专四作文

1

1．MyViewonAdvertimentsonTV

eryouturnonTV,you

ertirsaretryingtoinformyouofthe

s,it

oftenoccurswhileyouareabsorbedinwatchingawonderfulfilmonTV,

endlesscommercialsinterruptyoufromtimetotime,andmakeyouquite

annoyed.

Therearetworeasons,Ithink,forthegrowingnumberofadsonTV.

First,inacompetitiveeconomy,theconsumerusuallyhasthechoiceof

,manufacturersare

confrontedwithaproblem—howtokeeptheirsaleshighenoughtostay

advertising,eachproducertriestoconvincetheconsumersthatits

,

wanttogetfromTVadsthefirsthandinformationaboutnewproducts,

uently,ads

increaalotontheTVscreen.

AsfarasIamconcerned,IaminfavorofTVadsbecaumostofthem

reisnodenyingthatsomeTVads

lTVstationsarefacedwithanarduous

tasktostrengthenthecontrolofads,toimprovetheirqualityandto

makethemattractive.

2．Children'sEducation儿童教育

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

tgemdoesnotsparkle.(prov.)玉不琢，不成器。

thorneedsbreaking,andtheaptestchildneedsteaching.

(prov.)最好的马要驯，最聪明的孩子也要训。

untaughtthanilltaught.(prov.)宁可不受教育，也不受坏的教

育。

herodandspoilthechild.(prov.)孩子不打不成器。

’snogoodtokeepupwiththeJones.攀比没有什么好处。

childrenshoulddevelopthehabitofworkingandliving

independently.我想，孩子应养成独立工作和生活的习惯。

onlyarelaxedfamilyatmospherecanhelpthephysicalandthe

psychologicalgrowthofchildren.我想，只有轻松的家庭气氛才能有助于孩

子身心发展。

essivepermissivenessofprentdayparentsisdoingmoreharm

2

thangoodtochildrenandsocietyaswell.现在，做父母的过分放纵，对子

女和社会都是弊大于利。

enarehumanbeingsandshouldbetreatedassuch.孩子也是人

啊，所以应该当人看待。

ntslettheirchildrendowhatevertheylike,they’llruin

themforlife.如果父母允许孩子想做啥就做啥，他们会毁掉孩子的一生。

【写作范文】

TopFamilyPriority

Chinefamiliesaretraditionallyknownforvaluingtheeducationof

rentsaretryingtooffertheirchildrenthebest

educationpossible,s

tomethattherearethreereasonsforthis,allofwhichareconcerned

withthedemandsofmodernlife.

Firstly,withtheenforcementofonechildpolicy,andtheemergenceof

nuclearfamiliesasthedominantkinshipstructure,parentsplaceall

theirhopeson,sacrificeeverythingfor,

overemphasizetheimportanceoftheirchildren’rents

areleadingsimplelifeinordertosaveenoughmoneyfortheirchildren.

Quitesomeparentsaretryingtheirbesttondtheirchildrenabroad

ly,astheworldbecomesmoreandmore

competitive,manyparentshaverealizedthatonlyasoundeducationcan

guaranteetheirchildrenadecentstandardoflivinginthefuture.

Thirdly,alotofparentsinvestblindlyintheirchildren’ducation

simplytoshowoffinfrontoftheirneighborsorcolleaguesand“keep

upwiththeJones”.

Inmyopinion,parentsshouldbeawareofthegoaloflearningwhile

ouldconsiderwhat

theirchildren’saptitudesandinterestsarebeforerecklesslyspending

moneyonexpensiveeducation.

【学习要点】

①priority优先；优先权

②valuetheeducation重视教育

③thedominantkinshipstructure主导的亲属关系结构

④keepupwiththeJones.攀比(trytogetallthematerialthings

one’sneighbors,friendsorcolleagueshave)

⑤aptitude资质，才能

⑥recklessly粗心大意；不注意；鲁莽；不顾后果；不顾一切

3

【要点提示】

儿童教育在中国传统家庭中历来占据最重要的位置。作者回答了望子成龙的原因

这个问题。文章引言段（第一段）提出话题——人们普遍重视子女教育。正文（第

二段）阐述了重视子女教育的逐个原因。最后作者提出自己的忠告：...awareof

thegoaloflearningwhilerecognizingtheimportanceofagoodeducation.

Theyshouldconsiderwhattheirchildren’saptitudesandinterestsare...

文章对各种原因分析得清楚、全面。

【模拟训练】

ThelivingstandardsofaverageChinefamilieshavebeenimprovinga

enarelivingincozyconditions,suffering

opledonotthinkthatcomfortablelife

doesanygoodtothem,andsuggestthattheyshouldexperiencesome

hardshipsthatmayhelpenablethemtoadaptthemlvestothefierce

greeordisagreewiththis?Uspecific

reasonstosupportyouranswer.

Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

HardLifeIsGoodforChildren

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,statetheimportanceofhardlife.

Inthecondparagraph,statethereasonsforthenecessityofhardlife.



Inthelastparagraph,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusion.



Yourcompositionmaybebadonthefollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.Introduction

AnEnglishproverbgoeslikethis,“Sparetherodandspoilthechild”

„(ageneralexplanationoftheimportanceofhardlife)

Ⅱ.Body

TS:Firstofall,eatingbitterfoodsisnecessaryforachild.

DS:„(specificreasons)

TS:Secondly,parentsshouldalsomakethechilddohardwork.

DS:„(specificreasons)

TS:Finally,childrenshouldbenttosomewherewherelifeishardif

possible.

DS:„(specificreasons)

Ⅲ.ConclusionIfparentscanfollowthethreepointsdiscusd

above,„

(conclusion)

4

模拟训练参考作文】

HardLifeIsGoodforChildren

AnEnglishproverbgoeslikethis,“Sparetherodandspoilthe

child.”Itimpliesthatinordertoenableachildtogrowhealthily,

parentsmustmakehimeatbitterfoods,dohardworkandbenttoplaces

wherehecangetthefullesttrainingandknowledge.

Firstofall,od

canhelpcultivateinhimthefrugal（节俭的）habitandmakehimrealize

whatweeatdailyisthefruitofthesweatofthelaboringpeople.

Conquently,ly,parents

ardworkwillgivehim

er,hardworkmay

alsoenablehimtocherishthefruitofothers’y,children

ociety

sfromagreenhoucanneverwithstand

ore,childrenshouldbeallowedtofacetheworldandbrave

difficultconditionsthatyoungpeoplecangetthe

mosttrainingandlearnhowtosolveproblemsinvariouscircumstances.

Ifparentscanfollowthethreepointsdiscusdabove,theywillmake

itpossiblefortheirchildtomakeasuccessfullivingandgreat

accomplishmentsinhislife.

3．CompetitionandCooperation竞争与合作

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

anttoremaincompetentinthefiercecompetitions,youhave

tospendmuchtimereadingtomakeyourlfqualifiedfortheprentjob.

如果你想要在激烈的竞争中保持有竞争力，你就得花好多时间读书来使自己工作

称职。

itionisfoundeverywherebecauitishumaninbornnatureto

longforthebetter.到处都能发现竞争，因为渴望更好是人的天性。

oplearefondofcompetitionbecauitenablesthemtobring

theirknowledgeorskillsintofullplay.许多人喜欢竞争，因为竞争使他

们充分发挥自己的知识或技能。

tcompetition,peoplewouldremainidleandhavenoambition.

没有竞争，人们就会无所事事，没有抱负。

ndsmakelightwork.(prov.)众人拾柴火焰高。

ys,businesspeopleunderstandthattwomindsarebetterthanone.

Agroupofmindsivenmoresuperior.当今，商人都懂得两个人比一个人

智慧大，一群人的智慧就更大了。

5

itionandcooperationareinvolvedineveryfieldoflifeandwork.

社会各个领域都充满着竞争与合作。

scusdhowtoekandpromotecooperationbetweenthetwo

countries.

他们讨论，以寻求及促进两国间的合作。

mpetitionpromotesprogressandrenewsthelooksofoursociety.

公平竞争促进社会进步，使社会面貌焕然一新。

10.与competition有关的表达方式：tobeincompetitionwith与„竞争，

fierce/stiff/intencompetition激烈竞争，inthefaceofcompetition

在竞争中，no/notmuch/littlecompetition没有竞争力，alotof/

considerable/fiercecompetition竞争力强，towin/lo/entera

competition赢得/失去/进入竞争

【写作范文】

MyViewonCompetitionandCooperation

eattributes

thatareequallynecessaryforapersontoachievesuccessinhislife.



Ifyoulivedonafarmtwohundredyearsago,youcouldbeless

cooperativetoearnasuccessfullife,justworkinghardinyourfields,

oderntimes,peoplearelivingmore

mple,inafootballmatch,allplayerson

eworkersattheasmblyline

doingtheirpartsofworkindividually,butyoucanhardlyeanyproducts

erapiddevelopmentof

transportationandcommunicationsystemsliketheInternet,cooperation

isbecomingmoreandmoreindispensableandvitalforapersontosurvive

petitionisalsoveryimportantinmodernsociety.

Ifyouareanentrepreneurandwishcustomerstobuyyourproducts,you

itionstimulatespeopletoimprove

theirworkandmakestheworlddeveloprapidly.

Bothcompetitionandcooperationareinvolvedineveryfieldoflife

lyinmanyactivities,tance,

inlearningEnglish,ult,weallmake

nhelpeachother

bypointingouteachother’smistakesandexchangingideas.

Whileweadvocatecompetition,weshouldnotneglectcooperation.

ansurvivewithouthelpfromothers.

Onlywithbothcompetitionandcooperationcanweachievesuccessandlive

inpeaceandharmonywitheachother.

6

【学习要点】

①bring„intoplay把„使出来，使发挥作用

②teamwork协同作业，配合，协调工作，联合行动。比较：teamspirit（团

队精神）

③theasmblyline装配线

④involve包含，需要；使牵连，使陷入

⑤advocate提倡，主张(publiclysupportacertainwayofdoingthings)



⑥neglect忽视

⑦harmony和谐，协调，和睦



【要点提示】

本文为议论文。

⑴

文章首先提出：社会各个领域都充满着竞争与合作；然后通过例证方式证明：竞

争与合作不可分割；最后提出：竞争与合作并重。

⑵本文主要运用例证法论证了竞争与合作及二者的关系。关联词：forexample,

forinstance（例如）；asaresult（表示结果）。



【模拟训练】

MyViewonCompetition

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,stateyourattitude.

Inthecondparagraph,statethereasonsforyourview.

Inthelastparagraph,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusion.



Yourcompositionmaybebadonfollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.Introduction

TS:Itisnaturalthatpeopletrytoperformbetterthaneachotherat

everythingtheydo.

DS:①„②„③„(yourattitudetowardcompetition)

Ⅱ.Body

Itistruethatcompetition„inmanyways.

DS:①First,„②Second,„③„④„⑤„⑥„(reasonsfor

yourview)

Ⅲ.Conclusion

Ithinkcompetitionis„

DS：①„②„

7

【模拟训练参考作文】

MyViewonCompetition

Itisnaturalthatpeopletrytoperformbetterthaneachotherat

itionisanimportant

undeverywherebecauitishuman

therhand,somepeople

dislikeitbecauitmakesitdifficultforthemtosurviveinfierce

competition.

tmakes

,

sonbringingus

ocompetitionin

thelasttwentyyears,greatmanyfavorablechangeshavetakenplace

’

peoplearefondofcompetitionbecauitenablesthemtobringtheir

anttoleadaprosperouslife,

youhavetoperformmuchbetterthanothers.

anttostay

competent,orifyouarenotsatisfiedwithyourprentcondition,you

tcompetition,peoplewouldremain

ore,competitionmeansprogress.

4．DiligenceandSuccess勤奋与成功

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

nceoutstripspoverty.(prov.)勤能克穷。

snotbuiltinaday.(prov.)罗马不是一天建成的。伟业非一日

之功。

eofeverything,andnothingatall.(prov.)每事浅尝辄止，结

果将一事无成。

avegreattalents,industrywillhelpimprovethem;ifyouhave

butmoderateabilities,industrywillsupplytheirdeficiency.—

Reynolds如果你有大才干，勤奋将会提高你的才干；如果你能力一般，勤奋将

补足你能力的欠缺。——雷诺兹

willeatthekernelmustcrackthenut.(prov.)要吃果仁，先

破果壳。

dpatiencewillperformwonders.(prov.)劳动加耐心必能创造出

奇迹。

ngsareimpossibletodiligenceandskill.(prov.)勤奋加技巧，

无事不可为。

8

Everymanisafoolsometimes,butnoneatalltime.

人有时当傻瓜，但没有人始终当傻瓜。

youthfulvigor,oplederve

morepayandpromotion.他充满青春活力、勤奋、谦虚。这样的人应得到加薪

晋级。

ppinessliesinthefruitoflaborproducedbyone’ssweatand

toil.(prov.)真正的幸福是用汗水和辛劳创造出的劳动成果。

an’stalentsaregovernedbylaziness,hewillachievenothing.

(prov.)人的才能一旦让懒惰支配了，就将无所作为

nceredeemsstupidity.(prov.)勤能补拙。

rkconquersallthings.(prov.)勤劳赢得一切。

【写作范文】

MyViewonDiligenceandSuccess

verbsays,

“Diligenceisthemotherofsuccess.”Diligencemeansworkinghardand

persistently.

tconstantefforts,noone

Edisonkepton

workinghardforalongtimebeforehewasabletoinventtheelectric

urieworkedhardinthepoorconditionsformanyyearsbefore

oplemayattributesuccesstogood

dluckfavorsonlythowhoarealwayswellpreparedand

nesscanonlyleadtopoverty.

Ifyoudonotdevoteyourlftoyourstudyandwork,youcanhardlymake

aliving,letalonemakesomeaccomplishments.

Ascollegestudents,wemustbeawarethattheonlywaytosuccessishard

concentrateourattentiononourstudies,andmakefullu

ofourprecioustime,inordertomeetthefiercechallengesinthefuture

rtainthatourfuturesuccesswillonlyrestonour

verbsays,“Onlybyworkinghard,canwereap

abumperharvest”.

【学习要点】

heirsuccesstohardwork把成功归因于勤劳

ne更不用说，还不算：如：Hehasnoenoughmoneyforfood,let

aloneamuments.他连吃饭的钱都不够，更不用说娱乐了。

lishment完成；成就，动词是accomplish（取得，完成）

lluof充分利用„

9

(up)on依靠，寄托在如：Theoutcomerestsonyourdecision.

结果就取决于你的决定。

umperharvest获得大丰收



【要点提示】

本文用谚语开头，说明勤奋与成功的关系：勤奋是成功之母；然后作者通过例证

法证明了勤奋对于成功的重要；最后劝大学生只有努力学习，才能获得未来的成

功。

本文突出的论证方法是例证法。作者用爱迪生和居里夫人的事例证明勤奋的重

要。例证法要求所选事例应该典型，众所周知，说服力强。



【模拟训练】

Howdoyouaccountforthatstatement:Youwon’thaveanyaccomplishment

withoutmakinggreatefforts?Uspecificreasonsandexamplestoexplain

it.

Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

NoPains,NoGains

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,explain“Nopains,nogains”.

Inthecondparagraph,illustratetheproverb.

Inthelastparagraph,bringwhatyou’vewrittentoanaturalconclusion.



Yourcompositionmaybebadonthefollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.Introduction

TS:Theproverb,“Nopains,nogains,”meansthat„

Ⅱ.Body

TS:Inhistory,therehavebeenmanyfamouspeopleofgreatachievements.



DS:„(illustration)

Ⅲ.Conclusion

Ontheotherhand,idlenessisbelievedtobetherootofallevil.„

(contrastwithdiligence,andconclusion)

【模拟训练参考作文】

NoPains,NoGains



Theproverb,“Nopains,nogains,”meansthatyouhavetomakegreat

effortsifyouwanttoachievesomesuccess,fornothingbutpovertycan

10

beobtainedwithouteffort.

Inhistory,therehavebeenmanyfamouspeopleofgreatachievements.

indtheirsuccess,they

insaid,

“Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercent

perspiration.”Hehadbeenworkinghardformanyyearsbeforehefinally

Edisonexperiencedcountless

nxiawas

abletowintheworldchampionshipoflongdistanceraceonlybecaushe

ore,diligenceisthekeytosuccess.

neisawardedthe

ntly,diligenceis

essisnearlyalwaysarewardforhard

work.

Ontheotherhand,idlenessisbelievedtobetherootofallevil.

Anyonewhohabituallylikesidlingbutdesireverythingisdaydreaming.

Weshouldbeawarethatifwedreamawayourprecioustime,whenwewake

up,,ascollegestudents,

weshouldneverstopworkinghardsothatwewillremainsuccessfulin

thefuturecompetitions.

5．Education教育

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

-educationisaprocessinwhichpeopledeveloptheirmindsand

gainknowledgebyteachingthemlvesthroughreadingbooksratherthan

learningthingsinschool.自我教育是通过读书而不是在学校学习来发展思

维、获得知识的过程。

-educationstayswithusthroughoutourlives.自我教育伴随我们一

生。

possibletokeepupwiththeworldunlessyoukeeponlearning.

如果不坚持学习，就不可能跟上世界的发展。

anttoremaincompetentinthefiercecompetitions,youhave

tospendmuchtimereadingtomakeyourlfqualifiedfortheprentjob.

如果你想要在激烈的竞争中保持有竞争力，你就得花好多时间读书来使自己工作

称职。

educationisaneffectivewaytomakeourlvesintelligentand

learned.自我教育是使自己聪明和长知识的有效方式。

entproblemforustosolveisthatoftheeducationofchildren

inmanyruralareas.我们要解决的紧迫问题是许多农村儿童受教育的问题。



11

ysmanyjobsdemandyoungpeoplewithacollegeeducation.现

在许多工作都要求有大学学历的年轻人。

tofeducatingchildrenhasbeenrisingenormously.儿童教育

费用一直大幅度增长。

ulptureistoablockofmarble,educationistothesoul.—

Addison

教育之于灵魂，犹雕刻之于大理石。——阿狄生

eefoundationsoflearning:eingmuch,sufferingmuch,and

studyingmuch.—Catheral

求学的三个条件是：多观察，多吃苦，多研究。——加菲劳

【写作范文】

OnTheImportanceOfEducation

Educationplaysanimportantroleinone’rocessinwhich

educationpreparesoneforthefruitfullifeandsuccessfulcareerin

keepsonlearninganythingnewcankeepupwiththerapid

developmentoftheworld,makehimlfqualifiedforhisjob,andimprove

,itisnecessaryforonetoreceive

education.

ecisivefactor

ionmakesitpossibletopassonthevaluable

knowledgeofourancestors,andatthesametime,makesiteasierto

ventionsandadvanceshavebeen

eenprovedthateducationis

necessaryforthedevelopmentofeconomyandtheadvanceofcivilization.

CountrieslikeJapanthathavelaidgreatemphasisoneducationhave

eincreasingnumberof

educatedpeople,ourcountryisdevelopingveryfast.

Therefore,educationisthekeytothedevelopmentofindividualsandthe

rtocatchupwiththeadvancedanddevelopedcountries,

wemustattachgreatemphasistoeducation.

【学习要点】

attachemphasisto重视，相当于layemphasison



【要点提示】

文章第一段论证教育对个人的作用；第二段论证教育对社会的作用；最后得出结

论：

Therefore,educationisthekeytothedevelopmentofindividualsandthe

12

rtocatchupwiththeadvancedanddevelopedcountries,

wemustattachgreatemphasistoeducation.这种论证的顺序合乎逻辑，因

为社会是由个人组成的。



表示结论的关联词语：thus（因此），therefore（因此，所以）。



【模拟训练】

Mostpeoplewouldagreethatlfcific

reasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

OnSelfEducation

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,statetheimportanceoflfeducation.

Inthecondparagraph,statethereasonsforlfeducation.

Inthelastparagraph,bringwhatyou’vewrittentoanaturalconclusion.



Yourcompositionmaybebadonthefollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.Introduction

TS:Selfeducationisaprocessinwhichpeople...

DS:...(generalexplanationofitsuandimportance)

Ⅱ.Body

TS:Selfeducationstayswithusthroughoutourlives.

DS:...(reasonsforlfeducation,itsbenefits,andinstances)

Ⅲ.Conclusion

TS：Selfeducationisaneffectivewaytomakeourlvesintelligent

andlearned.(summaryofthebenefits)

【模拟训练参考作文】

Self-education

Self-educationisvaluedasaprocessinwhichpeopledeveloptheir

mindsandgainknowledgebyteachingthemlvesthroughreadingbooks

ourknowledgeandskills

saveryimportantroleinourlife.



rtokeep

upwiththerapiddevelopmentofmodernworld,wehavetokeepontrying

anttoremaincompetentinthefierce

competitions,youhavetospendmuchtimereadingtomakeyourlf

mouspeoplebenefitalotfrom

tance,MarkTwain’sformalschoolingendedatthe

ageof11,buthecontinuedtoreadextensively,andbecame“thetrue

13

fatherofAmericanliterature.”AbrahamLincoln,the16thUSpresident,

masEdison,thegreatestinventor,had

onlythreemonths’ykeptonlearning,readingall

edtheirsuccesstolf-education.

Therefore,lf-educationisaneffectivewaytomakeourlves

means,wecanconstantlyimproveourwork

andgetmoreopportunitiesofpromotioninourposts.

6．EnvironmentalProtection环境保护

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

ywasbeautifiedonatremendousscale.这城市进行了大规模地

美化。

opleinsistthatenvironmentalprotectionshouldbeatop

priority.许多人坚持认为环保应是头等大事。

ironmentaldamageisthepricewehavetopayfortherapid

economicdevelopment.环境的破坏就是我们为快速的经济发展所付出的代价。



ingconditionsaregettingworandworbecauofthe

destructionofourenvironment.因为我们的环境遭到破坏，我们的生活条件

也随之日益恶化。

geextent,thedestructionofenvironmentresultsfromtherapid

developmentofeconomyandincreaofpopulation.在很大程度上，环境

的破坏导致于经济的快速发展和人口的增长。

eofnaturalresourceshasaffectedecologicalbalance.[CS]

自然资源的过度利用已影响了生态平衡。

mentsofallcountriesshouldestablishstrictlawstostopthe

environmentalpollution.所有国家的政府都应建立严格的法律，来阻止环境污

染。

ndharmfulchemicalsfromfactoriesandgarbagefromcitieshave

pollutedourenvironment.工厂排放出的烟和有害化学物质及城市垃圾污染了

我们的环境。

scanbeturnedintocultivatedlandandoasbyplantinga

certainkindofshrub.在沙漠上种植某种灌木丛，能使沙漠变为耕地和绿洲。



ingofpaper,steel,andplasticsisimportantforhelping

protectourenvironment.回收利用纸、钢和塑料对于保护环境极为重要。

【写作范文】

14

HowtoSolvetheProblemofEnvironmentalProtection

Theproblemofenvironmentalprotectionhasdrawnattentionandconcern

ofpeopleallovertheworld,forpeoplehaverealizedthathumansare

apartofnatureandshouldberesponsiblefortheecologicalbalance.

Theworldpopulationisgrowingsorapidlythatourearthemstoocrowded.

reductionofwoodedareashasresultedinincreadfloodingandwater

shortagesindryasons.

an

instance,erage

oftheworld’sforestsisrapidlydiminishing,whichisattributedto

thewarsinIraqandYugoslavia,manychemicalweaponswereud.

Conquently,eris

naturalcatastrophes,suchasforestfires，floods,andvolcanoes.

So,governmentsofallcountriesshouldestablishstrictlawstoprevent

esshouldbetakento

s,more

greenbeltsshouldbebuilteveryyear,andforestsshouldbewell

neshouldtryhisbesttomakeourearthabetterplace

tosurvive.

【学习要点】

①beresponsiblefor为„负责

②theecologicalbalance生态平衡

③turninto变成

④denudation滥伐；剥光；剥夺

⑤diminish（使）减少；（使）变小

⑥catastrophe大灾难

⑦greenbelts绿色地带



【要点提示】

Fortunesmilesuponthebraveandfrownsuponthecoward.

好运向勇敢者微笑，对懦夫皱眉。

⑴本文首先说明了环境破坏的现象，然后分析了造成的原因，最后提出了环保

建议。三个部分之间联系紧密，论证清晰，逻辑严密，表达流畅。

⑵论证方式：①举例法，关联词：Forinstance②表示结果的关联词：

Conquently③表示进一步说明或强调的关联词：Besides

⑶由于文章涉及环境问题，许多动词的施动者不清楚，因此多数句子用了被动态。



15

【模拟训练】

Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

EconomicDevelopmentandEnvironmentalProtection

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,stateoneopinion.

Inthecondparagraph,statetheotheropinion.

Inthelastparagraph,stateyoursuggestion.

Itisnotworkthatkills,butworry.

伤身的不是工作，而是忧虑。

Yourcompositionmaybebadonthefollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.Introduction:

TS:Somepeoplethinkthattheurgenttaskistodevelopeconomyonalarge

scale.

DS:①„②„③„(reasons:supp

ortingdetails)

Ⅱ.Body:

TS:Ontheotherhand,manypeopleinsistthatenvironmentalprotection

isatoppriority.

DS:①„②„③„(reasons:supportingdetails)

Ⅲ.Conclusion:

TS:Inmyopinion,„

DS:①„②„③„.④„⑤„⑥„(detailedsuggestion)

【模拟训练参考作文】

EconomicDevelopmentandEnvironmentalProtection

Somepeoplethinkthattheurgenttaskinourcountryistodevelop

ople,especiallyinruralareas,are

ildrencannotaffordtoreceivethecompulsory

lievethattheonlywaytogetridofpovertyisto

developeconomy,whichisboundtobringprosperity.

Ontheotherhand,manypeopleinsistthatenvironmentalprotection

sourcesaredwindlingbecauofwater

lossandsoilerosion,wastegaspoisontheairwearebreathing,and

rivers,lakes,andevenasarepollutedbywastedumpedinthemfrom

tly,thedeteriorationofthequalityofthe

sbroughtthe

pollutionistherapidandadvanceddevelopmentofeconomy.

Inmyopinion,botheconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection

teconomicdevelopment,wewouldremain

16

backward,andwemightbeconqueredandbulliedbyothercountries.

Withoutenvironmentalprotection,ore,the

bestsolutionisthatweshoulddevotetotheprotectionofourhomewhile

splentyofevidencetoshowthat

sustainabledevelopmentcanbeachievedbybalancingeconomicgrowthwith

ndingsinscientificrearchcan

egovernmentand

ordinarypeopleshouldjoinhandstomakethisworldabetterplaceto

livein,notonlyforourlves,butalsoforfuturegenerations.

7．GenerationGap代沟

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

ngarebettereducated;theyenjoyalotmorethingsthanthe

old:theyhavemoneytospend;theyarelessdependentontheirparents;

theygrowupmorequickly;andtheyenjoymorefreedom.年轻人受更好的

教育；他们欣赏的东西比老年人多很多：他们有钱可花；他们不太依靠父母；他

们成长较快，而且他们更喜欢自由。

ngdonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.年轻人并

不盲目接受老年人的理想。

assumethattheyknowbest,butitisonlyamatterofexperience.

老年人认为他们知道的最多，可这只是经验的问题。

ngknowhowtoenjoyworkandleisureandnottobeinhibited.

年轻懂得怎样享受工作和闲暇，知道怎样不受压抑。

ngdonotassumetheirresponsibility;theyevadeit.年轻人不

承担责任；他们逃避责任。

ngareconcernedonlywithmakingmoney.年轻人只顾赚钱。

ngshouldfeelgratefultotheoldergenerationwhohavecreated

thegoodlifeforthem.老一代人为年轻人创造美好生活，年轻人对此应该感

激。

providetheyoungwithagoodeducationandmoneytospend.老

年人为年轻人提供教育和需要花的钱。

eople’soutlookontheworldisverybleakandtheyareskeptical

ofeverything.年轻人的世界观非常消极，而且他们对一切都持怀疑态度。

ecocksure.年轻人不稳。他们过于

自信。

【写作范文】

OnGenerationGap

17

Generationgapreferstothelackofunderstandingbetweengenerations

ommon

phenomenonthatexistverywhereandhasagreatinfluenceonthe

relationshipbetweengenerations.

Peopleofdifferentgenerationsarelikelytohavedifferentviewsand

odifferentexperiences,theyoung

eopleonaveragefavorchanges

andnewideas,whileoldpeopleareusuallyconrvative,stickingto

traditionalprinciplesandoldideas,andlookingdownonyoungpeople’s

tencausobstacles

vegreatdifficultyinreachinganagreementwhile

ent

opinionsbetweenparentsandchildrenusuallyendinquarreling.

Generationgapmayresultinsomenegativeinfluenceunlesswedealwith

ngandtheoldshouldfindmorethattheycanshare,

andtheyshouldunderstandeachotherratherthancondemningtheweak

egapmaybecomenarrowerandhavelittleeffectontheir

workandrelationbetweengenerations.

【学习要点】

①onaverage一般，平均

②conrvative保守的

③sticktotraditionalprinciples坚持传统原则

④innovative革新的，更新的

⑤radical激进的；根本的；激进分子

⑥condemn谴责，责备；判刑



【要点提示】

⑴本文首先给出代沟的定义，然后说明代沟的具体体现，最后提出对于代沟的

态度。

⑵论证方法：

①定义法(definition)：文章第一句用定义法引出话题，说明代沟的概念，即

回答Whatisgenerationgap?让读者首先了解代沟的概念。

②对比法(contrast)：采用对比方式说明不同代人的分歧。对比法是很有效的

说明方式。本文涉及经历对比、爱好对比、观念对比。常用表示对比的关联词：

whereas,while,however,ratherthan,ontheotherhand等。



【模拟训练】

usit?What

18

isyoursuggestionabouthowtonarrowthegap?

Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

OnGenerationGap

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,statetheproblem.

Inthecondparagraph,analyzethecaus.

Inthelastparagraph,stateyoursuggestion.

Yourcompositionmaybebadonthefollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.Introduction

TS:Inmoderntimes,thereisoftenalackofunderstandingbetween

generations.

DS:„(mentioningofgenerationgap-acommonproblem

Ⅱ.Body

TS:Generationgapresultsfromdifferentfactors.

DS:Firstofall,„Second,„Third,„

(causofthegap)

Ⅲ.Conclusion

Inmyopinion,thegapcanbebridgedonlyif„(solution)

【模拟训练参考作文】

OnGenerationGap

Inmoderntimes,thereisoftenalackofunderstandingbetween

enoftencomplainthattheirparentscannotunderstand

them,whileparentsfeelsorrythattheirchildrenldomshowthemproper

ommonsocial

problemeverywhere.

fall,

generationgapiscaudbydifferentunderstandingofthegreatchanges

intheworldanddifferentattitudestowardtraditionalprinciplesand

eopleareusuallyfondofchangesandchallenges,andthey

ontrary,

oldpeopleonaverageareconrvative,stickingtotraditionalideas.

Second,owingtotheirdifferentages,experiences,values,andwaysof

thinking,tance,manyyoung

peoplearecrazyaboutpopsongsandjazzmusic,whereasmostoldpeople

thinkthe“nois”,youngpeoplehaveopportunities

wouldnotblindlyfollowtheirparents’ychoo

19

us

enregardtheirparents’concernforthemasa

r,parentsmaintainthattheirchildrenarestillyoungand

ildrenturnadeafeartotheir

wellintentionedadvice,theyfeelangryandsad.

Inmyopinion,thegapcanbebridgedonlyifbothparentsandchildren

sshouldtreattheirchildrenlikeequalsrather

thanbabies,andtrytounderstandthefeelingsandthoughtsoftheyoung.

Childrenshouldrespecttheirparentsandbeawarethatwhattheirparents

doisfortheirgood.

8．IntelligenceandEnvironment智力与环境

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

rkcanoftenmakeupforalackofintelligence.勤能补拙。

dicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.这说明

除了先天外，环境同样也起作用。

retransmittedfromonegenerationtoanotherbythechromosomes.

基因是由染色体从一代遗传到下一代。

nwhoquicklylearnsandunderstandshasgoodintelligence.学

习和理解迅速的人智商高。

’scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishomeenvironment.

Childrenneedahappyhomeenvironment.家庭环境对孩子的个性影响很大。

孩子需要幸福的家庭环境。

familyprovidesalovingenvironmentforitschildren.幸福

的家庭为孩子提供一个充满爱的环境。

enshouldbetakenawayfromthebadenvironmentalinfluencesin

whichtheylive.应让孩子离开他们所生活的恶劣环境。

mouspeoplegrewupintheenvironmentofpoverty.许多名人都

在贫穷的环境里长大。

high/average/lowintelligence智商高/中/低的人，an

intelligentreply聪明的回答，anintelligentreader聪明的读者，

intelligencetest智力测验，intelligencequotient智商，intellectual

curiosity求知欲，anintellectualworker脑力劳动者，intellectualpowers

智力，anintellectualoccupation用脑的职业，intelligentsia知识界，知

识分子（总称）。

nmentalpollution环境污染，contaminatetheenvironment污染环

境，aperfectenvironmentforworkandrest工作和休息的极好环境。

20

【写作范文】

IntelligenceandEnvironment

Itistruethatsomepeopleareborncleverandothersbornstupid.

Apparently,intelligenceisinnatequality,thatis,tosomeextent,our

havingclobloodrelationship

oidenticaltwins,for

ysharethesameintelligence.

Anditisalsorighttobelievethatintelligenceisaffectedbythe

environmentswearelivinginandtheeducationwe’

wouldhappentotheirintelligenceiftwoidenticaltwinsareputin

differentenvironments?Wemightndoneofthem,forinstance,toa

specialeducationorwhateverfavorableenvironmentcanmakeageniusout

therhand,forchildrenwith

similaroridenticalintelligence,thowholiveinfavorable

environmentsmaydeveloptheirintelligencebetterthanthowhogrow

owstheeffectofenvironmentson

intelligencethoughintelligenceiswhatpeoplearebornwith.

Theaboveanalysisshowsthatgoodeducationandfavorableliving

conditionsandsurroundingshaveagreatpositiveeffectonone’s

rtomakechildrenmore

intelligent,weshouldmakegreateffortstoimprovetheireducationand

livingconditions.

【学习要点】

①innate先天的，天生的

②tosomeextent在某种程度上

③identical相同的



【要点提示】

本文是通过对比法论证智力是与生俱来的，同时还证明环境对一个人的智力发展

有很大的影响。最后得出结论：虽然智力是与生俱来的，但后天影响对智力发展

有积极的影响。接着作者提出建议：Inordertomakechildrenmoreintelligent,

weshouldmakegreateffortstoimprovetheireducationandliving

conditions.



【模拟训练】

Somepeoplebelievethatintelligenceisinnate,whileothersarguethat

yourpointofviewonthis?Uspecificreasons

21

foryouranswer.

Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

IsIntelligenceBornorDeveloped

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,stateyouranswer.

Inthecondparagraph,discusstherelationbetweenintelligenceand

environment.

Inthelastparagraph,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusion.



Writethecompositionaccordingtotheframework:

Ⅰ.Introduction:Intelligenceisbothbornanddeveloped

Ⅱ.Body:

TS1:Itiasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwe

arebornwith.

DS:„(examples)

TS2:Environmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.

DS:„（examples）

Ⅲ.Conclusion:Insum,ourintelligenceisgivenatbirth,butit’

salsoaffectedbytheenvironment.

【模拟训练参考作文】

IsIntelligenceBornorDeveloped

Aresomepeopleborncleverandothersstupid?Orisintelligence

developedbyourenvironmentorourexperiences?Strangelyenough,for

mypart,theanswertobothquestionsisyes.

Ifwetaketwopeopleatrandomfromthecrowd,itislikelythattheir

,ontheother

hand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillprobablysharealmostthe

sytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextent

rthebloodrelationshipbetweentwo

people,theclortheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.

example,wemightndonetoauniversitywherehecanreceiveagood

educationandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring,wewould

soonfinddifferencesintheirintelligencedevelopment,andthis

indicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.

Insum,ourintelligenceisgivenatbirth,butit’salsoaffected

bytheenvironment.

22

9．LuckNumbers幸运数

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

titiouspeoplearethowhobelieveinluckandtheywillnot,

derladders,uthenumber13,travelonaFriday,etc..迷

信的人就是相信运气的人，例如他们不会在梯子下走，不使用数字13，不在星

期五旅行等。

uperstitiouspersonsheis;shewon’tsleepinRoom13.她

是多么迷信的人；她不肯在13号房间睡觉。

’tthinknumbershaveanythingtodowithluck.我认为数字与运

气没有关系。

sarecreatedforcounting.数字是为了记数而创造的。

opleareconvincedthatgoodnumbersbringgoodluckwhilebad

numbersbringbadluck.有些人确信，好的数字能带来好运，而坏的数字会带

来厄运。

hotelsinwesterncountries,thereisnonumber13room.西

方国家有些旅店没有13号房间。

d,numbersstandfornothingbutquantity.总之，数字只代表

数量。

olishofsomebusinesspeopletobelievethatgoodnumberswill

bringgoodluck.有些商人真够愚蠢的，竟然相信好的数字会带来好运。

peoplehavethesuperstitionthat13isanunluckynumber.相信数字13

不吉利，这是典型的迷信。许多人都有这种迷信观念，认为13是不吉利的数字。

nsuperstitionconsidereditbadlucktosleepinaroomnumbered

13.普遍的迷信观念认为在13号房间睡觉不吉利。

【写作范文】

topic:NumbersHaveNothingtoDowithLuck

s

like6,8,16and18,oranynumberndingin8,areregardedaslucky

realso

somepeoplewhobelievethattheirsuccessorfailuresarerelatedto

certainnumbers.

Idon’tthinkit’

yougoshopping,

dopeoplefavorthisnumber?Thereasonisthatthenumber8happensto

sharethesamesoundwiththewordfor“makeafortune”inCantone;

23

andbusinesspeoplethinkcustomersmayfavoranythingwiththenumber.

mple,inJapane,

thesoundofthenumber4isthesameasthatofthewordfor“die”.

Inordertoavoidtheunpleasantassociation,peopleusuallyua

differentsound(/ｊ:/)ther8nor4hassuch

rly,theassociationofthenumber

13doesn’toccurinChine.

Tosumup,weshouldbelieveinourownabilityratherthanthemagiclucky

gbutourconstanteffortmaybringusgoodluck.

【学习要点】

①coincidence巧合

②association关联，联想

③Cantone广东话；广东人



【要点提示】

本文为议论文。作者以充分论据驳倒认为好的数字能带来好运，坏的数字会带来

厄运的迷信观念。最后作者得出结论：weshouldbelieveinourownability

gbutourconstanteffortmay

bringusgoodluck.作者通过驳论的形式论证数字与运气没有联系。驳论法是

指作者通过反驳对立的、错误的见解和主张，从而证明自己的见解、主张的正确

性。驳论需要有正确的理论和确凿的事实作依据，准确地找出对方的错误所在。



【模拟训练】

Somepeoplebelievethatthereareluckynumbersthatcanbringgoodluck.

your

opinion?

Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

LuckyNumbersBringNoGoodLuck

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,statethemisbelief.

Inthecondparagraph,givethereasonsforyourview.

Inthelastparagraph,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusion.



Writethecompositionaccordingtothefollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.Introduction

Manypeoplebelievethatsomenumbersareluckynumbersandsomearebad

numbers„(themisbelief)

Ⅱ.Body

24

Actuallynumbershavenothingtodowithluck.

DS:„(thereasonsforthebelief)

Ⅲ.Conclusion

Inaword,numbersareonlynumbersthatstandfornothingbutquantity.„

(opinion)

【模拟训练参考作文】

LuckyNumbersBringnoGoodLuck

Manypeoplebelievethatsomenumbersareluckynumbersandsomeare

aimthatluckynumberscanbringgoodluckwhilebad

whywecanethenumber8onmost

oplepaymuchmoremoneyfortheir

so-calledluckynumbersbringgoodluck?

believe8is

luckynumberonlybecauthesoundofeighthappenstobeidenticalto

thatofthatwordfor“makeafortune”ry

ilarcoincidences

nnatureareonlyarbitrary

verysamereferentoridea,

pearesaid,“Ifwe

callarobyanyothername,itwouldsmellsweetaswell.”Thismeans

culture,oncertainoccasions,evennumberssymbolizeauspicewhileodd

numbersaresomehowassociatedwiththeopposite.

Inaword,numbersareonlynumbersthatstandfornothingbutquantity.

Therefore,itisunreasonabletobelieveinluckynumbers.

10．TrafficProblems交通问题

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

salotoftraffic(thevehiclesmovingalongaroadorstreet)

duringtherushhourontheroad.这条路高峰时来往车辆极多。

icemanstandsatthecrossroadstoregulatethetraffic.

警察站在十字路口，疏导交通。

ishmentforignoringtrafficregulationsisafineof100dollars.

对无视交通规则的处罚是一百美元的罚款。

adwillbeopento(或for)trafficnextmonth.这条路下个月

通车。

25

eriinpopulation,thetrafficincitiesbecomesheavierand

heavier.随着人口的增长，城市交通日益拥挤。

afficisanurgentproblemnowadays,butnobettersolutionis

foundsofar.城市交通是紧迫的问题，但目前还没找到更好的解决办法。

caccidents,whicharecommonoccurrencesinbigcities,aredue

tovariousfactors.大城市交通事故是司空见惯的事，造成交通事故的因素多

种多样。

ghcarshavebroughtusmuchconvenience,manypeoplehavebegun

torealizethattheyarethesourceoftroubleaswell.尽管小汽车给我

们带来许多方便，但许多人已意识到它们同样是麻烦的根源。

stuckintheheavytrafficformorethananhour.因交通拥挤，

我们滞留了一个多小时。

ccalming交通警示标志，trafficcircle环形交通枢纽，trafficcone

锥形交通路标，trafficcontrol交通管理，trafficcop(=trafficpoliceman)

交通警察，trafficcourt交通法庭，trafficdepartment交通局，trafficjam

(=trafficcongestion,trafficblock，trafficsnarl)交通阻塞，traffic

lights(trafficsignal)交通灯，trafficoffence交通违章行为，traffic

school交通学校，trafficsign交通标志，trafficticket交通违章通知单，

trafficwarden交通监督员；计时停车处管理员。

【写作范文】

topic:

HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTraffic

Withtherapidincreaofpopulationanddevelopmentofeconomy,the

result,streetsarefullofeverflowingvehiclessuchascars,bus,

kestrafficjamsacommonencounter

ainlycausmuchinconvenience,wasteoftime

andinefficiency.

However,itisverydifficulttofindagoodsolutiontothisproblem.

ButIthinkthefollowingsuggestionsmaybeadvisabletothoconcerned.

First,ourgovernmentshouldputmoreinvestmentinbuildingmoreroads

toacceleratetheflowoftrafficandthereforerelievetheheavytraffic

s,theoldnarrowstreetsshouldbebroadened

disadvantage

,moreroutesofbus

way,thenumberofbikesandcarsonthe

rmore,moreundergroundpassagewaysor

flyoversshouldbebuiltsothatpedestrianscancrossstreetssafely,

andbothtrafficaccidentsandcongestioncanbeavoided.

Theabovemethodsmaybefeasible,buttheywilldepend,toalargeextent,

more,peopleshouldbeaware

26

oftheurgencyoftrafficproblemsthatmaypossiblyhinderthe

opularsayinggoes,“Ifyouwanttobecome

rich,justbuildmoreroads.”

【学习要点】

①acommonencounter经常的遭遇

②pedestrian行人

③investment投资

④toacceleratetheflowoftraffic加速车辆流动

⑤attheexpenof以„为代价

⑥pulldown(houtc.)扒倒（房屋等）

⑦undergroundpassageways地下通道

⑧flyover(=overpass)立交桥；天桥

⑨feasible可行的



【要点提示】

本文为议论文。文章首先提出交通问题的严重，然后分项提出自己的建议，最后

一段起强调作用。以一句熟语“Ifyouwanttobecomerich,justbuildmore

roads.”结尾使文章更具说服力。

【模拟训练】

oplethinkthe

yourposition?



Writeacompositionofabout150wordsonthefollowingtopic:

MotorcyclesandCityTraffic

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,stateyourattitude.

Inthecondparagraph,discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagedof

motorcycles.

Inthelastparagraph,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusion.



Yourcompositionmaybebadonthefollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.Introduction

TS:Nowadays,wecanemoreandmoremotorcyclesonthestreetsinbig

cities.

DS:①„②„③„④„(supportingfacts)

Ⅱ.Body

27

TS1:Itsadvantagesare,„

DS:①„②„③„(supportingfacts)

TS2:However,„

DS:①„②„③„(disadvantages)



Ⅲ.Conclusion:Inspiteofitsshortcomings,„

【模拟训练参考作文】

MotorcyclesandCityTraffic

Nowadays,wecanemoreandmoremotorcyclesonthestreetsinbig

cities.

uthemliketaxis

kealivingbycarryingpasngersbetween

opleregardmotorcyclesasthesymbolofthequick

improvementofpeople’sepeopledislike

themotorcyclehasbothitsadvantagesand

disadvantages.

Itsadvantagesare,thatfirstofall,itisnotsoexpensiveasacar,

,sinceitcantakepeopletotheir

destinationalonganarrowpathorlane,peopleliketorideortakeit.

rmore,itoccupiesmuchless

more,trafficjamhasnoeffecton

motorcycles.

However,duetoitshighspeed,amotorcycleismorelikelytocau

ersoftenruntheriskoflosingtheir

edwithtaxis,theyaremoredangerousbothtotheriders

s,itproducesloudnoisandpollutesthe

aircomparedwithbikes.

Inspiteofitsshortcomings,themotorcycleofferspeoplemuch

ithasabrightfuture,anditwillbecomepopular

asacommontransportationmeansincitiesinafewyears.

11．PrivateCars私人小汽车

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

dsaresooftenjammedwithcarsthatambulancesandfireengines

finditdifficulttofulfiltheirduties.路常塞车，救护车、消防车都很

难执行任务。

earcarownershavetopayvastsumsofmoney:roadtax,purcha

tax,oiltax,abigdrainontheirresources.每年，车主

28

要付很多钱：路税、购买税、油税等。这是他们财力上的很大消费。

hinahassuchalargepopulation,thepopularizationofprivate

carswillonlybringaboutrioussocialproblems.由于中国人口多，私

人小汽车的普及只会带来严重的社会问题。

ybodyhadacarinChina,therewouldbenospaceontheroads.

如果在中国人人都有小汽车，公路上将不会有空地。

ecars,ontheotherhand,areamoreconvenientwaytogetany

placeatanytime.私人汽车却可以在任何时候更方便地到达任何地方。

placespeoplehavethefreedomtochoowhethertheycommute

toworkbypublictransportationorbyprivatetransportation.在许多

地方人们可自由选择乘公交车还是坐私人车去上班。

areencouragedtoownprivatecars,andmanywealthypeoplecan

affordtobuycars.鼓励人们拥有私人小汽车，而且许多富人都能买得起。

ebuildingofgoodfastmotorways,longdistancescanbecovered

rapidlyandpleasantly.由于优质快速的高速公路的兴建，人们可以快速轻松

地长途旅行。

bicyclesistiringanduncomfortableespeciallywhentheweather

arewellprotectedincars.骑自行车尤其在天气不好时又

累人又不舒服。人们坐在小汽车里就可受到保护了。

msliketoomanyroad

signs,faultytrafficlights,suddennarrowingofstreetsandcongested

parkingaretherealcauofroadtrafficaccidents.出车祸并不是小汽

车之过。像太多的路标、错误的交通灯、街道突然变窄及停车拥挤。这些问题是

交通事故的真正原因。

【写作范文】

topic:

PrivateCarsShouldBeEncouragedinChina

Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyinourcountry,manypeoplehave

believe

sIam

concerned,privatecarshavemoreadvantages.

First,

singacargivesoneamuch

greaterdegreeofmobility,t

cars,re

oftencrowdedandslow,earemore

cars,peoplecangetaroundmoreeasily.

Second,withthepopularizationofcars,thesuburbswillbecomemore

developed,earemore

29

carsinruralareas,gap

betweentownandcountrywillbecomesmaller.

Third,vercanadjustthe

oplecanenjoy

theirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripstothecountryoraside

atweekends,insteadofbeingconfinedtotheirimmediateneighborhood.

Thisfeelingofindependence,andthefreedomtogowhereveryouplea,

isperhapsthegreatestadvantageofthecar.

What’smore,thegrowthofautomobileindustrycantriggertheboomof

otherimportantindustriessuchasironandsteelproduction,energyand

f,theyareinfavorofdeveloping

privatecars.

However,automobilesmaycauproblemssuchanvironmentalpollution,

eofthe

disadvantages,ore,

Ithinkprivatecarsshouldbeencouragedinourcountry.

【学习要点】

①trigger触发，引发

②boomn.,vi.,vt.繁荣，隆隆声；急速发展；使兴旺

③popularization普及

④enjoytheirleisuretimetothefull尽情享受闲暇时间的乐趣

⑤consumption消耗量，消费量，动词是consume



【要点提示】

本文为议论文。作者通过分项说明私人小汽车的好处来论证应鼓励人们拥有小汽

车这个论题。为了严密，不使问题绝对化，作者又提到小汽车会带来的问题。综

合利弊，作者得出结论：privatecarsshouldbeencouragedinourcountry.

文章论点明确，论证严密，语言表达得体。文章还十分注意段落之间的衔接和关

联词语的使用，如表示递进关系：what’more;besides;表示结果、结论:in

brief,therefore；

表示对比：however。

【模拟训练】

oplethink

arguethatprivatecars

ositiondoyousupport?Uspecific

reasonstosupportyouranswer.

Writeacompositionofabout150wordsonthefollowingtopic:

PrivateCarsShouldNotBeEncouragedinChina

30

【模拟训练参考作文】

PrivateCarsShouldNotBeEncouraged.

ople

arguethatprivate

thattoomanyprivatecarsmay

createendlessproblemsthoughtheybringmuchconvenienceandcomfort.



First,carsoftenproduceairpollutionandfillthecitieswith

,Mostoftheimportantcitiesintheworld

anyadvantagegainedincomfort

isoftencancelledoutincitybythefrustrationcaudbytrafficjams,

endlessqueuesofcarscrawlingbumpertobumperthroughallthemain

,toownaprivatecarinChinawillnotonlycostyoua

fortune,butalsobringyouallkindsoftrouble:gettingalicenplate,

keepingthemachineingoodmaintenance,findingaparkingplaceatnight,

wor,carsarethemaincauoftrafficaccidents.

Allovertheworldthousandsuponthousandsofpeoplearekilledor

caccidentscaudbycarsnotonlybringdeaths

andinjury,

addition,yonehadacar,

allroadswouldbecrowdedwithcars!

Therefore,

shouldtrytofindasafermeansoftransportthatwillbringjoyand

comfortratherthaninjuryanddeath.

12．ClassroomActivity课堂活动

【写作佳句及惯用表达】

rsinapassiveclassroomsimplydictateinformationandanswers.

在填鸭式教学中，老师只是口授信息以及答案。

urfactsintothestudentslikepouringwaterintoasieve.

他们将事实灌输给学生，就像把水倒进筛子里一样。

tsinactiveclassbecomemoreinvolvedintheirlearning.

在启发式课堂上，学生在学习上更投入。

advantageoftheriouswayoflearningisfoundmainlyinthat

studentsfrequentlyfailtoparticipateintheclassactively.严肃学

习方式的弊端主要表现在学生不能积极主动地经常参与课堂活动。

cherdominatesthe45minuteperiodandstudentsarerefrained

fromairingtheiropinionsnomatterwhethertheyagreeordisagreewith

31

whattheteachersays.教师控制着45分钟的一节课，学生受到压抑，不能发

表看法，不管是否同意教师所讲的内容。

rmore,studentsareexpectedtolearnonlywhattheteachertells

them.

而且只要求学生学习教师讲的内容。

ssorganizedinanenjoyableatmosphereusuallyprovides

studentsmorethanwhattheyhaveexpected.在愉快气氛中组织的课堂给学

生提供的东西通常要比他们所期待的还多。

icdebateamongstudentsmaypromptthemtolearnfromeachother.

学生之间的激烈辩论可促使他们互相学习。

ionhasforitsobjecttheformationofcharacter.—Spencer



教育的目的在于品德的培养。——斯宾塞

wantistoethechildinpursuitofknowledge,andnot

knowledgeinpursuitofthechild.—BernardShaw

我们希望看到孩子追求知识，而不是知识追求孩子。——肖伯纳

【写作范文】

topic:

OnWaysofClassPrentation

WhetherIpreferalessontobeprentedinanentertaining,enjoyable

waydependsonmyfamiliaritywiththesubjectmatter,andwhatprecily

ismeantby“entertainingandenjoyable”.

Onewayofmakingthesubjectmatterlessdauntingistosimplifyitby

proachismaybeappropriate

ll,thebasicsareoften

thehardestpartofasubjecttolearn;thereforeitisimportantthat

theybetaughtinanaccessible,noned

students,however,maybecomeimpatientatasuperficialtreatment,and

willappreciateamorescholarlyapproach.

Anotherwayofmakingasubjectmoreapproachableistomakethe

tepisdesirableforbeginnersandadvanced

studentsalike.

Geniusliesinsimplifyingasubject,notinmakingitneedlessly

difficult.

Athirdwayofmakinglearningagivensubjectenjoyableistoapproach

itfromanovel,edstudentswillprofitfrom

lookingatold,ers,however,

wouldprobablydobettertostudythematerialinaconventionalmanner.

Inordertochallengetradition,onemustfirstunderstandit.

Inbrief,ifalessonisrelevantandenlightening,itwillusuallyattract

32

thestudent’ther

hand,ifthelessonisirrelevantordevoidofsubstance,thennoamount

ofgimmickrycansaveit.

【学习要点】

①daunting使人畏惧的

②superficial表面的；肤浅的

③accessible易接近的；可进入的；可理解的

④profitfrom得利于，相当于benefitfrom

⑤conventional传统的；习惯的

⑥novel新颖的

⑦enlightening有启迪作用的

⑧regardlessof不管，不顾

⑨gimmickry(=gimmickery)花招



【要点提示】

本文为议论文。文章第一部分并没有直接说明喜欢哪种方式的教学，而是强调如

何理解whatprecilyismeantby“entertainingandenjoyable”；第二

部分从三个角度分析论证；第三部分得出结论：Inbrief,ifalessonis

relevantandenlightening,itwillusuallyattractthestudent’s

therhand,ifthe

lessonisirrelevantordevoidofsubstance,thennoamountofgimmickry

cansaveit.（总之，一节课如果切题有意义、有启发作用，就会吸引学生，无

论教学方法怎么样。反之，不切题、缺乏内容的课，无论用什么花样，都吸引不

住学生。）这种论证方式深刻，有说服力，而且逻辑性强。

【模拟训练】

Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:

ActiveClassorPassiveClass

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,stateyourview.

Inthecondpart,explainthetwokindsofclassandstatetheadvantages

ordisadvantages.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusion.



Yourcompositionmaybebadonthefollowingoutline:

Ⅰ.IntroductionItisobviousthatthedifferencesbetweenpassive

classandactiveclassareenormousthoughclassoftenem

outwardlyalike.

33

Ⅱ.Body

TS1:Thepassivekindofclass:Theteacherusuallylectures,puts

outlines

andtermsonthechalkboard,anddispensinformationtothestudents.



DS:①„②„③„(specific

reasonsandexample)

TS2:Theactivekind:Theteacherusuallystimulatesthestudentstolearn

forthemlvesbyaskingquestions,byposingproblems,andmostofall

bybeingastudent,too.

DS:①„②„③„

（specificreasonsandexampleillustratingteacherandstudents’

behavior）

Ⅲ.Conclusion:statementofyourattitude

TS:Iprefer„becau„

DS:①„

【模拟训练参考作文】

ActiveClassorPassiveClass

Itisobviousthatthedifferencesbetweenpassiveclassandactive

classareenormousthoughclassoftenemoutwardlyalike.

Thepassivekindofclass,orduckstuffingmethod,usuallyhasateacher

wholectures,putsoutlinesandtermsonthechalkboardanddispens

tance,myphilosophyteacher,Miss.

Hong,rarelylookedupfromhernotebookinwhichshehadcarefullywritten

rsinapassiveclassroomsimplydictate

urfactsintothestudentslikepouring

dentsareusuallyforcedtosit,listen,take

notes,anddoonlywhattheteacherhasrequired.

Theotherkindofclass,theactivekind,usuallyhasateacherwho

stimulatesthestudentstolearnforthemlvesbyaskingquestions,by

posingproblems,andmostofallbybeingastudent,eacher

mightplantheoutlineofacour,butdoesn’tforcetheclassinonly

tsinactiveclassbecomemoreinvolvedintheir

learning;theyaskquestionsaboutwhyandreadbookstoarchforsome

answersthemlves,thendiscusswhattheyhavefoundinclass.

gh

studentsmaynotmuchcareaboutfactsinclass,theirattitudestoward

learningandtheirexcitementindevelopinganswersforthemlvesdon’t

endwiththeclass.