英语四级考试试题

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大学英语四级考试真题及答案第一套

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套)

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebadonthefollowingpassage.

TherioftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopments

inhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressand

obillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymore

informationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,often

Internet's

tremendousimpacthasonlyjustbegun.

"MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,

andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,this

timetheeffectsarefullyglobal,"SchmidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbookThe

NewDigitalAge.

Perhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeopleworldwide

horsdoanexcellentjobof

examiningtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals,governments,

hebookhasonemajorshortcoming,it's

thatauthorsdon'tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternet

businessintheweepingchanges.

Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethat

describes—andmoreimportantlypredicts—howtheInternetwillshapeourlivesin

intapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,

institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andone

virtual.

Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat"technologyisneutral,butpeoplearen't."

Byusingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthenow

istdichotomy(对立观点)thathascharacterizedmany

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recentdebatesaboutwhethertherioftheInternetwillultimatelybegoodorbad

terviewwithTIMEearlierthisweek,Cohensaidalthoughheand

hisco-authorareoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,they'realso

realisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeople

comeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance

(监视).

wayistherioftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprinting

pressandthetelegraph?

A)Ittransformshumanhistory.

B)Itfacilitatesdailycommunication.

C)Itisadoptedbyallhumanity.

D)Itrevolutionizespeople'sthinking.

chmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternet?

A)Theyareimmeasurable.

B)Theyareworldwide.

C)Theyareunpredictable.

D)Theyarecontaminating.

respectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?

A)ItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.

B)ItfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.

C)ItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusiness.

D)ItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.

llthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?

A)Peoplewillbelivingintwodifferentrealities.

B)Peoplewillhaveequalaccesstoinformation.

C)Peopledon'thavetotraveltoetheworld

D)Peopledon'thavetocommunicatefacetoface.

esthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?

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A)TheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.

B)TheyareoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.

C)Theyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.

D)Theydon'eTwo

In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetand

hatyeardieaverageautoworkercouldmeet

monthlymortgage(抵押贷款)paymentsonanaveragehomewithjustpercentofhis

similarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareof

hismonthlyearnings.

Othermembersoftheautoworker'sfamily,howevermightbelessinclinedtotried

iredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesconomic,

houtmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomen

andwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10

percentin2010.

Inmoststates,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracardinherown

42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.

Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.

Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaveragetheyearned

40percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts(职位相当的人),whiteracially

restrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburban

neighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking-classfamilies.

Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthe

oplemaylongforanerawhendivorce

eadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargaining

po

breakupofsuchmarriageshascaudpainformanyfamilies.

Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnew

ingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelieve

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thattheircurrentfamilyisascloastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orclor.

Findingwaystoimprovethelifeoftheremaining20percentemsmorerealistic

thantryingtorestoreanimaginarygoldenage.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

welearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?

A)Theyhadlessjobcuritythantheydotoday.

B)Itwasnottoodifficultforthemtobuyahou.

C)Theirearningswereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.

D)Theywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.

estheauthoraboutretiredpeopletoday?

A)Theyinvariablylongtoreturntothegoldenpast.

B)Theydonotdependsomuchonsocialwelfare.

C)Theyfeelmorecureeconomicallythaninthepast.

D)Theyareusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirchildren.

ldn'tblackworkersbuyahouinawhitesuburbanneighborhood?

A)Theylackedthemeansoftransportation.

B)Theyweresubjectedtoracialinequality.

C)Theywereafraidtobreakthelaw.

D)Theyweretoopoortoaffordit.

64Whatistheresultofno-faultdivorce?

A)Divorceiasiertoobtain.

B)Domesticviolenceislesned.

C)Itcauslittlepaintoeitherside

D)Itcontributestosocialunrest.

estheauthorsuggestsocietydo?

A)Getpreparedtofaceanynewchallenges.

B)Trytobetterthecurrentsocialcurity.

C)Narrowthegapbetweenblacksandwhites.

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D)Improvethelivesoffamilieswithproblems.

Translation

越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，

可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市

和着名景点花的时间少了，他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引，有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。

最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、拓宽视野。

InHardEconomyforAllAges,OlderIsn'tBetter...It'sBrutal[A]Younggraduates

areindebt,outofworkandontheirparents'intheir30sand40s

can'esareearningnear-zerointerest

ontheirsavings.

[B]Inthecurrentlistless(缺乏活力的)economy,everygenerationhasaclaim

LaborDepartment'slatestjobsreportsandother

recentdataprentastrongcaforcrowningbabyboomers(二战后生育高峰期出生

的人)A)asthegreatestvictimsoftherecessionanditsdreadfulconquences.

[C]TheAmericansintheir50sandearly60s—thonearretirementagewho

donotyethaveaccesstoMedicareandSocialSecurity—havelostthemostearnings

powerofanyagegroup,withtheirhouholdincomes10percentbelowwhattheymade

whentherecoverybeganthreeyearsago,accordingtoSentierRearch,adataanalysis

etirementsavingsandhomevaluesfellsharplyattheworstpossible

time:esupportingbothagedparentsand

unemployedyoung-adultchildren,earningthemtheunluckynickname"Generation

Squeeze."

[D]Newrearchsuggeststhattheymaydiesooner,becautheirhealth,income

curityandmentalwell-beingwerebattered(重创)byrecessionatacrucialtime

tstudybyeconomistsatWellesleyCollegefoundthatpeople

wholosttheirjobsinthefewyearsbeforebecomingqualifiedforSocialSecurity

lostuptothreeyearsfromtheirlifeexpectancy(预期寿命),largelybecauthey

nolongerhadaccesstoaffordablehealthcare.

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[E]UnemploymentratesforAmericansnearingretirementarefarlowerthan

thoforyoungpeople,whoarerecentlyoutofschool,withfewerskillsand

eoutofajob,olderworkershaveamuchhardertime

elastyear,theaveragedurationofunemploymentfor

olderpeoplewas53weeks,comparedwith19weeksforteenagers,accordingtothe

LaborDepartment'sjobsreportreleadonFriday.

[F]Thelengthyprocessispartlybecauolderworkersaremorelikelytohave

beenlaidofffromindustriesthataredownsizing,edwith

therestofthepopulation,olderpeoplearealsomorelikelytoowntheirownhomes

andbelessmobilethanrenters,whocanmovetonewjobmarkets.

[G]Olderworkersaremorelikelytohaveadisabilityofsomesort,perhaps

yalsobelessinclined,

atleastinitially,totakejobsthatpayfarlessthantheiroldpositions.

[H]Displacedboomersalsobelievetheyarevictimsofagediscrimination,becau

employerscaneasilyfindayoung,energeticworkerwhowillacceptlowerpayand

whocanpotentiallystickaroundfordecadesratherthanafewyears.

[I]Inasurveybythecenterofolderworkerswhowerelaidoffduringthe

recession,justoneinsixhadfoundanotherjob,andhalfofthatgrouphad

acceptedpaycuts.14%ofthere-employedsaidthepayintheirnewjobwasless

thanhalfwhattheyearnedintheirpreviousjob."Ijustsaytomylf:'Whyme?

Whathave1donetodervethis?'"saidJohnAgati,56,wholastfull-timejob,

asaproductdeveloper,endedfouryearsagowhenhimployerwentoutofbusiness.

Thatpositionpaid$90,000,andhisresumelistsjobsatcompanieslikeAmerican

Express,einglaidoff,though,hehasworkedaries

ofpart-time,low-wage,temporarypositions,includingllingshoesatLord&Taylor

andmakingsalescallsforacarcompany.

[J]Thelastfewyearshavetakenatollnotonlyonhisfamily'sfinances,but

alsoonhisfeelingsoflf-worth."Youjustgetsad,"aid."Iepeople

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gettingupinthemorning,ish

opledon'tliketheirjobs,ortheyhaveproblemswiththeir

jobs,butatleastthey'ishIwasintheirshoes."Hesaidhe

cannotaffordtogobacktoschool,asmanyyoungerpeoplewithoutjobshavedone.

Evenifhecouldaffordit,economistssayitisunclearwhetherolderworkerslike

himbenefitmuchfrommoreeducation.

[K]"Itjustdoesn'tmakentoofferretrainingforpeople55andolder,"

saidDanielHamermesh,aneconomicsprofessor."Discriminationbyage,long-term

unemployment,andthefactthatthey'renowattheendofthehiring

queuejustdon'tmakeitnsibletoinvestinthem."

[L]Manydisplacedolderworkersaretakingthismessagetoheartandleaving

reofolderpeopleapplyingforSocial

Securityearlyroquicklyduringtherecessionaspeoplesoughtwhatever

altytheywillpayispermanent,asretirees

whotakebenefitsatage62willreceiveasmuchas30%lessineachmonth'scheck

fortherestoftheirlivesthantheywouldiftheyhadwaited

untilfullretirementage(66forthobornafter1942).

[M]ThonotyeteligibleforSocialSecurityareincreasinglyapplying

foranother,comparablekindofincomesupportthatoftengoestopeoplewho

expectnevertoworkagain:anoneineightpeople

intheirlate50sisnowonsomeformoffederaldisabilityinsuranceprogram,

accordingtoMarkDuggan,chairmanofthedepartmentofbusinesconomics

andpublicpolicyattheUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool.

[N]TheveryoldestAmericans,ofcour,werebatteredbysomeofthesame

illwindsthattormentedthonownearingretirement,butatleastthemost

important,inastatisticaltwist,theymayhaveactuallybenefitedfromthe

financialcrisisinthemostfundamentalway:prolongedlives.

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[O]Deathratesforpeopleover65havehistoricallyfallenduringrecessions,

accordingtoaNovember2011studybyeconomistsatthe

UniversityofCalifornia,?Therearchersarguethatweakjobmarkets

pushmoreworkersintoacceptingrelativelyundesirableworkatnursinghomes,leading

tobettercareforresidents.

rmobilityputsyoungerpeopleatanadvantageinekingnewjobs.

theolderworkerslaidoffduringtherecessionhadtoacceptlower

payintheirnewjobs.

hohastheirjobsshortlybeforeretirementagelivea

shorter-than-averagelife.

satnursinghomescouldbenefitfromtheweakjobmarket.

criminationinemploymentmakesitpointlessretrainingolderworkers.

ingtorecentreportsanddataanalys,boomerssuffermostfromthe

weakeconomy.

oyedboomersareatadisadvantageinjob-huntingbecauemployers

tendtohireyoungerworkers.

intheirfiftiesandearlysixtiesbeartheheaviestfamilyburdens.

54、PeoplewhotakebenefitsfromSocialSecuritybeforeofficial

retirementagewillgetmuchlessfortherestoftheirlives.

55、Olderworkers'choiceofjobscanbelimitedbecauofdisability46-55：

FIDOKBECLG56-65：BBCADBCBAD

Translation

MoreandmoreChineyoungpeoplearegaininginterestintourism,whichisa

ingnumberofyoungtouristscanbeattributedtotheir

re

increaoftraveling,youngpeoplespendlesstimeinbigcitiesandfamousscenic

spots,enchoo

tsurveyshowsthatmanyyoungpeoplewant

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toexperiencedifferentculture,enrichknowledgeandexpandtheirhorizonvia

traveling