英语发音规则,将国际音标应用在英语的一般情况的归纳

更新时间:2022-11-07 03:25:05 阅读: 评论:0

重读音节

开闭音节读音

元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音

a

• ①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake

• ②在闭音节中

• 1一般读作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back

• 2后面字为st,ss,th时读/ɑ:/

e

• ①在开音节中/i:/he,the,me,Chine

• ②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg

i

• ①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite

• ②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim

o

• ①在开音节中/əʊ/tho,clo,go,hoe,home,no

• ②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock

u

• ①在开音节中   1./ju:/student,excu,duty,Tuesday   2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。

• ②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch

特殊读音

元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

a

• ①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality

• ②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father

i

• 在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high

o

• ①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold

• ②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother

r音节

-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ar

• ①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener

• ②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards

or

• ①/ɔ:/forty morning short

• ②/ɜ:/word worker wor

er,ir,ur

• /ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday

注:①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。

re音节

-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

are

• /eə/care,dare,hare

ere

• /ɪə/here,mere

ire

• /aɪə/fire,hire,wire

ore

• /ɔ:/more,score,before

ure

• /jʊə/pure,cure

-re

• /ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre

• ①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。

• ②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。

• ③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。

元音字组

元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ai,ay

• /eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play

air

• /eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair

al

• ①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,

• ②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost

• ③在f,m前/α:/half,calm

au,aw

• /ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw

ea

• ①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,plea

• ②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather

• ③/eɪ/break,great

ear

• ①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year

• ②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear

• ③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early

ee

• /i:/jeep,week,green,three

eer

• /ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer

ei,ey

• ①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they

• ②/i:/ize,key

eu,ew

• ①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel

• ②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper

ie,ei

• /s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive

oa

• /əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal

oar,oor

• /ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor

oi,oy

• /ɔɪ/noi,point,boy,toilet

oo

• /u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo

• /ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football

ou,ow

• ①/aʊ/flower,hou,count,down

• ②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though

• ③/ʌ/young,country,enough

• ④/u:/group,soup

our

• ①/ɔ:/ cour,your,four

• ②/aʊə/our,hour,sour

• ③/ɜ:/journey

oul

• /ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)

ui

• ①在j,l,r,s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition

• ②/u:/juice,fruit,suit

非重读音节

元音字母

元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

a

• /ə/China,another,woman,breakfast

• 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音,a读/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a处在开音节位置,

e

• /ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children

i

• ①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal

• ②/aɪ/exerci,satellite

o

• ①/ə/cond,tonight,somebody,welcome

• ②/əʊ/also,zero,photo

u

• ①/ə/autumn,difficult

• ②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January

• ③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。

• 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。

元音字组

非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

ai,ay,ei,ey

• /ɪ/foreign,monkey

ow

• /əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow

• 注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如:rious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour

-sion,-tion

• ①/ʃən/impression,nation

• ②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion

• ③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion

-isle

• /aɪl/aisle, Carlisle

-sten

• /sən/listen

-stle

• /sl/whistle

-sure

• /ʒə/pleasure,measure

-ture

• /tʃə/picture,culture

复合词

元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

• 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:/。有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:holy(神圣)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中断)+fast/α:/(斋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗柜)。

辅字组读音

b

• ①/b/ bike,bus,bag

• ②/不发/bomb,tomb

c

• ①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema,bicycle

• ②其他情况/k/cake,picture,coat,music

• ③/tʃ/cello、concerto

ch

• ①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher

• ②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)

• ③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)

-ck/cq

[k]cock,pocket,black,knock,checque,

cz

• [tʃ] Czech

d

• /d/doctor,bread,hand,day

-dg(e)

• /dʒ/bridge,fridge

dr-

• /dr/children,driver,drink

ds

• /dz/hands(主要用于可数名词复数)

f

• /f/five,four,breakfast

• /v/of

g

• ①/g/bag,garden,go

• ②在e,i,y之前一般读作/dʒ/,少数例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant

• ③e,i,y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/genre,massage

gh

• ①/f/cough,enough

• ②/不发/light,daughter,high

gu-,-gue

• ①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)

• ②/gw/language,anguish

h

• ①/h/hot,head,hou,hand

• ②/不发/hour,honest

j

• ①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June

• ②/ʒ/Jacques(用于法国人名)

• ③/h/Juanita(用于西班牙人名)

k

• /k/kind,bike,skate,make,week

kn-

• /n/knife,know,knock

l

• ①/l/life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)

• ②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)]

m

• /m/monkey,come

-mn

• /m/autumn,column,solemn

n

• ①/n/not,shine,ten,note

• ②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry

-ng

• /ŋ/morning,young,wrong

p

• /p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen

ph

• /f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph

q

• /k/Iraq

qu-

• /kw/quality,quite

r

• /r/red,rubber,ruler

rz

• /ʒ/ Zabrze(扎布热)

s

• ①在词首、清辅音前/s/sit,sleep,desk

• ②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/music,husband

• ③sure结构或s+i/e+元音字母时读作/ʃ/或/ʒ/。/ʃ/:ensure,Asian。/ʒ/:pleasure,conclusion。

sc-

• ①/sk/scarlet

• ②/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,science

sch-

• /ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/

sh

• /ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash

t

• ①/t/ten,letter,meet

• ②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation

tch

• /tʃ/watch

th

• ①/θ/thin,thirty,method

• ②/ð/the,the,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠词、代词、介词、连词中,以及在词尾-the,-ther中

tr-

• /tr/tree,train,country,truck

ts,tz

• /ts/Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用于可数名词复数)

• quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/(用于德国人名)

v

• /v/very,voice,love,leave

w

• ①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait

• ②/不发/answer,two,sword

wh-

• ①/w/what,when,white,why

• ②在字母o前/h/who,who,whole

wr-

• /r/write

x

• ①在重读元音后/ks/box,text,exerci

• ②ex+重音元音读/gz/,example,exist,exact

• ③/z/xylophone

y

• /j/yes,yard,yellow,young

z

• ①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo

• ②/ʒ/azure

• ③/ts/pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词)

zh

• /ʒ/ zhoosh

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