八年级英语同步详解
仁爱英语八年级上册Unit1topic1
SectionA语言点讲解
uplaybasketballalmosteverydayduringtheSummerholidays.
常见的感官动词有:e,watch,hear,smell,feel等。后可接①动词ing形式,表此动作正在发生。②动词原形,
不表此动作正在发生,表此动作已完成或存在的事实。
①Doyousmellsomething?(burn)答案:burning
②Ioftenehimbasketballafterclass.(play)答案:play
sgoingtobeabasketballgamebetweenClassThreeandourclassthisSunday.
Therebe句型:表某地有某物.而have表示某人有…
(1)Thereis/are..表现在某地有某物,is/are取决于后面的名词是单数还是复数,单数用is复数用are,如①Thereisa
penandtworulersonthedesk.②Therearetworulersandapen…
(2)Therewas/were…表过去某地有某物。was/were的用法也遵循就近原则。
(3)Therewillbe或Thereis/aregoingtobe表某地将有某事物。不能说成Therewillhave…
(题)amatchinourschoolbetweenClassThreeandClassFournextweek.
ouliketocomeandcheeruson?-----Sure,I’dloveto.
(1)Wouldyoulike+不定式?表建议或邀请。常用I’dloveto来回答,不同意也常用
“I’dloveto,but…”来拒绝别人。如:Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithme?---I’dloveto,butIhavealotof
homeworktodo.
(2)在肯定句中wouldlike=want如:I’dliketohavearest.=Iwanttohavearest.
urteamwillwin.----Me,too.(=SodoI.)
①hope+that从句,that可省去。IhopethatIcaneyousoon.
②oeyousoon.
注意:(1)wish(愿)与hope的用法一样,后既可以接从句也可以接不定式,但不能说
h.(hope后不接双宾语,但wish可以),如:
Ihopeyoutohelpme(错)Ihopethatyoucanhelpme.(对)
(2)hope后接的从句常用将来时态表可以实现的愿望,而wish后接的宾语从句常用过去时态表难以实现
的愿望,如:①Ihopeyouwillcome.②IwishIcouldflytothemoon.
rrowing.
(1)prefer(过去式过去分词需双写preferred)后可直接接动词ing形式或动词不定式,表更喜欢…,用法同like/love:
①Ipreferswimming(更喜欢经常游泳)②Iprefertoswim.(更喜欢这一次去游泳)
(2)prefer(doing)Ato(doing)B相当于:like…betterthan…
Ipreferswimmingtoskating.==Ilikeswimmingbetterthanskating.
八年级英语同步详解
(3)后接不定式时与ratherthan或insteadof连用,如:Hepreferredtodieratherthan(to)steal./Hepreferredtodie
insteadofstealing.他宁死也不去偷窃。
6.-----Doyourowmuch?你经常划船吗?-----Yes,quiteabit/alot.是的,经常。
quiteabit/alot经常/许多,大量.①quiteabitof后接不可数名词,如:quiteabitofmoney。②quitealotof后既
可接可数名词复数也可以接不可数名词,如:quitealotofbooks/information。而③quiteafew=many表“相当多”后
接可数名词复数,如:quiteafewstudents④quitealittle=much表许多,后接不可数名词,如;quitealittlemoney⑤
veryfew/little很少很少。
goingtojointheschoolrowingclub?
①join加入(人群,组织)②takepartin参加(活动,比赛)
注意:(1)join可与in连用,后接活动,即takepartin=joinin=bein后都接活动。如:①Hejoinedinthegame;②
Hejoinedinhelpingtheoldman.③I’llbeintherelayrace.(2)gsth.表加入某人的活动。如:Will
youjoinusinplayingbasketball?
SectionB
lishe,doyouknow?-----2.26meterstall.
与how构成的疑问词有:Howtall(身高)多高;howhigh(山)多高;howheavy多重;howlong多长;Howwide多
宽;howdeep多深;howold多大….对应的回答常用“数词+量词+形容词”,如:1.70meterstall;2kilometers
high;3kilosheavy;20yearsold
thplayfortheHoustonRocketsintheNBA.
playfor为某个队效力;playagainst与某个队比赛;playwith玩某物/与某人玩(比较:playbasketball打篮球;
Look,thebabyisplayingwithabasketball玩弄一个篮球)
eyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?=whatdoyouwanttobe…?你长大想干什么?
eckham,afamoussoccerstar,arrivedinBeijingwithhisteamyesterday.
表到达的有:①arriveat+(小地名);arrivein+(大地名)②getto③reach
sareveryexcited.
(1)excited表“感到激动的、兴奋的”,常只作表语,主语常为人。如:Weareexcited.
类似的有:interested有趣的;tired感到疲劳的;bored感到厌烦的
(2)exciting表“令人激动兴奋的”既可作定语,也可作表语;作表语时,主语常为事物,如:①aninteresting
book;②Thebookisinteresting.
类似的有:interesting令人有趣的;tiring令人感到疲劳的;boring令人感到厌烦的
’stoobadthattheyaren’tgoingtostayinBeijingforlong.
主语是斜体that从句部分,前用it来代替它。因此这是一个含主语从句的复合句。
It’stoobadthat…=It’sapitythat…=It’sashamethat..很遗憾…..
八年级英语同步详解
8.在英语中有一些表示位置移动的词,如:go,come,leave,arrive,fly可用现在进行时态表将来。如:Theyareflying
toWuhantomorrow.(表将飞往武汉而不是正去武汉)TheyareleavingforJapan.=TheywillleaveforJapan.
ining,oneoftheworld’sbestwomentabletennisplayers,wontwogoldmedalsforChina.
(1)oneof表…中的一个,后接可数名词的复数,如:oneofmyfriends
(2)名词作定语修饰名词时,一般用单数形式,如:twobookshops,twoshoeshops,但man,woman,sports修饰
可数名词复数时,常用复数形式,如:twomenteachers;sportsmeet
(3)winagoldmedal赢得一枚金牌;winaprize赢得奖品;winthefirstplace赢得第一名
hame!=Whatapity多么遗憾!类似的有:Whatfun!多么有趣!
herecord打破纪录;keeptherecord保持纪录
ack回信
SectionC
eek,一周一次twiceaweek一周两次,三次或三次以上用“数字+times”如:
threetimesayear,fourtimesaday,fivetimesaweek,…..
+v-ing形式的短语表“去做某事”如:gohiking去徒步旅行,goshopping去购物,goskating去滑冰,go
skiing去滑雪;gofishing去钓鱼。
ndshalfanhourdoingexerciinthegymeveryday.
当exerci指“体操、练习”时,是可数名词,如:domorningexercis做早操;doEnglishexercis做英语练
习题;但exerci指“锻炼,运动”时,是不可数名词。如:doexerci做运动。exerci还可作动词,指“锻
炼,运动”如:Sheexerciverymorning.
well=verywell相当好
lsogoodatjumping.
begoodat…=dowellin…擅长…如:IamgoodatEnglish.=IdowellinEnglish.
begoodfor…对…有好处,Runningisgoodforyourhealth.
反义词为:bebadat=dobadlyin不擅长….bebadfor对…有害
类似短语:begood/badtosb.对某人好/不好
esurethatshewillwin.
①besure+(that)从句,表“确信…”如:I’msure(that)eatingtoomuchisbadforyou.
②besuretodosth..确信做某事Wearesuretowinnexttime.
③besureof/about(doing)sth.表确信(做)某事I’msureofthat.
endoesshegocycling?
(1)go+动词ing形式,表进行某种户外活动,如:goswimming,gofishing,goclimbing.
(2)Howoften问多久一次,频率。常用sometimes,ldom,twiceayear等回答。
八年级英语同步详解
Howlong问多久。常用“(For)一段时间”来回答
Howsoon问多快(时间),用于将来时态。常用“Inanhour在一小时内等”来回答。如:Howsoonwillyou
comeback?-----Inaweek.
与how搭配的疑问词有:①Howmany多少(接可数名词复数形式)②Howmuch多少(接不可数名词)
③Howold问年龄④Howtall多高(人、树)⑤Howhigh多高(山、楼)⑥Howfar问距离⑦Howlong还可以
问物体的长度
(1)isitfromyourhometoyourschool?------It’stwokilometersaway.
(2)istheroom?------It’stwometerswide.
(3)isthetree?-------It’sthreemetershigh.
eitmakesmestronganditispopularallovertheworld.因为它使我强壮并且它流行
make,let,have当表“使,让”时是使令动词,后接动词原形。如:makemecry
make后还可以接形容词,名词,如:makemestrong,makehimourmonitor,
althy=keepfit保持健康(healthy=fit都是形容词,health是名词)
SectionD
1.Haveagoodday!祝你今天玩得高兴Haveagoodjourney!旅途愉快Haveagoodtime!祝你过得愉快Havea
goodweekend!周末愉快
八年级上册Unit1topic2
SectionA
l,couldyoupleadomeafavor?
(1)Couldyouplea=Wouldyouplea…?意为“请你…好吗?”后接动词原形
(2)=helpsb.=帮某人的忙。
ofmyteammatesfellill。但是我们队友中的一员病了。
(1)Oneof+可数名词复数,表“…..中之一”当它作主语时,是单数第三人称。如:
Oneofmyfriendslikesplayingcomputergames类似的短语有:
Someof…;中的一些mostof…中的大多数;
(2)fallill生病(强调动作)beill病了(强调状态)如:
Hefellillyesterday,andnowheisillinbed.
3.----Wouldyoumindteachingme?-----Notatall.你介意教教我吗?----不介意。
(1)Wouldyoumind(not)doingsth.你介意(别)做某事吗?(礼貌地请求某人做或别做某事)回答去做的有:Not
atall或Ofcournot或Certainlynot回答不去做的有:Sorry,Iwon’t./Yes,pleadon’t./You’dbetternot.
(2)Wouldyoumindmy/mesmokinghere?(常用物主代词my,her,his,our等,少用代词宾格me,he,us等)
八年级英语同步详解
’sgoandpractice.让我们去练习
practice+名词/动词ing,表练习什么/做什么,如:①WeoftenpracticespokenEnglish.(英语口语)②Let’spractice
dancing.
,I’llputitsomewhereel.
somewhereel别的某个地方somewhere是不定副词,el是形容词。形容词修饰不定副词、不定代词时,
常放在其后。如:somethingsweet甜食;Anythingel?还有别的吗?Nothingrious不严重
’tbelatenexttime.---Sorry,Iwon’t.(对不起,我将再也不会了)
①belate迟到,如:Youarelateagain.②belatefor…做…迟到如:Hewaslateforschool.
(3)回答否定祈使句常用:Sorry,Iwon’t.如:Don’tshoutatme!----Sorry,Iwon’t.
回答肯定祈使句常用:OK,Iwill.如:Pleastudyhard.----OK,Iwill.
7.WouldyoupleasayitinEnglish.你能用英语说一下它吗?
①Wouldyouplea(not)dosth(请求某人做某事)②Wouldyouliketodosth.(提建议)
③Wouldyoumind(not)doingsth(请求)
’sverykindofyou,butIcanmanageitmylf.太感谢你了,但我会自己处理的。
manage作“管理,处理”时,结构为:managesb./sth.如:Shemanagedthehotelwell.
manage作“设法做成某事”时,结构为:managetodosth.如:it’stoonoisyhere,I’llmanagetoleavehere.注意
比较trytodosth.努力去做某事
"Itis+形容词+h.."和"Itis+形容词+h.."这两个句型容易混淆。什么情况下用of或for
是一个考点。实际上前者的形容词用来描述某人的,因此可以转换成:Sb.+be+形容词+todosth.后者的形容词
用来描述做某事的,可以转换成:+形容词。如:
Itisrightofyoutodomorereading.=Youarerighttodomorereading.(right用来描述you)
Itiasyforyoutofinishthework.=Tofinishtheworkiasyforyou.
SectionB
alwayssocareless!
always除了用于一般现在时态中,也可用于进行时态中,bealwaysdoingsth.总是….常用来赞扬某人,如:
Sheisalwayshelpingothers.
dagoodchance.(错过一个好机会)
miss意为”思念,错过”如:①Imissmymotherverymuch.②Shemisdtheearlybus.
isbest.他尽力了。
a)doone’sbest=tryone’sbest尽某人最大努力②Doone’sbesttodosth.=tryone’sbest
todosth.某人尽力去干某事Wewilldo/tryourbesttostudyEnglishwell.
ng,wouldyoumindsayingsorrytoMichael?你介意向Michael道歉吗?
八年级英语同步详解
①Saysorrytosb向某人道歉②sayhellotosb.向某人打招呼/问候。
③saygoodbyetosb.向某人道别。
ryforwhatIsaid.我为我所说的道歉。
for后面的whatIsaid(我所说的)是一个宾语从句。类似的还有:whatIsaw(我所见的),whatIthoughtabout(我
所考虑的)
a)Besorryfor表为….道歉,后面接名词、代词、从句或动名词。②Besorrytodosth.
抱歉去做某事。有时①②可互换如:I’msorryfortroublingyou.=I’msorrytotroubleyou.
ying!Wearesuretowinnexttime.
(1)Keepdoingsth.坚持做某事;th.让某人一直干某事;
keepondoingsth.=goondoingsth.继续做某事
(2)①besuretodosth.确信要做某事(表将来)如:It’ssuretorain.肯定要下雨。
②besure+(that)从句,如:Wearesurethatwewillwinnexttime.
③besureaboutsth.对某事确信,如:I’msureabouttheanswer.
7.KangkangwasangrywithMicheal.
beangrywithsb.生某人的气
beangryatsth.因某事而生气,如:Hewasangryatwhathehadsaid.
ehelpofMariaandJane,KangkangsaidsorrytoMicheal.
Withthehelpofsb.=withone’shelp在某人的帮助下WithMariaandJane’shelp,….
9.(1)turnon打开(电器、龙头等);turnoff关;(2)turnup调大音量turndown调小音量
takeaat.请坐
Takeone’sat=haveone’sat坐某人的座位如:Hetookhisatandreadabook.
withsth.为某事而忙碌。如:Kangkangisbusywithhixam.
bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事如:HeisbusypreparingforChristamas.
ind.=Itdoesn’tmatter.=That’sOK/allright.=Notatall.没关系。都可以用来回答“I’msorry.”如:I’m
sorryIdidn’tcallyoulastnight.---youwerebusy.
SectionC
ng?Yes,butverytiringaswell.很精彩?是的,但也很累。
表“也”的有下列词,用法如下:
①aswell/too用于肯定句末.I’tudentaswell/too.
②also用于肯定句中(位于系动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前)如:
likesEnglish.
③either用于否定句末。I’mnotastudent,heisn’tastudenteither.
八年级英语同步详解
ntedanindoorgameforhisstudentssothattheycouldplayeveninbadweather.
(1)sothat①为了,以便Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.
②结果,以致Helefthisbookathomesothathewentbackhomeagain.
so+形容词/副词+that从句:如此….以致…Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikeshim.
such+名词短语+that从句:如此….以致…Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikeshim.
(2)①invent(动词)发明②inventor(名词)发明家③invention(名词)发明
Inventorshaveinventedmanygreatinventions发明家已经发明了许多伟大的发明。
nowhowtoscoreinthegame?(在比赛中得分)
score进球,得分①名词:Thefinalscoreis2-1.最后得分为2比1。
②动词:Noonescoredinthefirsthalf.没人得分在上半场。
SectionD
15-year-oldboy.我是一个15岁大的男孩。
用连接号“—”构成的词常做一个形容词,放在名词前作定语,此结构中数词后的词不用复数,不能说成
15-years-old,但不是一个词时,year要用复数。如:Heis15yearsold.
2.①insteadof代替...,是一个副词短语,不能放主语后独立作谓语动词,只能放在动词后作谓语,它后可接名词/代词
/动名词(v-ing)。如:Youshouldplayoutinsteadofworkingindoors.
a)instead代替…放句尾或句首。Idon’tlikeswimming,let’sgohikinginstead.
reatfunrunning.
fun是不可数名词,意为“乐趣”,词组havefundoingsth.在做某事中得到乐趣,如:
WehavegreatfunlearningEnglish.注意:havefun=enjoyonelf=haagoodtime.
4.Before和after既可作介词,后接动词ing形式。也可作连词,后接时间状语从句。如:
开始跳高前,我们必须弄清楚如何跳得高。
①Beforestartingjumping,wemustgettoknowhowtojumphigh.(介词)
②Beforewestartjumping,wemustgettoknowhowtojumphigh.(连词)
5.短语:①shoutatsb朝某人吼(不礼貌地);shouttosb.朝某人大声地喊
②beimporttosb./sth.对某人是重要的。如:Englishisimportanttous.
③buildsb/onelfup增强某人体质如:Runningcanbuildourlvesup.
④立刻,马上:inaminute=rightnow=rightaway=atonce=soon
八年级英语同步详解
八年级上册Unit1topic3
SectionA
1.I’llbeinthelongjumpandthehighjump.
bein+活动,表“参加某活动,相当于takepartin和joinin
和maybe
①maybe=perhaps副词,表“可能,也许,大概”,在句中作状语,通常放句首,也可以放动词之前。如:Maybe
youareright.(可能你是对的)
②maybe表“可能是”常放句中,如:Youmayberight.(你可能是对的)
3.动词放句首的几种情况:
①动词原形放句首,用于祈使句。如:Readthedialogueloudly,plea.
②动词ing形式(动名词)放句首作主语,把它当作单数第三人称对待。如:Readinginthesunisbadforyour
eyes.
③动词不定式也可以放句首作主语,如:Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.当然,通常我们把不定式放句后,
前用形式主语it来代替它。因此这句话常说成:Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithhim.(跟他交谈是一种莫大的
乐趣)
ignfriend,Steve,willcometocheermeon.
cheersbon为某人加油。
5.IamsureIwillmakefriendsduringthesportsmeet.
(1)makefriends交朋友(2)makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友,如:Iwantomakefriendswithyou.(3)sports
meet运动会
’tlo.
lo①输(反义词为:win)IamafraidIwilllothegame.②丢失Ilostmybook.
’smyfirsttimetotakepartinthehighjump.
It’sone’sfirsttimetodosth.是某人第一次做…如:It’sherfirsttimetocookdinner/
SectionB
’sgotoplanttreesthen.那么让我们去植树吧。
plant和grow都表“种植”,一般可互换,但grow比plant更需要精心的培育。常说:planttrees,growrice.
’smakeithalfpastsix.我们约定6:30吧。(这是约定时间的常用表达法.)
的用法:
(1)enough(足够的/地)修饰形容词或副词必须放在它的后面。如:bigenough(大的足够)slowlyenough(慢地足够)
enough修饰名词时,即可放其前,也可放其后。如:enoughmoney或moneyenough.
(2)enoughtodosth.足够…..可以做….此句式还可以与so…..that….;too…to….互换。
八年级英语同步详解
Sheisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.==Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.=Sheistoo
youngtogotoschool.她太小了而不能上学。
otos=takepictures照相
SectionC
’resorrythatwedidbadlyinthehighjump,butwe’resurewecandobetternexttime.
dobadlyin=bebadin在…方面做得差(badly是副词,修饰动词do;bad是形容词)
dobetterin=bebetterin做得更好,更擅长于….(better是well,good的比较级)
ple’sRepublicofChinatookpartintheOlympicsforthefirsttimein1952.
forthefirsttime第一次如:IwenttoBeijingforthefirsttimelastsummerholiday.
mpicGamestakeplaceeveryfouryears.
短语:(1)takeplace发生,举办(2)everyfouryears每4年一次
SectionD
mpicringsareasymboloftheOlympicGames.
asymbolof…的一种象征YellowwasasymbolofimperialpowerinancientChina.
refiverings,andtheystandforthefivepartsoftheworld.
standfor代表…ThedragonstandsfortheChinenation.
easilyfindatleastoneofthecolorsintheflagofeverycountry.
atleast至少=over=morethan如:Thereareatleast400studentsinourschool.
eourenvironment改善我们的环境
(1)improve改善,提高Idon’tknowhowtoimprovemyEnglish.
(2)improveonelf自我提高weshouldstudyhardtoimproveourlves
八年级上册Unit2topic1
SectionA
’swrongwithyou?你怎么了?
同义句有:What’sthematter/troublewithyou?(matter/trouble是名词,前用the;wrong是形容词,前不用the)
2.短语:haveacold=catchacold患感冒;haveacough患咳嗽;haveafever发烧;
haveastomachache胃疼;haveaheadache头痛haveasorethroat喉咙疼
havetheflu患流感;havesoreeyes眼疼(注意这两个特殊点的)
Ihaveaheadache.=Ihaveanacheinmyhead.(ache指持续的疼痛,pain指肉体上的剧烈疼痛,sore常指发
炎而引起的肌肉痛)
est=havearest休息一下
①举起liftthebox②消散Thecloudswillliftsoon③电梯getoutofthelift
八年级英语同步详解
kpale.
系动词有:be是;look看起来,smell闻起来,sound听起来,taste尝起来,feel觉得,turn/get/become变;他们后常
接形容词作表语,系动词常可用动词be来退换。如:
Themusicsoundswonderful.=Themusiciswonderful.
akesomemedicinefirstandehowitgoes.
(1)takesomemedicine=havesomemedicine服药
(2)ehowitgoes看它如何发展(go表事情的进展,如:Everythingisgoingwell。)
night日日夜夜
8.Idon’tfeellikeeating.
feellikedoingsth.=wanttodosth.想要做…如:Ifeellikerunning.
9.You’dbetterdrinkhotteawithhoney.
with加…的,without没有…如:Chineteawithnothing=Chineteawithoutanything
uldliedownandrest.
liedown躺下,lie的现在分词为lying,过去式为lay
’dbetternoteattoomuchcandy.
(1)toomuch修饰不可数名词,还可以用来修饰动词,如:
①toomuchmoney;②Stayinbedanddon’tmoveyourlegtoomuch.
(2)toomany修饰可数名词复数,如:toomanystudents
(3)muchtoo修饰形容词或副词,如:muchtooexpensive
ne’steeth刷牙(tooth的复数teeth)
SectionC
heckitover.
checkover=lookover检查正误,检查身体如:①Canyoucheckovermyhomework.
②Thedoctorcheckedheroverandshewasfine.
,takethepills.给,服下这些药片。pill药片,服药用动词take/have.
3.I’msorrytotellyouthatIhadanaccidentyesterday.
haveanaccident发生一场事故
tortoldmetostayinbedforaweekandlookaftermylf.
stayinbed待在床上(inbed常指生病在床上,onthebed常指物品在床上)
’dlikeaskforaweek’sleave.
(1)askforaleave请假(2)askforaweek’sleave请一周的假(3)askthreedays’leave
’llgetwellandreturntoschoolsoon.
八年级英语同步详解
(1)returnto+某地=go/comebackto…表返回某地,如:KangkangreturnedtoBeijing.
(2).=.表归还某物给某人,如:
Youmustreturnittomesoon.=Youmustgiveitbacktomesoon.
SectionD
n’treadituntiltoday.
否定句+until...表不能做某事,直到什么时候才能做。如:
Ican’thelpyouuntilyoutellmethetruth.我不能帮助你,直到你告诉我真相我才帮你。
erisalsosick.
Sick和ill都表“病的“,但sick即可以作定语也可以作表语,如:①asickgirl;②Thegirlissick.而ill只能作
表语,如:Thegirlisill.因此sick>ill.
’boutsth./sb.为…担心
ulddrinkplentyofboiledwater.
plentyof=alotof许多的;大量的,可接可数名词的复数或不可数名词
youfeelingtoday?你今天感觉如何?---Muchbetter.好多了。
eftlegstillhurtswhenImoveit.但是我的左腿仍然痛,当我动的时候。
hurt①疼痛:Myleghurts②伤害Hehurthislegwhenhefell.
八年级上册Unit2topic2
SectionA
’sup?=What’shappening?=What’swrong?=What’sthematter/trouble?怎么了?
guplateisbadforyourhealth.
(1)stayup=situp熬夜,如:westayedupuntilmidnighttoetheNewYearcoming.
(2)动词ing形式(动名词)可直接放句首作主语,谓语动词用单三形式。
tle太少;toomuch太多;都用来修饰不可数名词。
oschoolwithoutbreakfast不吃早饭去上学。
SectionB
un在阳光下(此处不能用underthesun)
doingsth.=stopdoingsth.放弃做某事
’tthrowlitterabout.
throwabout到处扔,如:throwlitterabout=throwaboutlitter(litter是名词,即可以放后也可以放中间,但代词只
能放中间,如:throwitabout)
walk去散步;takeawalk=haveawalk散步
八年级英语同步详解
keepyouactiveduringtheday.
(1)keep+宾语+补语(补语可以是:动词ing形式;形容词;介词短语)
①I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.(th.使某人一直做某事)
②Keepthedooropen,plea.(keepsb/sth+形容词表示某人/某事物保持怎样的状态)
③Onceacoldkeepthechildinbedforthreedays(keepsb+介词短语表示某人呆在某地)
(2)duringtheday=inthedaytime在白天
SectionC
howthatsomethingiswrongwithyourhealth.
(1).=.向某人展示某物pleashowmeyournewbook.
(2)某地表带某人参观某地:I’llshowyouaroundourschooltomorrow.
getaheadachewhenyouexercionanemptystomach.
onanemptystomach空腹
etintothehumanbodythroughtheno.
(1)getinto进入,陷入;如:getintotrouble陷入麻烦
(2)①through从物体内部穿过,如:walkthroughaforest.②across从物体表面横穿,如:goacrosstheroad③over
从物体上空越过,如:flyoverthecity
hasanillness.
illness=sickness疾病(名词),很少表示具体的疾病,只表示抽象的疾病,dia常表某种疾病。如:heartdia
心脏病
SectionD
ow,goodhealthismoreimportantthanwealth.
asweknow=itiswellknow众所周知
,wemustalsohavetherightkindsoffood.
therightkindsoffood正确种类的食物
ldeatmorefruitandlessmeat.
Eatmore….andless…多吃…少吃…
entfoodshelpusindifferentways.
(1)food,fruit等词常作不可数名词,后不加s,但当强调多种食物或水果时,常用复数形式,如differentfoods.
(2)indifferentways以不同的方式
’snecessaryforustohavehealthyeatinghabits.
句型:Itis+形容词+h.(it代替后面的不定式)对于某人来说,去做某事是…的,如:It’sufulfor
ustolearnEnglishwell.
八年级英语同步详解
八年级上册Unit2topic3
SectionA
,hurryup!DadisonTV.
(1)①hurryup赶快,表催促②hurrytodosth.=ry匆忙地做某事
Hehurriedtofinishthework.=Hefinishedtheworkinahurry.
③hurryto+某地:表匆匆地去某地,如:
Hehurriedtothehospital.=Hewenttothehospitalinahurry.
(2)beonTV某人或某事物上电视。
kyousomequestions,?----Sure,goahead.
(1)疑问句和否定句中,表“一些”,常用any,不用some.但当此疑问句表建议或请求时,
Some不改成any.如:Wouldyoulikesometea?
(2)goahead请开始吧
readasilyamongpeople.
(1)spread(spread,spread)传播,传开Thediaspreadalloverthecountry.
(2)among表在多者之间,between在两者之间,常用:betweenAandB
4.短语:①buildupourbodies使我们的身体强健②crowdedplaces人群拥挤的地方
③takeone’sadvice=acceptone’sadvice接受某人的建议(advice不可数名词)
开头提出的问句,否定回答不用mustn’t来回答,常见的回答如:
MustIgonow?(我必须得走吗?)肯定回答:Yes,youmust.(是的,你必须);
否定回答:No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.(不,你不必)(needn’t=don’thaveto)
etterkeepawayfromanimals.
keep…awayfrom…让…远离….如:You’dbetterkeepthechildawayfromthefire.
SectionB
oment,plea=waitamoment=Holdon,plea.请稍等(打电话常用语)
syrightnow.
rightnow用两种意思:①现在=now②马上=rightaway;inaminute;atonce;
iningapatient.
(1)examine=checkover检查(2)patient表“①病人②有耐心的”
4.短语:①getthroughtosb和某人接通电话②leaveamessageforsb.给某人留口信
③ge=takeamessageforsb.给某人捎口信④给某人回电话
⑤ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth.叫某人(不)去做某事
八年级英语同步详解
SectionC
anactivepartinthebattleagainstit.
(1)takeanactivepartin基金参加….(2)against介词,与…对抗
dforthepatientsdayandnight.
carefor=takecareof=lookafter照顾,照看
dutytosavethepatients.
(1)此句为主语从句,it代替tosavethepatients
(2)save有3种意思:①救②储存savemoney③节约savewater
menoe!好久不见
youspendyourtimeathome?你在家是如何度过的?
spend+时间:表度过…IspentmyholidayinBeijing
tmylfontheInternet.
(1)teachonelf=learnbyonelf自学MichaellearnedEnglishbyhimlf.
(2)注意teach的用法:
MrLiuteachesourEnglish.(改错)→MrLiuteachesusEnglish.(正确)
SectionD
除了表示“必须”,还表示“一定”,如:Kangkangmustbeathome.(一定是)
mustn’t只指“不准”,canbe/maybe可能是;can’tbe不可能是。
2.反身代词的用法见语法表。
八年级上册Unit3topic1
SectionA
themareofgreatvalue.
ofgreatvalue意为“很有价值的”,相当于valuable.“Of+名词”表“有…的”,相当于一个形容词。如:Itis
ofimportance.=Itisimportant.
oenjoylisteningtorockmusic,butnowIlovecollectingpaintings.
(1)udto+动词原形,表过去经常做某事(现在不了),否定形式为didn’tuto或
udnotto,如:Hedidn’tutodrinkbeer.=Heudnottodrinkbeer.其疑问句即可用助动词did,也可以用
ud,如:DidheutoliveinBeijing?=UdhetoliveinBeijing?
(2)love的用法同like,后即可以接动词ing形式,也可以接动词不定式。
(3)picture广义的图画,包括painting(水彩画),drawing(简笔画)
restedin对…感兴趣
omusic随着音乐跳舞
八年级英语同步详解
of喜爱
SectionB
youoftendoinyoursparetime?Inone’ssparetime=inone’sfreetime在某人空闲时间里
gooutanddosomeoutdooractivities?
(1)表建议的句型有:
Whynot=Whydon’tyou,后接动词原形,如;Whynot/Whydon’tyougoout?
Whatabout=Howabout后接动词ing,如:What/Howaboutgoingout?
Shallwe+动词原形,如:Shallwegoout?
(2)dosomeoutdooractivities做户外活动
needachange.
change①名词,改变,如:agreatchange。②动词,改变,如:Hechangedhismind.(改了他的主意)③名词,零
钱,如:Here’syourchange.
lower浇花(water在此为动词,表“给…浇水”)
5.含time的短语:①allthetime一直②atthesametime同时③attimes有时
④intime及时⑤ontime准时⑥atthattime在那时⑦fromtimetotime不时
…atall一点也不,如:Idon’ll不用谢;没关系
haremyinterests?sharesthwithsb.同某人分享某事物,如:Iwanttosharemyhappinesswithyou.
SectionC
udtogoswimmingduringthesummervacation?vacation=holiday假期
oswiminthepondinfrontofmyhou.
infrontof在(某物体外面的)前面,如:Therearesometreesinfrontofmyhou.
inthefrontof在(某物体里面的)前面,如:Thereisablackboardinfrontoftheclassroom.
ver!
感叹句:(1)How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!感叹句中主语和谓语常省去。如:
①Howtall(thetreeis)!②Howfast(heruns)!
(2)What+(a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)!当名词为可数名词单数时,用a/an,如:Whatatalltree(itis)!
当此名词为复数或不可数名词时,不要a/an,如:①Whattalltrees(theyare)!②Whatbadweather(itis)!
eppets,playsports,dancetomusic.
keeppets养宠物(keep有养,保存的意思)feedpets喂宠物(feed指给东西它吃)
通常放句中,后接几个并列名词,如:Icanspeakmanylanguages,suchasEnglish,FrenchandJapane.而
forexample可放句中,句首或句尾,后常接一个句子或短语并与它用逗号隔开,如:Forexample,Australiawas
unknown
八年级英语同步详解
shelppeoplerelaxaftertheirdailywork.
daily=everyday每天的,日常的。如:inourdailylife=inoureverydaylife
(1)副词,好地,如:HespeaksEnglishwell(2)形容词,身体好的,如:Iamwell.
SectionD
orofhisskinislightpink.
light(1)颜色浅的,反义词dark(2)重量轻的,反义词为heavy(3)灯
swaterandIoftenhelphimtakeabathinthepond.
(1)He和she也可以表动物的雌雄,指祖国时用she.
(2)takeabath=haveabath洗澡
n’tmindwhethertheyaregoodornot.
whether和if表是否时,常可以互换,但在以下情况只能用whether,不能用if.
(1)whether可以和or(not)合在一起使用,也可以分开使用,但if可以只能在口语中与ornot分开使用。Letme
knowwhetherornotyoucancome.
(2)whether后可接不定式,而if不能。如:Pleatelluswhethertogoorstayhere.
(3)whether可置于句首引导主语从句,而if不能。如:
_Whether_the2000OlympicGameswillbeinBeijingisnotknownyet.
(4)whether可用在介词之后,引导宾语从句,而If则不能。如:
Successdependsonwhetherwemakeenougheffort.
(5)whether可引导表语从句,if则不能。如:Thequestioniswhetheritisnotworthdoing.
(6).在有些动词(如discuss)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。如:
Wediscusdwhetherweshouldclotheshop.
八年级上册Unit3topic2
SectionA
ngtoaconcert.
短语:①gotoaconcert去听音乐会②give/holdaconcert举行音乐会
③ataconcert在音乐会上
gtotakeEnglishlessons.
takealesson=havealesson上课n给某人上课/给某人一个教训
ndyousometapesofhersongs.
(1)lendsthtosb.把某物借给某人(2)borrowsthfromsb从某人那里借进某物
4.乐器前要用the,如:playthepiano;球类前不用the,如:playbasketball
艺术;artist艺术家;artistic艺术的
八年级英语同步详解
SectionB
’shardtosay.很难说。It’s+形容词+todosth.(it=不定式)
…bestofall最喜欢…,如:LiXianglikesjazzbest.=JazzisLiXiang’sfavorite.
dgo来去,来来往往
yingandTengerarefamousfortheirfolksongs.
befamousfor因…而闻名ChinaisfamousfortheGreatWall.
befamousas以…身份而出名LuXunisfamousasawriter.
SectionC
and组成乐队tupaband建立乐队
riends密友(clo亲密的)
ntinuetomakemusic.
continuetodosth=continuedoingsth.继续做某事,如:
Hecontinuedreading/toreadwhenIspoketohim.
bersofthebandareallfromEngland.
member成员,如:amemberofthefamily=afamilymember家庭的一员
SectionD
h.叫某人去做某事;.向某人寻求某物例:Heaskedthepoliceforhelp
八年级上册Unit3topic3
SectionA
eline,plea.
Holdtheline=holdon=waitamoment=justamoment为打电话用语,意为“等一会”
=not…anybody;如:Thereisnobodyintheroom.=Thereisnotanybodyintheroom.
no=not…any如:Ihavenofriends.=Idon’thaveanyfriends.
hower=haveashower洗淋浴takeabath=haveabath洗澡
SectionB
movie/film=eamovie/film看电影;gotothecinema/movietheater去电影院
的用法:(1)agreewith后常接人或what引导的从句,表同意某人,如:
①Iagreewithyou.②Iagreewithwhatyousaid.
(2)agreetosth.,表“同意某事”,接表示建议、计划、条件、安排等的词。如:
Iagreetotheplan.
(3)agreetodosth表“同意去做某事”,如:Iagreetohelpyou.
(4)agreeon/aboutsth.关于某事方面表示同意,如:Iagreeonthematter.
八年级英语同步详解
(5)agree+that从句,如:TheyagreedthatIshouldbuythebook.
me英俊的(常指男士),beautiful漂亮的(常指女士)
悲伤的,难过的;sadly副词;sadness悲伤(名词)
eImadefacesandmademyclassmateslaughwhenshewasgivingusalesson.
makefaces=makeaface做鬼脸n/lessons给某人上课
SectionC
arly1800s,Sundaywasthe“holyday”.
表“世纪或年代”用“in+the+(年数s)”如:Inthe1800s在19世纪;
inthe1960s在20世纪60年代;(注意:要用the,年数后加s,而表示具体的某一年不用the,也不加s,如:in2009)
2.短语比较:solvetheproblem解决难题;answerthequestion回答问题(question才是问的问题,而problem不是)
’clockeveryonestoppedworking.
stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事情;stoptodosth.=stopdoingAtodoB停下来去做另件事
类似的有:goondongsth.继续做某事(同件事);goontodosth.接着去做某事(另件事)
thebeginningoftheideaoftheweekendinEngland.
thebeginningof表“…的开始”atthebeginningof表“在…的开始”如:
atthebeginningofthemonth在月初
SectionD短语:talkabout谈论talkwith/to与某人交谈
八年级上册Unit4topic1
SectionA
1.名词复数特殊的几种:
(1)单复数同形的名词有:fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,Chine中国人;Japane
(2)不规则变化:child---children;foot---feet,tooth---teeth牙齿;goo---gee鹅
mou---mice老鼠;man---men;woman---women
注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。如:
anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German(德国人)不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;
(3)只有复数形式的名词:trours裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤glass眼镜,
2.形容词和副词的比较级前可用much,alittle,even,far来修饰,但不能用more,very。如:
much/farmorebeautiful;alittletaller.
3.复习比较级和最高级(见语法表)
SectionB
veusjoy.它们给我们快乐。
giveusjoy=giveushappiness/pleasure(joy=happiness=pleasure表快乐,都是名词)
八年级英语同步详解
.与某人分享某物,如:Iwanttosharemyhappinesswithyou.
sfeedonplants.
①feedon以…为食;Tigersfeedonmeat.②liveon以食…为生:Weliveonrive
③feed喂:Myjobistofeedanimals.
SectionC
restscover6%oftheearth’ssurface.
(1)cover覆盖;(2)cover…with…,用…覆盖…,如:Hecoveredhisfacewithanewspaper.
(3)becoveredwith…被…覆盖:Thelandiscoveredwithsnow.
ndsandthousandsofanimalsliveinrainforests.
thousandsof成千上万的…thousandsandthousandsof千千万万的(比前者更多)
ltheclimate控制气候
n’tlivewithoutwater.
Without没有,是介词,后不能接句子,只接名词,动名词或代词。如:
Iwon’tbehappywithouther.
,watermakesupthelargestpartofthehumanbody.
makeup组成,bemadeupof由…组成,如:Ourteamismadeupof11players.
比较:bemadeof(from)由…制成
saveeverydropofwater.
save(1)节约savemoney(2)救saveone’slife救某人的命
drop(1)动词,掉Abottledroppedontothefloor.(2)名词,滴adropofwater.
twater,therecouldbenolifeonearth.
onearth(1)=intheworld在世界上(2)用于疑问词或否定词后,表“究竟,到底”,如:Whatonearthdidyou
dothatfor?
SectionD
etheoldesttypeoftigerslivingintheworld.
livingintheworld(正生活在世界上的)现在分词短语可放所修饰的名词后,相当于一个定语从句(thatare)living
intheworld.
eindangernow.
be+in+名词,用来表示“处于…之中”如:beindanger,beintrouble,beinhealth.
ntsinPictureOnearemorebeautifulthanthoinPictureTwo.
tho在此指代“theplants”。包含比较级的句子必须是同类事物才能比较,为了避免重复,用that(代单数名词)
或tho(代复数名词)代替前面出现的词或短语:
八年级英语同步详解
TheclimateofKunmingisbetterthanBeijing.(改错,天气不能和北京比)→TheclimateofKunmingisbetterthanthat
ofBeijing.(that=theclimate)
4.题:SuzhouismostbeautifultouristcityandIbelieveI’llcomeforcondtime.
,aB.a;;theD.a;the
解析:形容词的最高级前面要加the,序数词前一般也加the,表“第几”,如:thefirstlesson.
但序数词前也可用a,表“再第几次”,如:Hehadtriedforsixtimes,buthefailed,thenhetriedaventhtime.(他再
试了第七次),故答案为:A
八年级上册Unit4topic2
SectionA
dscientistinventthefirstrobot?
invent(动词)发明;inventor(名词)发明家;invention(名词)发明如:ntedmany
inventions.
orethat,somethinglikearobotappeared.
appear出现;disappear消失Thegirldisappearedintheforest.
cantaketheplaceofhumanstodohardorboringworkinsomesituations.
(1)taketheplaceof…=takeone’splace代替…(动词短语,可放主语后做谓语)如:
Hetooktheplaceofmetoanswerthequestion.
(2)insteadof代替(介词短语,不能作谓语,应放在谓语动词后)如:Heanswerthequestioninsteadofme.
sure?
(1)besureof/aboutsth.确信…Heissureofhissuccess.
(2)besuretodosth.一定会做某事:Itissuretorain.
(3)besure+that从句I’msurethathewillcome.
和mend都有“修理,修补”的含义,但mend一般用于修理小东西、简单东西,如门窗、鞋袜、道路等。
而repair用于修理复杂、精密的东西,如:机器,手表,车辆等。
SectionB
ewovermyheadwhileIwaswalkingtowardthebusstopyesterday.
(1)flyover飞跃,over表“在物体的正上方”,如:Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
(2)walktoward(s)朝…方向走去
(3)while①当…时侯②与此同时;表此两种意思时,可与when退换,常与经行时态搭配使用:HeiswatchingTV
while/whenIamdoingmyhomework.
While还可表“然而”,如:HelikesBeijingwhileIlikeChongqing.
八年级英语同步详解
things生物
e’sjob失业;findajob找工作;getajob得到一份工作
oftenmistakesomeman-madeobjectsforUFOs.
(1)mistakeAforB错把A当做B:HeoftenmistakesmeforJim.
(2)makeamistake/makesomemistakes犯错Hemadeamistakeinanexam.
(3)bymistake错误地HecalledmeJimbymistake
ewastryingtocallforhelp….
callfor①=askfor要求:Hecalledforhelp.
②提倡,号召:PubliccallforgreenOlympics.公众呼吁绿色奥运。
upandsawhismother.
(1)wakeup醒来Shewokeupat9:00thismorning.
(2)wakesbup弄醒某人Mymotherwakesmeupat6:00everymorning.
(3)beawake醒着的Iwasawakeallnight.
SectionC
theInternetforfindingjobs.
ngsth.=h.用某物去做某事
houldn’tspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.
ometime/money(in)doingsth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事
ometime/moneyonsth.某人花费时间或金钱在某事物上
dsindictionariesareinalphabeticalorder.
inalphabeticalorder按字母顺序;in…order表“以….的顺序”如:
Putthewordsintherightorder.
查找,可以说“lookupaword”或“lookupawordinadictionary”
但不能说lookupadictionary
entionto(doing)sth.注意(做)某事。to在此为介词。
ith=startwith以…开始;endwith以…结束
SectionD
’dbetteraskourcomputerteacherforhelp.
.向某人要某物Heoftenaskshisfatherformoney.
p向某人求助
,butit’suless.
uless无用的,反义词uful.
八年级英语同步详解
八年级上册Unit4topic2
SectionA
dtobelotsofoldcitywallsinBeijing.
Thereudtobe某地曾经有某物
dcitywallswerepulleddowninthe1960s,becautheywerewornout.
短语:①pulldown拆毁②bewornout不能再用了,被穿破了:Myshoesarewornout.
③wearout穿破Childrenwearouttheirshoesveryquickly.
SectionB
stemperor,QinShihuang,orderedhismentomakethem.
h.命令某人去做某事
ldersudlivemodels,didn’tthey?
live/laiv/adj.①活的,主要指动物,livefish.②(电视)直播的
dsinNewYork.(it指自由女神像)
stand①站;②耸立;③忍受(后接名词或动词ing)
SectionC
ldingismadeupoftwomillionstones.
bemadeupof由…组成Thefootballteamismadeupofelevenplayers.
oneweighsmorethantwotons.
(1)weigh(动词)重,它的对应名词为weight(重量),形容词为heavy,如:
①CaoChongweighedtheelephant.②loweight减肥
(2)long(形容词)长的;length(名词)长度
(3)high(形容词)高的;height/hait/(名词)高度
stemperor,QinShihuang,joinedtheoldwallstogether.
join…together把…连接起来:jointhepiecesofpapertogether.
SectionD
初中英语18种特殊的反意疑问句
1.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few,little,ldom,hardly,never,not,no,noone,nobody,nothing,
none,neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如:
Heisneverlateforschool,ishe?他上学从不迟到,是吗?
2.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上willyou或won'tyou构成反意疑问句,用willyou多表示“请求”,用won'tyou多表
示提醒对方注意。例如:Lookattheblackboard,willyou/won'tyou?Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:
(1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shallwe例如:Let'sgohome,shallwe?回家吧,好吗?
八年级英语同步详解
(2)Letus/me...后的反意疑问句用willyou例如:Letmehaveatry,willyou?
3.陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:Something
iswrongwithmyradio,isn'tit?我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?
4.陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,nobody,
noone,none,neither时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如:
Everyoneishere,aren'tthey?大家都到了,是吗?
Nooneknowsaboutit,dothey?没有人知道这件事,对吗?
5.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如:Whatfineweather,
isn'tit?多好的天气啊,是吧?
6.陈述部分主、谓语是Iam...时,反意疑问句用aren'tI,例如:I'mworkingnow,aren’tI?
7.当陈述部分所含的形容词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,不能视为否定词。例如:
①Itisunfair,isn'tit?②Sheisunhappy,isn’tshe?
8.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如:Whatyouneedismore
important,isn'tit?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?
9.当陈述部分含Ithink(believe,suppo...)that...结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,例如:Idon't
thinkhewillcome,willhe?我认为他不会来,对吗?
10.陈述部分有haveto时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:
Youhavetowaterthevegetableveryday,don'tyou?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?
11.陈述部分有hadbetter时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。例如:
Wehadbettergotoschoolatonce,hadn'twe?我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?
12.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must作“必须”讲,反意疑问句须用
needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。
例如:
Hemustworkhardatphysics,needn’the?他必须努力学物理,是吧?
Tommustbeathome,isn'the?汤姆一定在家,是吧?
八年级英语同步详解
反意疑问句练习及答案
oursoughttobeenoughtime,______?
’’n’n’tthreehours
vetostudyalot,______?
’’’tthey
3.I'msuredirty,______?
’’
’tthinkyoujudgedyourability,______you?
’’t
ishaircuteverymonth,______?
’’the
iendneedstocomeearlier,______?
’’the
tleboydarenotgotochurch,______?
’’the
ne’shavingagoodtime,______?
’’tthey
howtooperatetheelectroniccomputer,______?
’’tyou
’slistentotheradioprogramthattheteachermentioned,______?
’’twe
dtotakepartinlaborinthatvillage,______?
’she
autifulweather,______?
’’’tit
rdaredtoaskhimaquestion,______?
’’twe
willbelievehowdifficulthisworkhasbeen______?
’’tthey
nghowtorepaircomputerstakesalongtime,______?
’’’’tthey
scoffeewithbreakfast,______?
八年级英语同步详解
’’’’the
sn’tanythingwrongwiththeradio,______?
ere
tbehungry,______?
’’tyou
everriddenahorbefore,___?
’’the
20.—Heldomcamehere,_____?—Yessir.
’’
hingemsallright,_____?
’’’tit
ailedintheexam,_____?’the9.I’ryounorIam
aartist,_____?’’tI
’tbeherfather,_____he?’’t
反意疑问句练习答案
1.C2.A3.C4.B5.D6.B7.A8.D9A10.C
11.C12.B13.A14.C15.C16.D17.A18.D19.B20.D
21.D22.C23.C24A
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