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英语句子成分分析

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2023年1月26日发(作者:长津湖 电影)

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句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次

要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问

句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名

词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般

放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebook

aughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,

get,look,grow,turn,em等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、

动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)

Isityours?(代词)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)

Thespeechixciting.(分词)

Threetimesvenistwentyone?(数词)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)

ssisover.(副词)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

Theywenttoeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)

Hepretendednottoeme.(不定式短语)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,plea.

(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

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(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补

语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+

宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)

Letthefreshairin.(副词)

Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)

HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprid.(代词)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,

叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)

Heisproudtohavepasdthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)

Waitaminute.(名词)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)

Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauoftherain.(原因状语)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.(条件状语)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)

二、简单句、并列句和复合句

(一)句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种:

1)陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.

2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorven

yearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?

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3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass

4)感叹句:Howclevertheboyis!

2、按句子的结构可分三种:

1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

nreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在

一起构成。

phimandhehelpsyou.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、

宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

eignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.

(二)简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语:tudent.

2、主语+不及物动词:.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语:oughtadictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):erboughtmeacar.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):ethebabylaugh.

注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

(三)并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。

cher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.

2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwi等。p,oryou'llmissthe

train.

3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。littleman

withthickglass,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasslivelyandinteresting.

4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。isthetimeoftheyear

forriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.

按要求完成下列句子:

stotellthetruth.(改为否定句)

velivedhereformorethantenyears.(对画线部分提问)

illbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,____________?(完成反意疑问)

tbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.(改为祈使句)

ntforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)

interestingstory.(改为感叹句)

gazinecomesout(出版)everyotherweek.(对画线部分提问)

uldhardlybelievehiswords,____________?(完成反意疑问)

nisshiningbrightly.(改为感叹句)

lishteacherisalwayncouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.(对画线部分提

问)

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答案n'tdaretotellthetruth.或ghavetheylived

here?'ygoforawalkaftersupper

yesterdayevening?interestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!

oftendoesthismagazinecomeout?ghtlythemoonisshining!

alwayncouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?

Ihopeyouareverywell(复合句).I'mfine,buttired(简单句).Rightnowitisthesummer

vacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并列句).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(简单

句).Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并列句)

Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(简单句).Wegrowriceinthe

southoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat(并列复合句).Wehavea

lotofmachinesonthefarm(简单句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomen

workingforhim(复合句).Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest(简单句).Mybrothertakes

careofthevegetablegarden(简单句).Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere(简单句).Asa

result,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden(简单句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfroma

well(简单句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden(简单句).

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(简单句).Thepartiesoften

makeusveryhappy(简单句).Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside(简单句).It'sgreat(简

单句)!Americanatalotofmeat-toomuchinmyopinion(简单句).Someofmyfriendsdrink

beer(简单句).Idon't,becauIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(复合句).Inyourletteryou

askedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates(简单句).Therearefivedifferenttimeareasin

theStates(简单句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(简单句).Howmany

differenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(简单句)?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep(简单

句).Pleagivemybestregardstoyourparents(简单句).

callon号召,拜访(某人)

callat拜访、参观(某地)

callfor去叫某人,要求,需要

callup使回忆起,征召入伍

callin召集,请某人来

callout大喊,高叫

calloff取消,不举行

1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.

2)Pleawaitformeathome.I'llcall_______youatyourhouatventonight.

3)Thetrainscalls_______veralbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.

4)Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn'tanswer.

5)Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.

(in,for,at,out,off)

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