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更新时间:2022-11-12 01:32:00 阅读: 评论:0

初三上册期末数学试题-只加一笔是什么字


2022年11月12日发(作者:农工商红利卡)

1

名词复数变化

1。一般情况下加smap—maps

2。s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-esbus—bus【stomach(胃)—--stomachs;epoch(新时期)——-epochs】

3。以y结尾的名词,变复数时a.以辅音字母+y,变y为i加esbaby—babies

b。专有名词或元音字母+y,直接加stwoMarys,monkeys

【Dry禁酒论者——-drys,standby后备人员--—standbys】

4.以o结尾的名词,变复数时a。加s,photo—photos

b.加es,Negro,hero,potato,tomato,volcano,tornado,torpedo,veto,mosquito,

5。以f或fe结尾的名词变复数

a。去f或fe加ves,half—halves

b.加s,gulf/cliff/roof/griefchief/belief/proof/safe+S

6.名词复数的不规则变化

a。man—menwoman—womenchild-childrenfoot-feettooth—teeth

goo—geemou—micelou—liceox-oxen

ishman—twoEnglishmen。【但German-Germans,human—humans】

**c.外来名词:criterion—criteria(标准);phenomenon—phenomena(现象);

analysis—analys(分析);basis—bas(基础);crisis—cris(危机);

thesis-thes(论文);bacterium-bacteria(细菌);Medium–media(媒介物);

7.

单复

同形

名词

deer,sheep,fish,shark,giraffe,buffalo,Chine,Japane,Swiss,Swedish,Danish,means,ries,

species,aircraft,staff,li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin除了中国度量衡和货币之外,美元,英镑,法

郎等都有复数形式.theEnglish,theChine,表示国民总称时,谓语用复数。【—e,-ish结尾的国家

人单复同形。】

2piecesoffish2fish2fishes

2piecesofglass2glass2pairsofglass

penny(便士)pence(价值)Pennies(个数)

8.

A单数类集体名词:

意思为复数,但谓语用单数humanity人类clothing衣服glassware玻璃器具machinery机械mankind人类

equipment设备jewelry珠宝poetry诗baggage行李furniture家具luggage行李pottery陶器

B复数类集体名词:以单数形式出现,但实为复数,谓语用复数.faculty,poultry,folk,people,police等本身

就是复数,谓语动词复数。不能说apeople和apolice,但可以说aperson和apoliceman【apeople–two

peoples】

C单复同形类集体名词谓语单复数由意思决定army;audience;bacteria;cast;class,committee;community;

company;council;crew;data;enemy;family;flock;gang;government;group;herd;jury;media;navy;

opposition;police;press;public;staff;team;youth

单数:Myfamilyisbigfamily.

复数:Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers。

9。以s结尾,仍为单数的名词

a。maths,politics,physics学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

是不可数名词.

c。theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。

d。某些疾病mumps腮腺炎measles麻疹

e.活动名称billiards/cards/darts

10。-表示由两部分构成的东西

-以ing结尾的词

如:glass,trours,clothes,slippers若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair;

suit,

apairofglass;twopairsoftrours。谓语单复数取决于数量词pair单复数。

2

-其他复数belongings;surroundings;doings;earnings;findings;savings;;

contents;arms;fireworks;wages;forces;remains;valuables;stairs;sweets

11.复合名词的复数

a。由man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式前后都变复数

Womanteacher-womenteachers

b。中间无连字号也没间隔的复合名词变复数,将最后一个名词变复数

houwife—houwives;greenhou—greenhou

c。中间有连字符号或间隔的复合名词,将主要的词变成复数

pasr—by-pasrs—by;mother-in-law-mothers-in-law

d.复合名词中的单词没有名词时,则在最后一个单词的词尾+s

go-between—go—betweens,has-been-has—beens(过时的人或物)

12.用复数的固定词组

thanksto;giveregardsto;takepains;withbestwishes;havewordswith;in

highspirits;inalldirections;shakehandswithsb;makepreparationsfor;make

friendswith;congratulations(tosb)on(doing)sth

常见的不可数名词有:

——物质/材料:air;beancurd;beef;blood;bread;butter;chalk;chicken;chocolate;cloth;coal;coffee;corn;

cream;daylight;cotton;dirt;dust;energy;chee;fibre;fog;food;fruit;flesh;four;glass;gold;grain;

grass;hair;honey;iron;kerone;lightning;meat;milk;money;moustache;mud;music;mutton;hay;

oxygen;paper;pork;porridge;powder;rain;ice;rubbish;salt;sauce;silver;steam;steel;storage;sugar;

sunri;sweat;thirst;thunder;water;wheat;wind;wood;wool;soap;vinegar;wine;soup;

baggage;clothing;furniture;luggage;jewelry;equipment;electricity;homework;

—-抽象:time;noi;information;knowledge;progress;trouble;fun;courage;luck;patience;poverty;wealth;

traffic;waste;

quality;advice;attention;business;citizenship;danger;darkness;death;depth;damage;comfort;education;

disappointment;

experience(经验);freedom;future,goodness,graduation;grammar;happiness;health;hunger;imagination;importance;

justice;kindness;luck;measure;labour;humor;permission;pressure;practice;pleasure;population;sickness;smoking;

sorrow;starvation;treatment;truth;u;willingness;wisdom;weather;work;houwork;pollution;

****【牢记以下纯不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用:weather,fun

...........

space

.....

(太空

...

)

advice

......

word=news,

..........

progress,information,news

.........................

不可数名词也可以直接加—s等表示复数,但它的意义也有所变化,用来指一些具体的事物.

—-Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)--Thecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)

--Thisfactoryproducessteel.这个工厂生产钢铁。(不可数)——Weneedvarioussteels.我们需要各种钢材。(可数)

--Ourcountryisfamousfortea。我国因茶叶而闻名。(不可数)--Twoteas,plea。请来两杯茶。(可数)

water(水)-waters(水域),

a(海)—as(海域)

sand(沙子)—sands(沙漠)

wood(木头)-woods(树林)

damage(毁坏)-damages(赔偿金)

good(好处)-goods(货物)

time(时间)-times(时代)

custom(风俗)—customs(海关)

minute(分钟)-minutes(记录)

advice(建议)-advices(通知)

force(力量)-forces(军队)

return(回来)-returns(统计表)

green(绿色)-greens(青菜)

light(光)-lights(灯)

iron(铁)—irons(熨斗)

glass(玻璃)—glass(玻璃杯)

freedom(自由)—fourfreedoms(特指“四大自由")

necessity(必要性)-necessities(生活必需品)

3

manner(态度)-manners(礼貌)

exerci(锻炼)—exercis(体操、练习)

paper(纸)-papers(文件)

character(性格)-characters(汉字、符号)

modernization(现代化)—thefourmodernizations(特指“四个现代化")

spirit(精神)—inhighspirits(情绪)

custom(习俗)—customs(海关)

experience(经验)—experiences(经历)

****修饰可数名词不可数名词的词或短语

只修饰可数名词的词或短语:

Many;veral;few/afew;agreat(good)many;anumberof;alarge(great)numberof;(large/great)numbersof

只修饰不可数名词的词或短语:

Muchlittleagreatamountofalittleabitofagood(great)dealof

修饰可数名词和不可数名词的词或短语:

Someenoughmostalotoflotsofplentyof

Muchtoo+ch+n

****可转化为可数名词的抽象名词

抽象名词一般为不可数名词,不能和冠词连用,但以下这些抽象名词加a/an表示具体的事物或人

honour;death;pleasure;success;failure;comfort;surpri;worry;beauty;wonder;envy;shock;shame;

regret;joy;danger;shame;pity;experience;

抽象名词部分

+抽象名词=相应的形容词

+表示大小、长短、深度、高度、年龄、颜色、材料

+height/length/size/width/depth

our/bythedozen

/in/by/on+(great+)抽象名词=(very+)副词

Amanofn=ansibleman;…ofwealth=awealthyman;…ofexperience=anexperienced;…ofcourage=a

courageous

dressareofdifferentmaterials。

Thelakeisabout60metersindepth。Theropeis10metersinlength.

Wearepaidbythehour。Energyismeasuredincalories.

ImetLisabyaccident(=accidentally)inLondon.

不可数名词的计量形式:

不可数名词没有词形变化,需要计量时,可

用of连接相应的表量单位词,并加以数词

和变表量单位词为复数的形式来表示

aglassofwaterapieceofbread

twoglassofwaterfourpiecesofbread

❖但现代英语中,单位词的用法有变化twocoffees(=twocupsofcoffee);twoices(=twopiecesofice)

不可

chalkacakeofsoap

jewelleryadropofwater

newsafitofanger

breadalumpofsugar

阳性+ess,

ine等表阴

actor-actress;prince-princess

waiter—waitress;hero-heroine

host-hostess;emperor-empress

author—authoress;poet—poetess

4

数名

词表

量的

形式

furnitureasliceofcake

equipmentaglassofwine

apieceofluggageasuitofclothes

informationasackofflour

adviceanarticleoffurniture

clothingabarofchocolate

paperaloafofbread

mailaburstoflaughter

以er,or结

尾表主

动;以ee

结尾表被

trainer-trainee;employer-employee

examiner-examinee;tester-testee

interviewer-interviewee;

investigator—investigatee;

promisor(立约者)—promie(守约

者)

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