厦门中考无忧怎么样-切多音字组词
2022年11月13日发(作者:公司会议纪要范文)第7章 动词的-ed形式
动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、动词的-ed形式的特征
A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成
动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1. 规则动词的-ed形式
limit→limited(限制)
pretend→pretended(假装)
escape→escaped(逃脱)
provide→provided(提供)
refer→referred(提交)
drag→dragged(拖)
pray→prayed(祈祷)
supply→supplied(供应)
2.不规则动词的-ed形式t
cast→cast(投掷)
spread→spread(传播)
bite→bitten(咬)
forgive→forgiven(原谅)
spit→spat( 吐)
wear→worn(穿)
fight→fought(搏斗)
lo→lost(丢失)
3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同
learnedta learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授
aged an aged man 老人
belovedthis beloved computer 他心爱的计算机
B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式
动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。
C.动词的-ed形式的特征
动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。
1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。
除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大,他对生物很感兴趣。
One of the glass was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chine people. 鲁迅写的这些书,受到了许多中国人的喜爱。
2.及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。
Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间,我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。)
When you speak English, be sure to make yourlf understood. 你说英语的时候,一定要让人懂得你的意思。(动词make的宾语yourlf和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。)
The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。
3.不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思,并不带有被动的含义。
an escaped prisoner 逃犯 (= a prisoner who has escaped)
a retired w
orker 退休工人 (= a worker who has retired)
a newly arrived guest 新来的客人 (= a guest who has just arrived)
We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。
People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。
二、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。
A.动词的-ed形式作表语
1.-ed形式在连系动词后作表语,说明主语的状态。
The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。
When we got there, the shop was clod. 我们到那儿时,商店已经关门了。
She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。
The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。
Hearing the news, he looked disappointed. 听到这个消息,他看起来非常失望。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。
比较:
要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态,被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。
All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态)
All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态,表示动作)
Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态
Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。(被动语态,表示动作)
2.同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。
动词的-ed形式作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思,而-ing形式作t表语多表示主语具有的特征,含有主动的意思。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people prent were moved. 看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动了。
提示:
上述动词的-ed形式,有的(如plead, tired, excited, disappointed等)已经变成形容词,可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的(如amud, puzzled, relaxed等)还不能被very, too修饰,只能被much修饰。
The problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。
We are much puzzled by his failure to reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。
His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。
All the people prent were moved to tears. 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。
B.动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语
当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时,一般应用动词的-ed形式作
,并没有多大的区别,可以互换。
Suddenly ized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。
= Being suddenly ized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。
Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get ud to town life. 因为是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活。
= Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get ud to town life. 因为是在农村长大的,他感到很难适应城市生活。
5.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。
动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时,通常位于句子的后面,相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿,被学生围住了。(= and he was surrounded by the students)
He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走进办公室,后面跟着一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children)
They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他们转过身来,站在房间中央,完全惊呆了。
She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 她接受了礼物,深深地感动了。
注意:
动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。
【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.
【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。
【误】I cannot stand laughed at.
【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。
三、动词的-ed形式的逻辑主语
A.动词的-ed形式在句中作状语和表语时,它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的主语,-ed形式和主语之间是被动关系。
Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被锁了起来,没有办法逃跑了。
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思,几乎撞到了前面的汽车。
She became discouraged at the news. 听到这个消息,她泄气了。
Though it was 10:00 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 尽管已经是上午10点了,商店的门仍然锁着。
B.当动词的-ed形式在句中作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词,它和名词之间是被动关系。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是16世纪出版的。
The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年开办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生喜爱。
A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。
C.当动词的-ed形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时,它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Vivien got her fingers trapped