webelongtogether

专题19主旨大意题解答技巧

主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归

纳能力。

◆主旨大意题的分类

1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种

①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。

②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻

找或总结。

2.考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种

①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；

②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；

③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

◆设问特点

1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等词提问。

◆常考问题

1.中心思想类

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…

Thepassageismainlyabout…

Thepassagemainlydiscuss…

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressthemainideaofthepassage?

2.标题类

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…

3.目的类

Theauthor’smainpurpoinwritingthepassageisto…

Thepassageismeantto….

Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：

1.中心主题句出现在文首

开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见

的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。

新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，

是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。

（2020·天津卷.第二次）Afteryearsofobrvinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwo

qualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverage

everknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.

belongtogether.

Together,thedeephumanurges(驱策力)owas

notmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisa

lileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousand

askedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”

Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’ornwiththemand

needonlyrecapturethem.

“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlohischild’sheart.”Yetmost

followthecrowd.

uragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoid

foolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.

Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,ehavingmetandliked

them,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,probablyhave

toforceourlvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.

Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,ofonefriendwho

couldn’

isoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.

en’tanyspecialability?Mostpeople

don’t;en’tanytime?That’sgood,becauit’salways

tStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncle

Tom’’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhe

publishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.

Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llnever

bemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.

ingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.

eadefinition

omparison

conclusion

tanargument

estheexampleofGalileotellus?

nderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.

iststendtobecuriousandambitious.

vityresultsfromchallengingauthority.

esscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.

nyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?

etheunknownaroundyou.

paquestioningmind.

ifeofadventure.

thefashion.

nwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?

gsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.

iustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.

talentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.

uldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.

uldbethebesttileorthepassage?

sMindsNeverFeelContented

tionsonHumanNature

stoAchievement

ooLatetoLearn

【答案】

1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C

【分析】

本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobrvinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwo

qualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverage

everknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.

belongtogether.可知，作者经过

多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。

由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedin

discontent,“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：

“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedin

discontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewho

doesnotlohischild’sheart.”

followthecrowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为

什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了

它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问

的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.

及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgenius.

Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthings

done.以及列举了ThomasCostain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，GrandmaMos在78岁时展示

了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。

5.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobrvinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwo

qualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverage

everknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.

belongtogether.及下文论述可知，

本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项TheKeysto

Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。

2.主题句出现在文尾

在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，

即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。

ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosyhadacompletelynewwaytostudy

gorillas—iedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eating

new

relationship.

DianeFosywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilm

longwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(a

frighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaisto

beadmired.

Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountain

eCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyare

endangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.

Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundfor

ofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesof

mammal(哺乳类动物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“saveitfor

ourowngood.”dsalsoread,“Thisisaspecies

ofmammal,”butthenwenton:“Itisthemostdestructive(破坏性的)retrainit

foritsowngood.”

tmainlytalksabout_____.

illasinRwanda

mGorillasintheMist

【答案】C

【解析】文章第一段谈到DianeFosy对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三

段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺

垫的，从最后一段的“saveitforourowngood.”可知，最主

要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。

3.首尾呼应的写作方法

为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，

前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

Lacros(曲棍球)edit

ventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.

endofthefield

ayerhasastickcalled

“cross”.isaveryfastgame

becsoftenget

greatfunitplayinglacros.

ightCanadianscan

watchthelacrosgamesonTVorlistentothelacrosgamesovertheradio.

tisstillpopularwith

Canadians.

sageismainlyabout___________.

layLacros

inCanada

toryofLacros

—APopularGameinCanada

【答案】D

【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。

4.中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句

阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。

分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳

形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。

（2020·全国卷II）Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,

butrearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenthe

UniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelop

playwasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)after

controllingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levine

said.

Therearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivities

athomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetter

spatialskillswhenassdat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthowhodidnot,ontasks

thatassdtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalf

-incomeparentstendedtohave

childrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshad

r,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andthe

parentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythan

parentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

haspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

pingspatialskills.

ghigh-techknowledge.

dLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？

s’en’simagination.

s’-parentrelationship.

oydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

aywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

ndtotalklessduringthegame.

efertoumorespatiallanguage.

elikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

thetextmainlyabout?

tificstudy.

ingprogram.

【答案】

6.B7.C8.D9.B

【分析】

本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。

6.细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4develop

betterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游

戏中发展更好的空间技能。pingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。

7.细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionafter

controllingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levine

said.(Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要

的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。s'

education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。

8.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,

可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。elikelytoplaywith

tougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。

9.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关

于科学研究的。tificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。

5.主题句出现在文章的中间

通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步

的解释、支撑或发展。

（2020年1月·浙江卷）Today'lltfor

successispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatrearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.

RearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositionto

helptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.

BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthefindingsafterfollowing

rtime，thepersistencegainedthroughfathers

ledtohigherachievementinschool.

"Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers，"Padilla-Walkersaid.

"Thisrearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanbetaught-are

keytoachild'slifesuccess.”

Rearchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.

Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid，，an

authoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmth

andlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestresdchildrenare

givenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).

Inthestudy，about52percentofthedadxhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritative

ndingisthatovertime，childrenraidbyanauthoritativefatherwere

significantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.

Thi

rearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsof

persistence，whichisanavenueoffuturerearch.

specialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?

eredonfathers'roleinparenting.

adonanumberoflargefamilies.

yzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.

dtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.

uldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?

cisionsforthem.

ntherulestothem.

roupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotherearchers?

parents.

enagedfrom11to14.

itarianfathers.

sintwo-parenthomes.

fthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

haracteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.

llsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.

enTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.

RelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.

【答案】

10.A11.D12.A13.C

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员

认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚

养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。

10.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句RearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthat

fathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（杨百翰大学的

研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处

在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。

11.推理判断题。根据第四段中Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowing

characteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasons

behindrulesarestresdchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，权威的养育

方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适

当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。

12.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yettherearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplay

aroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffuturerearch.（然而，研究

人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据

研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。

13.主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraidbyan

authoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetter

outcomesinschool.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出

坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C

选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。

I.阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

1

Youcan’beforemyfirstmarathon,oneof

myankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweeksto

,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

,theteacherrequiredustorun

laps(圆圈)’rtoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.

TheideathatIwas“notathletic”tartedrunninginmy30s,

Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmylf,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwas

fwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamedthatIcouldn’p

sweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomylf.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)ppedto

readjust(重新调整).NotthestartIwanted!

Atmile3,Ipasdasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”

Bymile17,ghmyankle

wasverypainful,Istayedthecourwalkingabitandthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,Iwassohungry!

AsIcametomile23,er

tionedmyexpensonrunning.

nished!,Igotthesame

medalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemylf,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Ican

nowcallmylfa“marathonwinner”.

heauthorfeelamonthbeforethemarathon?

ened.

ent.

nhis7thyear?

ethereaderswithafunnystory.

eavaluablememory.

theauthor’sfirstmarathon?

halfway.

edtotheend.

esthestorymainlytellus?

eisthemotherofsuccess.

eshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

【答案】

1.A2.C3.A4.C

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己第一次参加马拉松过程。比赛前一个月的因脚踝受伤而少了两星期

的训练，自己坚持不放弃，然后是克服比赛途中的种种艰辛与困难，最后完成全程抵达终点，，经受住了毅

志的考验，可以称自己是“马拉松赢家”。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句“Youcan’

beforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,

leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.”可知，你想象不到那个时候我的感觉有多么的糟糕。在我的第一次

马拉松比赛前一个月，我的一只脚踝受伤了，这意味着有两周时间我不能跑，只有两周时间训练。由此可

知，赛前受伤，作者的心情是焦虑紧张的。故选A项。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Ididn’rtoldmethatIwas“not

athletic”.”可知，两样运动我都做得不好。他后来告诉我说我是“不善于运动”。由此可知，作者提到七

年级的体育课来表明他在体育方面没有天赋。故选C项。

3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段句子“nished!”可知，

我是最后完成全程的运动员之一。但是我完成了全程！由此可知，作者完成了全程马拉松比赛。故选A项。

4.主旨大意题。根据赛前的第三段句子“Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.A

testofwills!(它是一场我自身身体与意志力的斗争。一个意志的测试)”和最后一段“Determinedtobe

mylf,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmylfa

“marathonwinner”.(由于下定决心成为自己，向前跑，不怕羞愧与世俗标签，我现在能称自己是一个

“马拉松赢家”)”可知，这个故事主要告诉我们，一个获胜者是一个努力、有毅力的人。故选C项。

2

Thegreat18th-centuryauthorMontesquieuonceputit,“Ihaveneverknownanystressthat

anhour’sreadingdoesnotreduce."Andnowmanyargueforareturntothisviewofliteratureas

therapy,evenusingtheword“bibliotherapy"（阅读疗法）todescribeit.

Sowhatdoesliteratureprovide,beyondentertainment?hoshow

greatrespectforShakespeare,MiltonorProustshouldkeepinmindthateventhemostfamous

rwords,greatwritershavebeenthroughthesamethingsas

u,t

thisiswhatmostliteratureconsistsof:peopletryingtomakenoftheworld.

Nomatterwhatyourfearsorconcernsmaybe,chancesaresomegreatwriterhaswritten

eking（寻求）suggestions,citherfromaprofessionalorawell-readfriend,be

mple,let'ssayyouwereraidinareligious（信仰宗教

的）familybutnow,inlaterlife,havelostyourfaith（信仰）.Thisispainfultoyouandyoufeelempty

esswritershavegonedownthispathbeforeyouandhavefoundawayout—

theGermanpoetandnovelistHermannHes,forexample,wrotethewonderfullittlenovel

Siddarthaaboutthisarchforspiritualpeace.

efromapoorbackground

abouttotoffforagreatcollegewillwantadifferenttofreadingfromaretiredwomanwho

anotherexample,let'simagineyouhadachildhoodofabu（虐待）.For

ca,youcouldtryEdwardStAubyn'sThePatrick

n'sfatherabudhim,whilehismotherescapedintodrink,butAubyn

wroteariesofsplendidnovelsbadonhislife,chartingaman'sjourneythroughthehard

situationofabuandouttheotherend.

stheauthorquoteMontesquieu?

ainwhatbibliotherapymeans.

efortheuofliteratureastherapy.

ouldyoudobeforeekingsuggestionsonyourbooklist?

twhichwriterhaswrittenaboutyourproblem.

atauthorshavegonethrough.

thowtoekspiritualpeace.

atyourtroubleis.

nweinferfromthelastparagraph?.

'snovelssuitpeoplewhohaveretired.

'snovelsaremainlyreadbyyoungreaders.

shouldchoonovelsaccordingtotheirinterest.

ofdifferentagesneeddifferentworksofliterature.

thetextmainlyabout?

ftherapy:literature.

eriencesofgreatwriters.

【答案】

5.A

6.D

7.D

8.B

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种治疗方式：阅读疗法，其指的是人们可以根据自己的情况和需求通

过阅读来对生活中所遭受的消极方面进行思想和心理上的治疗或者减轻压力，从而积极面对生活。

5.推理判断题。根据第一段“Thegreat18th-centuryauthorMontesquieuonceputit,“Ihavenever

knownanystressthatanhour’sreadingdoesnotreduce.”(伟大的18世纪作家孟德斯鸠曾经说过:

“我从未见过一小时的阅读没有减轻压力。”)可知孟德斯鸠对阅读减轻压力持非常肯定和积极的态度，由此

可推知作者在第一段引用孟德斯鸠的话是为了强调“阅读疗法”的效果，故选A项。

6.细节理解题。根据第三段“Beforeeking（寻求）suggestions,citherfromaprofessionalora

well-readfriend,beclearaboutwhatistroublingyou.”(在向专业人士或博学的朋友寻求建议之前，

先弄清楚困扰你的是什么。)可知在寻求建议之前要先知道自己的困扰是什么，故选D项。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“efrom

apoorbackgroundabouttotoffforagreatcollegewillwantadifferenttofreadingfroma

retiredwomanwhohusbandhasdied.”(考虑一下你的生活阶段也会有所帮助。一个家境贫寒、即将

进入一所好大学的人需要的阅读材料会和一位丈夫去世的退休妇女完全不同。)可知,不同阶段的人需要的文

学作品也不一样。故选D项。

8.主旨大意题。由第一段“Andnowmanyargueforareturntothisviewofliteratureastherapy,even

usingtheword“bibliotherapy"（阅读疗法）todescribeit.”(现在，许多人主张回归文学作为一种治

疗的观点，甚至使用“阅读疗法”这个词来描述它。)可知提出了文章的主题“阅读疗法”，结合全文对阅读

疗法的介绍和作用，阅读疗法应该选用的阅读材料等内容可知本文主要是在介绍一种治疗方式：文学。故

选B项。

3

syear'ssurprionthebirthdayofthegreatBritish

playwrightWilliamShakespeareissurelyoneofthemostdramatic.

OnApril22,onedaybeforehis441stbirthdayanniversary,expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthe

ansthatwenolongerhavea

goodideaofwhatShakespearelookedlike.“It'sverypossiblethatmanypicturesofShakespeare

mightbeunreliablebecaumanyofthemarecopiesofthisone,”saidanexpertfromBritain's

NationalPortraitGallery.

ThediscoverycomesafterfourmonthsoftestingusingX-rays,ultravioletlight,

ertsfromthegallerysaytheimage—commonly

knownasthe“Flowerportrait”—wasactuallypaintedinthe1800s,abouttwocenturiesafter

Shakespeare'expertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyalsoudmodernchemistry

hecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfrom

pearediedin1616,andthedatethatappearsontheportraitis1609.

“swhentherewasa

renewedinterestinShakespeare'splays,”TarnyaCooper,thegallery'scurator（馆长）,toldthe

AssociatedPresident.

lledthe

Flowerportraitbecauoneofitsowners,DesmondFlower,gaveittotheRoyalShakespeare

Company.

“Therehavealwaysbeenquestionsaboutthepainting,”saidDavidHowells,curatorforthe

RoyalShakespeareCompany.“Nowweknowthetruth,wecanputtheimageinitsproperplace

inthehistoryofShakespeareanportraiture.”

TwootherimagesofShakespeare,arealsobeingstudiedaspartoftheinvestigationandthe

resultswillcomeoutlaterthismonth.________.

kesthebirthdayofShakespearedramaticthisyear?

oundthathepaintedaportraitin1814insteadofin1609.

werportraithasbeenfoundtobeafake.

ortraitsofShakespearearebeingtestedtoidentifyarealone.

oundthattherewasarenewedinterestinShakespeare'splaysaround1818to1840.

tatementisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

itsofShakespeareareallunreliable.

B.“Flowerportrait”wasaportraitofShakespearegiventoDesmondFlower.

C.1814mightbewhentheportraitwasdrawn.

werportraitisnotoftenudasacoverforShakespeare'splay.

ttitleforthispassageis________.

aysofteninvolvesurpris

prionthe441stbirthdayofShakespeare

traitofShakespeareisafake

weknowShakespeare'sappearance?

sthebestntencetofillintheblankinthelastparagraph?

'llknowwhichportraitisreliable.

ecannotfindarealportraitofShakespeare.

woportraitsarefoundtobefal,theywilltestmore.

whatShakespearereallylookedlikewillremainamystery.

【答案】

9.B

10.C

11.B

12.D

【分析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了在莎士比亚的第441个周年纪念日中，专家们发现最具认可度的莎

士比亚画像原来是假的，并讲述了理由及至少四种测量的方法。现如今，莎士比亚到底什么样子仍然是一

个谜。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsof

WilliamShakespeareisafake.”(专家们发现一幅最为人熟知的莎士比亚画像是赝品。)可知，莎士比亚的

一幅得到公认的肖像画被发现是仿制品。故选B项。

10.细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Thechecksfoundtracesofpaintdatingfromabout1814.”(经

查验，发现大约1814年的油漆痕迹。)可知，这幅叫做“Flowerportrait”的肖像画所使用的油漆可追溯

到1814年，有此可推知，这幅画可能是1814年画的。故选C项。

11.主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Butthisyear'ssurprionthebirthdayofthegreatBritish

playwrightWilliamShakespeareissurelyoneofthemostdramatic.”(但是今年英国伟大的剧作家威

廉·莎士比亚诞辰之日的惊喜无疑是最戏剧性的事件之一。)和第二段第一句“onedaybeforehis441st

birthdayanniversary,expertsdiscoveredthatoneofthemostrecognizableportraitsofWilliam

Shakespeareisafake”(威廉·莎士比亚441岁生日的前一天，专家们发现一幅最为人熟知的莎士比亚画

像是赝品。)可知，文章主要讲的是，在莎士比亚诞辰441年之际，专家发现莎士比亚公认的一幅肖像画是

仿制的，以此让很多人都感到惊讶。故选B项。

12.推理判断题。根据最后一段“TwootherimagesofShakespeare,arealsobeingstudiedaspartof

theinvestigationandtheresultswillcomeoutlaterthismonth.”(另外两个图片的莎士比亚,也被作

为调查的一部分，研究结果将在本月晚些时候。)可知，另外两幅只是调查的一部分，也就是说，有待调查

取证的肖像画不止这两幅，如果这两幅也是假的，那么会有更多的画作被检测，所以可知，到现在为止莎

士比亚到底是什么样子的仍然是个谜。故选D项。

4

Intheearlieststagesofman’sdevelopmenthehadnomoreneedofmoneythananimals

ontentwithverysimpleformsofshelter,madehisownroughtoolsandweapons

andcouldprovidefoodandclothingforhimlfandhisfamilyfromnaturalmaterialsaroundhim.

Ashebecamemorecivilized,however,hebegantowantbettershelter,moreefficienttoolsand

weapons,andmorecomfortableandmorelastingclothingthancouldbeprovidedbyhisown

thingshehadtoturntothe

skilledpeoplesuchassmiths,henthatthequestionof

paymentaro.

thwhohadnotthe

timetolookafterlandorcattlewasgladtotakemeatorgrainfromthefarmerinexchangeforan

axeoraplough(犁).Butasmoreandmoregoodswhichhadnofixedexchangevaluecameon

themarket,rproblemarowhen

thowhomadethingswantedtogetstocksofwoodorleather,oriron,buthadnothingtooffer

inexchangeuntiltheirfinishedgoodswereready.

countries

easilyhandledthingslikeedsorshellsweregivenacertainvalueandfarmer,insteadofpaying

thesmithforanewaxebygivinghimsomemeatorgrain,mith

hadanyshellsleftwhenhehadboughthisfood,hecouldgetstocksoftherawmaterialsofhis

countriesquitelargethingssuchascowsorcamelsorevenbigflatstoneswere

,piecesofmetal,bearingvaluesaccordingtotherarity(稀有)ofthemetal

andthesizeofthepieces,sweknowithadarrived.

esthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?

ferredtomaketoolsbyhimlf.

eearlymanneededfromothers.

ecamemorecivilizedthey____.

rnttomakebythemlvesthethingsneeded

betterthingsthanthotheythemlvescouldprovide

ravelalottolookforwhattheywanted

erprovidedfoodandclothingforthemlves

geofgoodsbecamedifficultbecau______.

amemorecivilized

asnotamarketplaceforfarmersandsmithstoexchangetheirgoods

shadn’tenoughgrainormeattoprovideforskilledworkers

dmoregoodswhichhadnofixedexchangevaluesappearedonthemarket.

asnotuduntil_________.

hangeofoneforanotherbecametoocomplicated

asinvented

practicedasimpleprocessofexchange

gcouldbeofferedinexchange

【答案】

13.C

14.B

15.D

16.A

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了货币产生的过程。

13.主旨大意题。由第一段首句“Intheearlieststagesofman’sdevelopmenthehadnomoreneed

ofmoneythananimalshave.”（在人类发展的早期阶段，人类和动物一样不需要钱。）和最后一句话“Itwas

thenthatthequestionofpaymentaro.”（就在那时，付款的问题出现了。）再结合段落内容，可以推

测出，第一段主要介绍了简单的交换过程是如何产生的。所以选项C符合题意。故选C项。

14.细节理解题。根据第一段句子“Ashebecamemorecivilized,however,hebegantowantbetter

shelter,moreefficienttoolsandweapons,andmorecomfortableandmorelastingclothingthan

couldbeprovidedbyhisownneighborhoodorbytheworkofhisownunskilled

hands.”（然而，随着他变得更加文明，他开始想要更好的住所，更有效的工具和武器，以及更舒适和更持

久的衣服，而不是由他自己的邻居或他自己不熟练的手所能提供的。）可知，随着文明的发展，人们想要比

他们自己能提供的更好的东西。所以选项B符合题意。故选B项。

15.细节理解题。根据第二段句子“Butasmoreandmoregoodswhichhadnofixedexchangevalue

cameonthemarket,exchangebecametoocomplicatedtobesatisfactory.”（但是，随着越来越多

的没有固定兑换价值的商品上市，交易变得过于复杂，难以令人满意。）可知，交易变得困难是因为市场上

出现了越来越多没有固定兑换价值的商品。所以选项D符合题意。故选D项。

16.细节理解题。根据最后一段句子“Thusthedifficultiesofexchangeledbydegreetotheinvention

ofmoney.”（因此，兑换的困难程度导致了货币的发明。）可知，当物物交换变得太复杂时，导致了货币

的出现。所以选项A符合题意。故选A项。

5

RecordfiressweepingacrosstheAmazonthismonthhavebeengrabbingglobalheadlinesas

scientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillmakeclimatechangecrisiswor

andthreatenbiodiversity(生物多样性).

Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,theAmazonisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld.”It

isalsohomt

swaths(大片土地)ofrainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld’cosystembecauthey

sostorecarbon

dioxideandproduceoxygen,ensuringthatlesscarbonisrelead,easingtheeffectsofclimate

change.

“Anyrainforestdestroyedbyfireisathreattobiodiversityandthepeoplewhouthat

biodiversity,”ThomasLovejoy,anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNational

Geographic.“Themostriousthreatisthatalotofcarbongoesintotheatmosphere.”he

stresd.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis,wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajor

zonmustbeprotected.”UNSecretary

GeneralAntonioGuterressaid.

DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceRearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforest

firesinBrazilincreadby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearcomparedtothesame

periodtheyearbefore.“Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirst

eightmonthsof2019,upfrom39,194inthesameperiodin2018,”INPEsaid.“Weestimatethat

theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonhavedecreadbetween20and30percentcomparedto

thelast12months.”CarlosNobre,arearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo,toldGerman

broadcasterDeutscheWelle.

Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whodegradationcouldhavevere

conquencesforglobalclimateandrainfallTheextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobe

determined,buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil’sborders,reachingPeruvian,

ParaguayanandBolivianregions.

thecondparagraphmainlytalkingabout?

eoftheAmazonrainforest.

softhedecreasingbiodiversity.

nweinferfromLovejoy’sandGuterres’swords?

weatherleadstotherainforestfires.

diversitymakestherainforestsunique.

nforestfiresresultinriousconquences.

balclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.

stheauthorlistthenumbersinparagraph4?

theinfluenceofclimatechange.

ssthereductionofrainforestareas.

ectionofamagazineisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

eandtechnology.

ssandculture.

【答案】

17.B

18.C

19.D

20.C

【分析】

这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了持续的亚马逊雨林大火，会使气候变化危机恶化，威胁生物多样性。

17.主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容“theAmazonisoftencalled‘thelungsoftheworld’”、“Itisalso

hometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals”、“playanimportantroleintheworld’

cosystem”和“Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen”可知，第二段的段落大意就

是介绍亚马逊雨林的地位。所选项B符合题意，故选B。

18.推理判断题。由题干中的“Lovejoy’sandGuterres’swords”快速定位到第三段内容。Lovejoy

强调“Themostriousthreatisthatalotofcarbongoesintotheatmosphere.”（最严重的威胁是

大量的碳进入大气层）；Guterres说“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis,wecannotaffordmore

damagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.”（在全球气候危机中，我们无法承

受对氧气和生物多样性的主要来源造成更大的破坏。）。由此可以推测出热带雨林火灾会造成严重后果。所

以选项C符合题意。故选C项。

19.细节理解题。由第四段内容“thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilincreadby82percent”和“up

from39,194inthesameperiodin2018”可知，火灾比以往更频繁。根据句子“Weestimatethatthe

forestareasintheBrazilianAmazonhavedecreadbetween20and30percentcomparedtothe

last12months.”（我们估计巴西亚马逊地区的森林面积比过去12个月减少了20%到30%。）可知，作者

列举数据的原因是强调雨林面积不断减少。选项D符合题意，故选D项。

20.推理判断题。根据文章大意，文章主要介绍了位于巴西的亚马逊雨林不断遭受火灾，雨林面积不断减少，

由此可能带来生态灾难。所以文章出自杂志的“自然和地理”板块。故选C项。

6

Whenwethinkaboutgivinghelptodevelopingcountries,weoftenthinkaboutgiving

moneysothatthecountriescanbuildschoolsandhospitals,buyfoodandmedicine,orfind

eemtobethemostimportantbasicneedsofthepeopleweare

r,it'ys,we’vegottocomeupwithbetterideas

tohelpthem.

AmancalledNicholasNegroponteinventedacheaplaptopcomputerthatcanrunwithout

ferenceisthat

itiscoveredinrubbersothatitisverystrongandwon'ectricity

supplycanbeaproblemindevelopingcountries,thecomputeralsohasaspecialhandlesothat

childrencanwindthecomputeruptogiveitextrapowerwhenneeded.

ontewantsto

aisthatthe

computerswillhelpthechildren'

computersmightnothelpthepeopleindevelopingcountiesimmediately,butbyimproving

children’ducation,theyshouldhelppeopletofindtheirownsolutionstotheirproblemsinthe

longterm.

Anotherideatohelpchildrenindevelopingcountriesistorecycleoldmobilephonessothat

Kandmanyothercountries,millionsofmobilephonesare

tecreatedbythrowingawaytheoldphonesisverybadforthe

environment,waywewillbeableto

reducethewasteweproduceandhelp

rwords,wewillbeableto“killtwobirdswithonestone”,andthatisalwaysa

goodthing.

nwelearnaboutthelaptopcomputerinventedbyNicholasNegroponte?

veredwithplastic.

sdevelopingcountriesatonce.

theunderlinedwords“windthecomputerup”inparagraph2probablymean?

ehandletomakethecomputerwork.

ehandletomakethecomputerwork.

esrecyclingoldmobilephonesmeantous?

cesrubbishandcanbenefitothers.

entspollutionandcanearnlotsofmoney.

odfortheenvironmentandveryeducativeforphoneurs.

aytondthewastefromdevelopedcountriestoothercountries.

uldbethebesttitleforthetext?

efitsofRecyclingCellphones

lComputersProvidingSolutions

sofHelpingDevelopingCountries

chnologyImprovingChildren'sEducation

【答案】

21.A22.B23.A24.C

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了帮助发展中国家的两个新想法。一个叫尼古拉斯·尼葛洛庞帝的人发明

了一种不用电就能运行的廉价笔记本电脑。另一个帮助发展中国家儿童的想法是回收旧手机，使它们可以

再次别使用。

21.细节理解题。由第二段“AmancalledNicholasNegroponteinventedacheaplaptopcomputer

thatcanrunwithoutelectricity.”可知，一个叫尼古拉斯·尼葛洛庞帝的人发明了一种不用电就能运行的

廉价笔记本电脑。故选A项。

22.词句猜测题。根据“Asanelectricitysupplycanbeaproblemindevelopingcountries,the

computeralsohasaspecialhandle”由于电力供应在发展中国家可能是一个问题，计算机也有一个特

殊的手柄以及“giveitextrapowerwhenneeded.”在需要的时候给它额外的电力。划线短语的意思是

“转动手柄使计算机工作。故选B项。

23.细节理解题。由题干中的“oldmobilephones”定位到文章第四段内容。由句子“Thewastecreated

bythrowingawaytheoldphonesisverybadfortheenvironment,soitemslikeanexcellent

ideatorecyclethem.”（扔掉这些旧手机产生的废物对环境非常有害，所以回收它们似乎是个好主意。）

和句子“Wewillreducethewasteweproduceandhelpothers.”（我们将减少我们产生

的废物，并帮助他人。）可知，回收利用旧手机既能减少污染浪费还能帮助他人。故选A项。

24.主旨大意题。短文介绍了帮助发展中国家的两个新想法。一个叫尼古拉斯·尼葛洛庞帝的人发明了一种不

用电就能运行的廉价笔记本电脑。另一个帮助发展中国家儿童的想法是回收旧手机，使它们可以再次别使

用。所以选项C“NewWaysofHelpingDevelopingCountries”（帮助发展中国家的新方法）为短文最

佳标题。故选C项。