2页（共16页）

绝密★启用前

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语

注意事项：

1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写

在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答

题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦

干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答

案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，

你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中

所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对

话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一

小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

llJamesdotomorrow?

alk.C.

Writeareport.

nwesayaboutthewoman?

’’scurious.C.

She’shelpful.

esthetrainleave?

6:8:10:30.

sthewomangotowork?

.

theprobablerelationshipbetweenthe

speakers?

英语试题第3页（共16页）

andpatient.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小

题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小

题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

esthewomanregret?

upherrearch.

ngoutofcollege.

nghermajor.

thewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?

try.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

theman?

uide.C.A

taxidriver.

themandoingforthewoman?

gforsomelocalfoods.

gheraroundtheaside.

nginformationaboutahotel.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

oestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

restaurant.

llthespeakersdotomorrowevening?

friend.C.

Workextrahours.

licegoingtocall?

ine.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

sthewomanmeettheman?

atanapartment.

versomefurniture.

amealtogether.

esthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?

lity.

英语试题第4页（共16页）

英语试题第5页（共16页）

英语试题第6页（共16页）

B

GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisudto

grillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheis

cookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilies

howtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatight

budget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferent

homeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbutt

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,while

preparingrecipesforunder£

GoodMorningBritainprentersaysshe’sbeenableto

putalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherown

home,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and

Jack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmy

phonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”she

explains.“Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakes

themfor26paportion,becautheyareflour,water,

odycanbuytakeawayfood,but

sometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmake

thisfoodourlves.”

Theeight-partries(系列节目),SaveMoney:Good

Food,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:Good

Health,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvalue

fromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouholdexpen,

SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamily

ght’sEasterspecialtheycometothe

aidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationona

mtransformsthefamily’slongweekend

ofcelebrationwithlesxpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

weknowaboutSusannaReid?

startedanewprogramme.

hashadatightbudgetforherfamily.

sMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

ares

foodforherkids.

英语试题第7页（共16页）

tes

guestfamiliesforher.

estheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

e

someadviceforthereaders.

uce

anewtopicfordiscussion.

nbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

ingOur

DailyDiet

gWell

forLess

C

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingfor

thousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeen

eworldwas

stillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit

(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeech

nguageexperts

believethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjust

fivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000

languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthopeoplestarted

ttlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoo

nt

centuries,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthe

nation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsory

education,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecaud

manylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguages

suchasEnglish,SpanishandChineareincreasingly

takingover.

Atprent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.

Thedistributionofthelanguagesishugelyuneven.

Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfew

languages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wet

zoneshavelots,

hasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout

1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps

3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsfor

iannumber(中位数)ofspeakers

isamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’s

languagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

英语试题第8页（共16页）

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languages

areclotoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderly

,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon

(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),

LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)or

WadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):none

oftheemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

nweinferaboutlanguagesin

hunter-gatherertimes?

relargein

number.

recloly

connected.

fthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”

underlinedinparagraph2?

ed.

.

ylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000

peopleatprent?

6,3,400.

2,1,200.

themainideaofthetext?

guageswillbecreated.

’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

evelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

phydetermineslanguageevolution.

D

Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofour

worntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyand

new,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourold

devices(装置)’sbad

newsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–asthe

outdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthe

neweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthedevicesare

using,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochester

InstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedthe

environmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife–

英语试题第9页（共16页）

fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusing

thodprovidedareadoutforhow

homeenergyuhavolvedsincetheearly1990s.

pcomputers,

basicmobilephones,andbox-tTVsdefined1992.

3

players,smartphones,andLCDTVnteredhomesin

2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’t

throwoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionis

replacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,and

suddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthe

hou,”ragenumberof

electronicdevicesrofromfourperhouholdin1992

’renotjustkeepingtheolddevices–

ingtotheanalysisof

Babbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswith

cathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergy

consumptionandcontributiontogreenhougas

emissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to

2007window.

Sowhat’sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam’sdata

onlywentupto2007,buttherearchersalsoexplored

whatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproducts

withnewelectronicsthatrvemorethanonefunction,

suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.

Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewing

ontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscould

cutenergyconsumptionby44%.

estheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

eno

betterthantheold.

outof

stylequickly.

Babbitt’steamconducttherearch?

cethecostofminerals.

thelifecycleofaproduct.

teconsumersonnewtechnology.

outelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

fthefollowingustheleastenergy?

TV.D.

英语试题第10页（共16页）

Thedesktopcomputer.

esthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutold

electronicdevices?

emapart.

ethem.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白

处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign–something

you’ofhowto

managecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepsto

creatingroomsyou’antaroom

that’sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlooking

foraplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloris

thekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferent

techniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportant

point.37,d

newsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisions

youneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmall

ones,themediumones,andthelargeones.

’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrow

pillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofusutoadd

ringthanpainting

yourwallsandlesxpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,

smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificant

benefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepieces

suchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.

Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,

andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofa

space.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthe

walls,ceilings,ryou’relookingat

wallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpen

putintoitaresignificant.40.

llofthemareuful

eryou’relookingfor

’reexperimentingwithacolor

英语试题第11页（共16页）

olorchoicesaretheoneswe’remost

familiarwith

’snotreallyagoodideatoutoomanysmall

colorpieces

ystobesure,becauyouwanttogetit

rightthefirsttime

hoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthe

smallonesintwomajorways

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D

四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Duringmycondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastold

thattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”

cour,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41

theideaoftakingtheclassbecau,afterall,who

doesn’twantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,

I’,evenifIweren’t

43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44

ninternational

grandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfrom

oneofthegame’hardlywaitto47

him.

MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformer

graduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasno

gameforhim;ntroduction,

hemadeit49

rto50

theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaper

onhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclass

toourfutureprofessionsand,52,toourlives.I

managedtogetanAinthat53andlearnedlife

lessonsthathavervedmewellbeyondthe54.

TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstill

puttingtouwhathe55me:“Theabsolutemost

important56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessis

ysinglemoveyou

haveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent

英语试题第12页（共16页）

(对手)isdoingand59thebestmovefromamong

allyouroptions.”Thewordsstillringtruetodayinmy

60asajournalist.

utD.

turneddown

okD.

instructor

le

e

e

lyD.

normally

D.

experiment

mentD.

situation

ed

sionsD.

comments

l

te

or

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括

号内单词的正确形式。

Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,

runnerslivethreeyears61

英语试题第13页（共16页）

(long)’thavetorunfastor

forlong62(e)drink,smoke,

beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)

earlybyrunning.

Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,

thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveat

lengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.

Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudy

publishedin201466showedamerefiveto10

minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheart

diaandearlydeathsfromall67(cau).

otherwi…it’dkneepain,

youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisto68

(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandget

gischeap,easyandit’s

always69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneed

runforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsas

othersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10

分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你

修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每

句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删

除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面

写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修

改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）

不计分。

英语试题第14页（共16页）

Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountryside

withmyfathertovisit

st

timeIwentthere,theywere

livinginasmallhouwithdogs,ducks,andanother

nterwhen

Iwenthereagain,theyhadabigparatehoutorai

so

dpa

saidlastsummertheyearned

appilythattheirlifehad

ndof

ourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnfor

everytwoyears,butheagreed.

第二节书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友

家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内

容包括：

1．到达时间；

2．合适的礼物；

3．餐桌礼仪。

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

************************************************

**************************

考试机构工作人员注意：以下内容不能印在试卷上。

请将“DearTerry,”按下面格式打印在答题卡上相

英语试题第15页（共16页）

应的区域。请将“Best,LiHua”按下面格式放在底端。

DearTerry,

Best,

LiHua

绝密★启用前

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语试题参考答案

第一部分听力

1.B2.C3.C4.B5.A

6.B7.A8.B9.C10.C

11.A12.B13.A14.A15.C

16.B17.C18.B19.C20.A

第二部分阅读理解

21.A22.D23.D24.B25.C

26.C27.D28.B29.C30.B

31.C32.A33.D34.B35.A

36.B37.A38.D39.G40.F

第三部分语言知识运用

英语试题第16页（共16页）

41.B42.C43.A44.D45.D

46.C47.B48.D49.C50.B

51.C52.A53.C54.B55.A

56.D57.B58.A59.D60.A

/then69.

/running

第四部分写作

第一节

Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwentto∧

countrysidewithmyfathertovisit

the

st

timeIwentthere,theywere

found

livinginasmallhouwithdogs,ducks,andanother

nterwhen

other

Iwenthereagain,theyhadabigparatehoutorai

so

there

chickens

hadasmallpond∧dpa

saidlastsummertheyearned

in或where

appilythattheirlifehad

ndof

llinghappy

ourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedto

returnforeverytwoyears,butheagreed.

and

第二节（略）