Unit4Earthquakes
教材分析
本单元的话题是“地震基础知识(basicknowledgeaboutearthquakes)”和“遇到灾难时如何
自救以及帮助别人(howtoprotectonelfandhelpothersindisasters)”。具体涉及地震的成因、
预兆、地震造成的损失、地震时的应急救生以及震后的救援等内容。语言知识和语言技能等
各项语言活动都是围绕这些话题展开的。
为了围绕话题开展听、说、读、写活动,本单元安排了八个部分:“热身(WarmingUp)”“读
前(Pre-reading)”“阅读(Reading)”“理解(Comprehending)”“语言学习(Learningabout
Language)”“语言运用(UsingLanguage)”“小结(SummingUp)”和“学习建议(LearningTip)”。
“热身(WarmingUp)”部分通过两张图片引出话题“一旦大地震发生,将会造成怎样的危
害?”,为本单元的主题作了“热身活动”。
“读前(Pre-reading)”部分设置了两个开放性的问题,要求学生描述、讨论与地震有关的
话题。目的是增加学生的生活常识,提高他们的应变能力。这部分为接下来的阅读作了很好
的铺垫。学生可通过讨论,参阅有关地震的书籍,并运用一些生活常识来回答这两个问题。
“阅读(Reading)”部分是一篇新闻报道,详细介绍了1976年唐山大地震前的预兆、地震
造成的城市建筑和人畜损失以及震后人们勇敢面对现实并及时实施抢救和重建工作的情况。
文中关于地震的词汇较多,教师可在课前布置学生查找新唐山的中英文资料和与地震相关的
词汇;文中还提及了很多孩子失去双亲成为孤儿,矿工在地震中的遭遇,救护人员和解放军
官兵不顾自身安危奋力抢险的事迹,灾难无情人有情,感人至深。教师可将这些作为素材,
设计多种任务,展开课堂教学活动。
“理解(Comprehending)”部分包括五个练习:练习1要求连接句子的正确部分;练习
2要求列出唐山地震中发生的事情和时间;练习3要求写出文章的段落大意,并概括文章大
意;练习4要求学生用自己的话解释文章标题;练习5要求学生就课文某一段落作采访活动。
主要目的是为了帮助学生更好地理解“阅读(Reading)”部分的文章,尤其是练习3更突出了培
养学生整体把握文章的能力。
“语言学习(LearningaboutLanguage)”部分涉及本单元的重点词汇和主要语法项目。词汇
部分设计了4个练习:练习1是从阅读材料中为下面的每一项释义找到正确的单词或短语;
练习2要求学生从阅读文章中找出尽量多的单词来分类描绘地震;练习3是用课文中的一些
单词完成段落;练习4要求完成句子,考查asif的用法。这部分的目的是要求学生在整体
把握文章的基础上,掌握重点词汇的词义及使用,注重培养学生运用上下文猜测词义的能力。
语法项目是定语从句,设计了三个练习:练习1要求找出阅读文章中带定语从句的句子;练
习2要求用that,which,who和who填空完成句子、翻译成汉语并作比较;练习3要求通
过游戏的形式造句并用定语从句扩展这些句子。该部分主要通过阅读和句型练习帮助学生学
习由that,which,who和who引导的定语从句,培养学生自主学习的能力。
“语言运用(UsingLanguage)”部分分“读和说(Readingandspeaking)”、“听力(Listening)”
和“读和写作(Readingandwriting)”三个步骤:“读和说(Readingandspeaking)”训练提供了一
封邀请函,要求学生阅读后写一篇在地震纪念公园落成仪式上的演讲稿,接着观察新唐山纪
念邮票然后以小组的形式讨论地震后城市重建的问题,主要培养学生在实际生活中运用英语
的能力。在随后的“听力”(Listening)部分里,一位美国人以第一人称讲述了他在1906年旧金
山大地震中的可怕经历,要求学生根据听力材料进行正误判断和回答问题,旨在培养学生学
会获取听力材料中的细节要点的能力,并通过听来模仿标准的语音和语调,同时让学生了解
人们在自然灾害中的经历和感受。“读和写(Readingandwriting)”部分要求学生先阅读一篇新
闻故事,然后为报纸写一篇新闻报道,描写家乡的一件不同寻常的事件,旨在培养学生按照
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规范的步骤进行写作,如选择适当的标题、组织语言、清晰地表达等,学会拟定写作提纲。
“小结(SummingUp)”部分帮助学生整理、巩固本单元所学到的知识,其中包括学到的
关于地震的知识、有用的动词、名词、表达方式和新的语法项目。一个单元学完后,鼓励学
生进行一番归纳和总结是非常有用的,这样可以起到事半功倍的效果。
“学习建议(LearningTip)”部分要求学生重视听的技能的训练,并就听英语方面给出了一
些建议,建议学生多听广播或多看电视里的英语节目。多听不仅能够提高听力水平,还能够
帮助学生改善语音、语调,从而提高说的能力。因此,听不仅是吸收信息的重要渠道,也是
学好英语的重要手段之一。教师可鼓励学生常听英文广播或电视节目,以扩大视野和增加英
语的词汇量。
知识目标:
本单元需要学习的重点单词为:shakewell(n.)ricracksmellypondpipe
burstcanalsteamdirtruininjuredestroybrickdamulesssteelshock
quakerescueelectricitydisasterarmyorganizeburycoalmineshelterfresh
percentspeechjudgehonorprepareEurope
本单元需要学习的重点词组为:rightawayatanendlieinruinsbetrappedundersth.
a(great).
thinklittleofsb./sth.
本单元需要学习的重点句型为:
onemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheevents,wenttobedas
usualthatnight.(theAttributiveClau)
edthattheworldwasatanend!(Items/emedthat...)
coveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.(Simile)
yorganizedteamstodigoutthowhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(tho
who...)
sbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhohomeshadbeendestroyed.(theAttributive
Clau)
本单元需要掌握的功能用语为:叙述过去的经历(Talkingaboutpastexperiences)
eedaysthe
water...Atabout3:00amonJuly28,1976,peoplesaw...At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.
本单元需要掌握的语法为:定语从句(I)(由that,which,who,who引导的定语从
句)
Ahugecrackthatwaightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshous,roads
andcanals.
Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400000.
ItwasheardinBeijing,whichisonehundredkilometersaway.
Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhohomeshadbeendestroyed.
能力目标:
1.能运用所学语言知识描述地震前兆、危害及震后援救。
2.根据已知信息推测将要听取的材料的内容。
3.提高阅读技能和用英语进行思维、推理、判断的能力。
4.掌握演讲稿的格式及新闻报道的写作步骤和要点。
情感目标:
1.使学生对灾难有正确的认识,用积极的态度去面对它。
2.学习唐山人民勇敢面对自然灾害,积极进行灾后重建的精神。
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3.在教学活动中培养学生的合作精神和互助精神。
教学重点
studentstoknowbasicknowledgeaboutnaturaldisasters.
studentstolearnaboutTangshanEarthquake.
studentstolearndifferentreadingskills.
教学难点
Developthestudents’readingability.
教学方法
-badteachingandlearning
ativelearning
sion
教具准备
Themultimediaandothernormalteachingtools
三维目标
Knowledgeaims:
studentstolearnthefollowingufulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispassage:
shakewell(n.)ricracksmellypondpipeburstcanalsteamdirtruininjure
destroybrickdamulesssteelshockquakerescueelectricitydisasterarmy
organizeburycoalmineshelterfreshrightawayatanendlieinruinsbetrapped
understh.a(great)numberof
studentstoknowbasicknowledgeaboutnaturaldisasters.
Abilityaims:
pthestudentsreadingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills.
hestudents’abilitytocollectufulinformationfromtheInternetbythemlves.
Emotionalaim:
studentsknowdamagearthquakesbringaboutandthewaystoreducelossof
earthquakes.
studentstoknowhowtoprotectonelfandhelpothersinearthquakes.
studentstobeawareofterribledisasters,meanwhilegetthemtofaceit,treatitina
properway,andnevergetdiscouraged.
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教学过程
Step1Lead-in
Showthestudentssomepicturesaboutnaturaldisastersandaskthem:
ueverexperiencedanynaturaldisaster?nameall
thedisasters?
(Volcano,fire,typhoon,flood,sandstorm,hailstone,thunderstorm,hurricane,earthquake)
ueverexperiencedanearthquake?Canyoudescribehowterribleanearthquake
is?
地震的破坏
(Theearthisshaking;allthebuildingswillfalldown;theroadswillbedestroyed;many
peoplewillbekilledorinjured;alotofchildrenwillbecomeorphans...)
avideoaboutTangshanearthquake
/ent/movie/201103/
→Step2Warmingup
studentstoreadandlookatthephotosofTangshanandSan
Franciscotodescribewhattheyeinthetwophotostoapartner.
(Beautifulcities;broadroads;tallbuilding;largepopulation...)
Imaginetherehasbeenabigearthquakeinthetwocities,whatmighthappentoallthe
thingsinthephotos?
(Ifabigearthquakehappened,uantitiesoftall
oplemightbe
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killedorinjured...)
→Step3Pre-reading
gandsharing
mebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitright
llyoutake?Isitmoney,water,fruits,mobile
phones,atorchlight,oranythingel?Why?
gandsharing
Whatdoyouthinkmayhappenbeforeanearthquake?TalkaboutthepicturesonPage25.
(Cows,noutofthefieldslookingforplaces
lwallswillhave
illbebrightlightinthesky...)
→Step4Reading
Tellthestudents:Today,wearegoingtoreadanewsreportaboutthestrongestearthquakein
China’shistory,whichhappenedinTangshan,Hebei,in1976.
ading
Askthestudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandpayattentiontothefirstntenceofeach
paragraph.
1)Answerthequestions.
Question1:Inwhatorderwasthepassagewritten?
Question2:Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?
(eralideaisthemixtureofthefirstntencesofeach
paragraph,thatis,thetexttellsussomethingthathappenedbeforetheearthquake,duringthe
earthquakeandaftertheearthquake.)
2)Fillinthetable.
Typeofwriting
TopicntenceofParagraph1
TopicntenceofParagraph2
TopicntenceofParagraph3
TopicntenceofParagraph4
Generalideaofthepassage
Suggestedanswers:
Typeofwriting
TopicntenceofParagraph1
TopicntenceofParagraph2
TopicntenceofParagraph3
TopicntenceofParagraph4
Generalideaofthepassage
Thisisanewsreport.
Strangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysidein
northeastHebei.
Everythingbegantoshakeanditemedthattheworld
wasatanend.
Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwas
destroyed.
Allhopewasnotlost.
Thepassagetellsussomethingthathappenedbefore
theearthquake,duringtheearthquakeandafterthe
earthquake.
gcarefully
Askthestudentstoreadthepassagecarefullytolocateparticularinformation.
1)DotheexercisinthepartComprehendingonPage27.
2)Fillinthefollowingform.
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Time
Beforetheearthquake:
threedaysbeforetheearthquake
atabout3amonJuly28
Whiletheearthquake:
At3:42am
Laterthatafternoon
Aftertheearthquake
Whathappened
Wells:
Animals:
Lightsandsound:
Waterpipes:
Hous,roadsandcanals:
Hardhillsofrock:
Thelargecity:
Thepeople:
Somerescueworkersand
doctors:
Morebuildings:
Water,foodandelectricity:
Allhope:
Thearmy:
Workers:
Freshwater:
Result
Peopleofthecity
thought______________
and______________
______________was
destroyed.______________
hospitals,75%of______________
and90%of______________were
an______________
werekilledorinjured.
Thecity______________.
galoud
aythetapeof
Paragraph1ofthepassageoncemore;thistimethestudentslistenandrepeat.
→Step4Game
eyouareanewspaperreporter,andtheotherisawitnessofthe1976
newspaperreporterisinterviewingthewitness.
→Step5Extension
Showthequestionsonthescreenandhaveadiscussion.
opointofviewareeventsdescribed?Howdoyouknow?
themoodofthispassage?Howisitcreated?
outhinkthewriterchoostoexpresshisfeelingsaboutthequakeratherthan
simplyreportwhathadhappened?
sthewriteruANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPasthetitle?
esthentence“Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain”mean?
Suggestedanswers:
r’swhodidn’thethird-persontodescribethequake.
mple,inthecondntenceofthethirdparagraph
“Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.”,thewriterus“they”insteadof
“we”.
eatedbygivingdetailsofhowmanypeopleand
animalswerekilledorinjuredandhowmanybuildingsweredestroyed.
ghthewriterwasnotthere,sthat
givingsomepersonalfeelingswillmakethereadingmoreinteresting.
thereasonisthat,asusual,nightisthetimetosleep,andnightshouldbesafeand
terusANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP
asatitletoshowhowterribleandhowunusualthatnightwas.
canethatthewritercomparedthecitytoapersonwhosufferedalotinthe
herpain,hesaidthatpeoplecametohelpher,
ywillnotdie,shehashopeandshecanrecoverfromthe
pain.
ouldyoudoifyoumeetanearthquake?Lookatavideoaboutit.
/programs/view/km4WVJrJJqM/
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→rk
henewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.
etextagainandagainandwriteasummaryofthetext.
板书设计
Unit4Earthquakes
ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP
Typeofwriting
TopicntenceofParagraph1
Thisisanewsreport.
Strangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysidein
northeastHebei.
TopicntenceofParagraph2Everythingbegantoshakeanditemedthatthe
worldwasatanend.
TopicntenceofParagraph3Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwas
destroyed.
TopicntenceofParagraph4
Generalideaofthepassage
Allhopewasnotlost.
Thepassagetellsussomethingthathappenedbefore
theearthquake,duringtheearthquakeandafterthe
earthquake.
教学反思:通过一节课的讲解,学生们加深了对地震的了解和在地震中的自我保护,但是由
于学生口语的薄弱,在讨论环节需要加强训练。
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