元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音
a
• ①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
• ②在闭音节中
• 1一般读作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
• 2后面字为st,ss,th时读/ɑ:/
e
• ①在开音节中/i:/he,the,me,Chine
• ②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
• ①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite
• ②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
• ①在开音节中/əʊ/tho,clo,go,hoe,home,no
• ②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock
u
• ①在开音节中 1./ju:/student,excu,duty,Tuesday 2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。
• ②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
a
• ①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality
• ②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
i
• 在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high
o
• ①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold
• ②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother
-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ar
• ①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener
• ②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards
or
• ①/ɔ:/forty morning short
• ②/ɜ:/word worker wor
er,ir,ur
• /ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday
注:①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。
-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
are
• /eə/care,dare,hare
ere
• /ɪə/here,mere
ire
• /aɪə/fire,hire,wire
ore
• /ɔ:/more,score,before
ure
• /jʊə/pure,cure
-re
• /ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
注
• ①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。
• ②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。
• ③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。
元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ai,ay
• /eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
• /eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
• ①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
• ②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost
• ③在f,m前/α:/half,calm
au,aw
• /ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw
ea
• ①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,plea
• ②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather
• ③/eɪ/break,great
ear
• ①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year
• ②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear
• ③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early
ee
• /i:/jeep,week,green,three
eer
• /ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer
ei,ey
• ①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they
• ②/i:/ize,key
eu,ew
• ①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel
• ②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper
ie,ei
• /s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive
oa
• /əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar,oor
• /ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor
oi,oy
• /ɔɪ/noi,point,boy,toilet
oo
• /u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
• /ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football
ou,ow
• ①/aʊ/flower,hou,count,down
• ②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though
• ③/ʌ/young,country,enough
• ④/u:/group,soup
our
• ①/ɔ:/ cour,your,four
• ②/aʊə/our,hour,sour
• ③/ɜ:/journey
oul
• /ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)
ui
• ①在j,l,r,s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition
• ②/u:/juice,fruit,suit
元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a
• /ə/China,another,woman,breakfast
• 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音,a读/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a处在开音节位置,
e
• /ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
i
• ①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal
• ②/aɪ/exerci,satellite
o
• ①/ə/cond,tonight,somebody,welcome
• ②/əʊ/also,zero,photo
u
• ①/ə/autumn,difficult
• ②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January
• ③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。
• 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。
非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
ai,ay,ei,ey
• /ɪ/foreign,monkey
ow
• /əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
• 注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:rious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion,-tion
• ①/ʃən/impression,nation
• ②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion
• ③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion
-isle
• /aɪl/aisle, Carlisle
-sten
• /sən/listen
-stle
• /sl/whistle
-sure
• /ʒə/pleasure,measure
-ture
• /tʃə/picture,culture
元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
• 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:/。有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:holy(神圣)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中断)+fast/α:/(斋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗柜)。
b
• ①/b/ bike,bus,bag
• ②/不发/bomb,tomb
c
• ①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema,bicycle
• ②其他情况/k/cake,picture,coat,music
• ③/tʃ/cello、concerto
ch
• ①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher
• ②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)
• ③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)
-ck/cq
[k]cock,pocket,black,knock,checque,
cz
• [tʃ] Czech
d
• /d/doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
• /dʒ/bridge,fridge
dr-
• /dr/children,driver,drink
ds
• /dz/hands(主要用于可数名词复数)
f
• /f/five,four,breakfast
• /v/of
g
• ①/g/bag,garden,go
• ②在e,i,y之前一般读作/dʒ/,少数例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant
• ③e,i,y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/genre,massage
gh
• ①/f/cough,enough
• ②/不发/light,daughter,high
gu-,-gue
• ①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)
• ②/gw/language,anguish
h
• ①/h/hot,head,hou,hand
• ②/不发/hour,honest
j
• ①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June
• ②/ʒ/Jacques(用于法国人名)
• ③/h/Juanita(用于西班牙人名)
k
• /k/kind,bike,skate,make,week
kn-
• /n/knife,know,knock
l
• ①/l/life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)
• ②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)]
m
• /m/monkey,come
-mn
• /m/autumn,column,solemn
n
• ①/n/not,shine,ten,note
• ②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
• /ŋ/morning,young,wrong
p
• /p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
• /f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph
q
• /k/Iraq
qu-
• /kw/quality,quite
r
• /r/red,rubber,ruler
rz
• /ʒ/ Zabrze(扎布热)
s
• ①在词首、清辅音前/s/sit,sleep,desk
• ②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/music,husband
• ③sure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时读作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/:ensure,Asian。/ʒ/:pleasure,conclusion。
sc-
• ①/sk/scarlet
• ②/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,science
sch-
• /ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/
sh
• /ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash
t
• ①/t/ten,letter,meet
• ②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation
tch
• /tʃ/watch
th
• ①/θ/thin,thirty,method
• ②/ð/the,the,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠词、代词、介词、连词中,以及在词尾-the,-ther中
tr-
• /tr/tree,train,country,truck
ts,tz
• /ts/Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可数名词复数)
• quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用于德国人名)
v
• /v/very,voice,love,leave
w
• ①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait
• ②/不发/answer,two,sword
wh-
• ①/w/what,when,white,why
• ②在字母o前/h/who,who,whole
wr-
• /r/write
x
• ①在重读元音后/ks/box,text,exerci
• ②ex+重音元音读/gz/,example,exist,exact
• ③/z/xylophone
y
• /j/yes,yard,yellow,young
z
• ①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo
• ②/ʒ/azure
• ③/ts/pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词)
zh
• /ʒ/ zhoosh
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