摘要
文化是跨文化交际的根基十荣十耻,中美文化差异主要表现在语言沟通、非语言沟通
等诸方面。在跨文化商务交际中,交际者为达到交际目的电子技术基础,应积极地采取必要对
策。目前中美两国间经贸发展较快,双方商务谈判越来越频繁。美国是世界上最
大的经济实体宁夏高考录取名单,也是我国最大的贸易伙伴147号段。商务谈判在双方经贸往来中扮演着重
要角色清明自驾游。由于两国文化差异对商务谈判的各个方面都有直接的影响,对文化差异
缺乏敏感的人用自己的文化模式为依据来评价另一种文化中人们的行动、观点、
风俗,往往会导致文化冲突新浪微博上不去。中美双方在商务谈判中必须增强文化差异的敏感性,
了解在语言沟通、非语言沟通和谈判风格上的差异,为达成协议打下基础。在语
言交际方面航海王黄金城,文化对语言交际的影响主要体现在不同文化中词的内涵意义和比喻
意义不同;在非语言交际方面居里夫人和镭的故事,对手势、面部表情、目光接触等行为的不同理解
都会影响谈判;在谈判风格方面,从各个案例可见江畔独步寻花黄师塔前,中美谈判者对待人际关系的
态度、决策方式、时间观念和对待冲突的态度都有所不同亲子活动策划书。针对以上差异,从跨
文化交际的角度对中美谈判者提出了利于和谐交际的建设性意见。
关键字:文化差异;商务谈判;语言交际;非语言交际;谈判风格
i
ABSTRACT
tural
differencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesmainlylieinverbalandnonverbal
communication,rculturalbusinesscommunications,peopleshould
ent,the
businessconductedbetweenthetwocountriesgrowsrapidlyandbusiness
tedStatesisthelargest
economicentity,ss
ethecultural
differenceshavedirectinfluenceoneveryaspectsofthenegotiation心理学排名,toevaluatethe
action一年级下册班主任工作计划,ideas激励短信,andcustomofpeoplefromanotherculturewithone’sownassumption
eChineandtheAmericansshouldenhancethe
awarenessofculturaldifferences中国红十字基金,trytounderstandthedifferencesinverbal,
nonverbalcommunicationandnegotiatingstyles什么是不及物动词,andmakepreparationforsuccessful
sofverbalcommunication钢院附中,thecultureimpactonnegotiation
mainlyliesinthedifferenceofwords’connotationandfigurativemeaningindifferent
onverbalcommunication蔡康永的微博,thedifferentunderstandingsofsuch
behaviors:gesture,facialexpressionandeyecontactcanalsoinfluencetheresultof
spectofnegotiationstyles,wecanethatChineandAmerican
negotiatorshavedifferentattitudestowardinterpersonalrelationship,different
decision-makingpatterns,differenttimeconceptsanddifferentattitudestoward
eringtheabovedifferences,weputforwardsomeproposal
fromtheperspectiveofcross-culturalcommunicationforthenegotiatorsfromboth
ChinaandtheUnitedStates.
Keywords:culturaldifferences;businessnegotiation;verbalcommunication;
nonverbalcommunication;negotiationstyles
ii
Contents
Introduction英雄联盟控.方媛照片..七年级数学练习题.韩国连续剧排行榜.禁闭岛 影评.小满古诗.g20宣传片..归去来大结局..电台情歌歌词.传奇名字..黄鳝啫啫煲...母亲节送花.芋头粥的做法.成熟网名.上海二本大学有哪些学校.八年级物理试卷..come to.江苏2020高考分数线..中秋节图片小学生画...周公解梦钱.餐饮服务员管理制度..名风名俗....如何治疗痔疮.中国女排赵蕊蕊...9 3放假安排.海底两万里梗概.激励学习的名言.英语听力材料..毕业生自我推荐.历史的尘埃.慢三步舞教学.冬天汽车保养...忆江南三首诗..还有几天高考..副乳腺.放下就是幸福.1000元投资..错误!未定义书签。
ssNegotiation..教育实践活动总结报告..错误!未定义书签。
1声明的意思.1NegotiationandCulture早泄食补..亚运会纪念币.....经济法试题..公司晚会主持词.圆的认识ppt.非法网址举报.我最爱听的一句话..元旦祝福语简短十字.乱码.........汪曾祺散文...向日葵几点开花..信鸽子养殖.幼儿园重阳节祝福语.放飞中国梦..火车站安检.我和侄女...青少年叛逆..错误!未定义书签。
ssNegotiations.向英雄致敬手抄报简单.乐观的作文.坦然的反义词.匈奴王后....南京自助餐...长江诗句....排列 组合.冬夜读书示子.夫妻二胎超生罚款.连锁店铺设计.什么酒最贵.焦裕禄精神.2
1.2全品作业本答案.1Frequency英国本特利.运动会投稿..描写人物的作文...工程验收报告.更多音字组词.2022年考研考试时间.愚人节快乐图片..撸管吧..汉字的演变.体操比赛视频.炒鸡蛋作文...高考报志愿指南.cs2...通魔作坊....非主流火星网名.美食诱惑..具体而微.二十四史不包括..中元节是什么节日由来.银行外汇保证金.黑袍是谁.网络不稳定..梦想的终点..外墙保温施工方案.搞笑的个性签名.电脑中病毒.fat cats...小孩营养食谱.所得税申报..蓝色长裙.周年华诞....格林童装..彩字.结束与开始......2021黑龙江预估高考分数线.陕西户县.刘和刚父亲歌词.中秋节祝词......two dozen.人教版一年级数学下册期末试卷....开学随笔.服装营销策略....公务员请调报告..中秋节 图片.首页不显示页码.....如果还有明天歌词.....慢慢地造句.月满西楼歌词...铺面转让合同.2015年高考作文....汗马之劳.dnf男枪炮师刷图加点.中国高端兽药网..郑成功简介.2
1.2.2Complexity.医药管理.....三鲜饺子馅的做法.心理测试大全....风险投资如何投资..........为了一个承诺作文..朱德庸..中医健康养生.点亮智慧人生 杨坤..游戏美术设计...寒秋.饮食健康知识.变化最大的动物是什么生肖.安徽二本大学.肝胆湿热吃什么药.甜美的英文歌.星座测试爱情....郁郁葱葱的意思...我想学唱歌.17968.教师入编考试.ck情侣香水.2015春晚....有关中秋节的日记..报告书...办公室主任述职报告..七年级上册语文电子书...清明放假时间.阎罗传奇....志愿者实践报告......错误!未定义书签。
ssNegotiations错
误!未定义书签新教师职业道德规范。
2.1WordswithDifferentConnotations..祝自己生日快乐 简短.市场问卷调查表.影响价格的因素.神探夏洛克 第四季 下载..guyu.夕阳箫鼓.32位升级64位..成龙儿子为什么叫房祖名.中望cad2010.年度总结ppt模板.....肺疾病.魔弦传说 电影.错误!未定义书签。
2金钱的魔力教学反思.2WordswithDifferentFigurativeMeanings....中秋手抄报资料..发光树.错误!未定义书签害群之马意思。
ss
Negotiations村居古诗朗读.定岗定编...小虾米的做法.....护士年终工作总结....dota 视频..辞职报告模板下载..火车票攻略.中秋节的英文.....便携笔记本..四年级下册数学教学计划.鼠年新年祝福语.....教师节朗诵.母亲节资料.........园丁的意思...幸福鞋垫.竹意..万圣节化妆舞会...诚实的格言.女性保健茶..钱放余额宝安全吗...塞翁失马.赛尔号3战神联盟.无聊的近义词.打篮球能减肥吗.运动会加油稿200字.工作鉴定范文.反射弧.简介自我介绍.餐会.星星变奏曲教学反思.国家公祭日的意义..lydia 泰国.收到男友红包幽默感谢.广东美术联考....夏令营图片.党课材料.蛇人.耳麦设置...7
3风衣里面穿什么.1Gesture.沦落人评价.长不大的孩子...金马奖视频.细微的反义词.....白族的传统节日.同学聚会通知.正确的价值观..甘之如饴的意思..拼音字母..快乐的三人世界作文..皇庭玺园.朝鲜 美国.览胜.快乐的六一儿童节作文300字...怎样学习好..交行信用卡提现....新疆黄玉.广告安装..最炫民族风串词.中秋节画报.六一儿童节的资料..gudong.qq名字女生昵称....西南交通大学分数线..爱的告白..人际交往基本常识..果冻的用处.清明节的手抄报内容怎么写...2018父亲节..琥珀拾芥.阅兵观后感1000字.黑寡妇蜘蛛机械键盘.七一座谈会发言.我是特总兵....初中同学聚会感言......我是歌手第六季..电视剧排行榜2013前十名..老年人春季养生...林峰资料.甲减.台风麦德姆...怀念父亲图片...核舟记课件.预防老年痴呆.水晶百事..中秋节的来历作文..吴楚东南坼 乾坤日夜浮.有哲理的爱情句子.筷子兄弟父亲歌词.信息技术的应用.2022年1月1号高速免费吗.7
3公务员试题.2FacialExpressionwindows xp正版验证..六一儿童节的美术图画..提心吊胆的反义词是什么..悲沧..读书笔记100字..忘记谢谢你.集美大学海外学院..禁穆令.....全国211学校名单一览表....国债市场.jquery表单验证...两台电脑怎么传文件..碧生源减肥茶成分..告别2018迎接2019.快乐大作文.清华大学110周年校庆.最优美的文章....白羊座和什么座最配..礁石.下雨的心情.哪些减肥药好...梦见别人的血..大花蕙兰.关于真善美的作文.乘客..错误!未定义书签。
3中国早餐食谱大全.3EyeContact.小牛顿科学馆..抗生素药品.去除鱼尾纹多少钱.爱国的诗词.斗罗大陆之龙王传说.彩虹哥..田园风光作文300字.尊师重教的手抄报..qq游戏名字.英文导游词.中秋节祝福短语.学习十八大三中全会心得体会..团代会邀请函.锡林郭勒大草原课文.爆笑谷聊天记录.苹果手机丢了怎么找.北川重生.炒饭怎么做好吃.回族风俗...祝愿逝者在天堂的语句...玉楼春 欧阳修...死灵刷图加点..青岛格兰德学校..下雨的夜晚..乳酪蛋糕的做法...吸笑气.2011江苏高考历史.国庆七绝诗...安徽省中考时间.端午节活动..默歌词...春天的诗句..山西省地税网上申报系统.邀请函尺寸.....错误!未定义书签。
3别墅外观效果图.4GreetingBehavior..企业运营管理培训........邓超羽泉....光辉的历程.台式电脑配置推荐...自制酸梅汤..屠格涅夫.中班安全教案....小学生广播体操 七彩阳光..同等学力研究生.安全教育案例..高考倒计时一百天..早上.雷锋小故事...维克拉玛蒂亚.送老师贺卡祝福语.花语图片..素锦图..高考300分咋办...微微一笑很倾城电影.和你在一起 电影.校园安全教育.版画村.错误!未定义书签。
ssNegotiations.错
误!未定义书签蜜桃色图片。
4一天一夜.1AttitudestowardInterpersonalRelationship..the weather man.......秋季穿衣搭配..毒战影评.奥运女足赛程..生命奇迹...做父亲..远志的功效与作用及食用方法..六一儿童节活动总结.宝宝咳嗽吃什么好的快.富春山居图影评.冬天英语....音乐推广..的 地 得的用法.2020河南省高考分数线.12
4电影美好时光.2DecisionMakingPatterns光阴似箭日月如梭.....喊麦歌词.钢筋水泥思念....唱给妈妈的歌.建设项目可行性研究报告......适合玩游戏的笔记本.爱情女神英文版..歌手第五期排名....雨天的图片..挂念歌词.刘小光出轨.世界最小的海是什么海...环保资料.四喜丸子的家常做法.欣灶.qq申请账号..错误!未定义书签翔艺。
4.3DifferentTimeConcepts卫生巾怎么用...湖北省2021年高考一分一段表...持之以恒的名言.冷眼看人生...关于三八妇女节的图片.搞笑的婚礼主持词.三国成语故事.大文学网.披甲龙龟天赋.马油的功效.缘份测试.半斤八两的意思.踌躇满志是什么意思.幻想飞起来..杂技表演团...可口可乐福娃图片..公司年度总结.万泉河漂流...作文我的发现.好主意的英文..顾客服务管理...药店工作总结..qq截图.教师节绘画作品一等奖.女孩长胡子.八年级语文试卷.养猪补贴.暑假作息时间表.咏梅..遗落的种子阅读答案.抗疫图片..八路军129师.图片区小说区另类春色首页.门萨中国.整人短信.在外工作和妈妈住一起做了错事.经典设计.整改通知单.残疾人日..游园不值古诗.蚁后资源.奥运会历届奖牌榜..感受自然.新娘盘发教程.实习生工作评价.手机祝福短信.14
4.4AttitudestowardConfrontations..寻找最美孝心少年颁奖典礼观后感....陈丽华年轻时照片.水浒传的简介.护士考试答案..东京奥运开幕式直播.英雄曹操..甲烷燃烧.写事作文600字......免费设计签名..著名的拼音..错误!未定义书签三星手提电脑。
iii
ssNegotiation.企业财务分析..爱情语录 感悟人生..张爱玲 小团圆.拼音教学.渔翁柳宗元.admit..母亲节的来历和意义..喂.个人创业经历怎么写.宜宾学院分数线.关于童年的作文...顺丰王卫...我敬佩的一个人作文300字.夜空下..18
Conclusion中医治疗鸡皮肤.win8手机.新东方四级...投资组合.闺蜜歌词.傲慢与偏见电影台词.什么是欧巴桑......代办委托书怎么写..签名档怎么设置.镇江二日游.华南虎牛汉.公共部门人力资源管理......农民伯伯乡下妹电影.雏形...清明节手抄报内容怎么写.年度考核自我鉴定.形位公差标注.明帝说日.刘邦笑 刘备哭..肖申克的救赎 影评.......邓紫棋龙卷风.吉林建筑工程学院是几本.描写初雪的唯美句子简短...观刈麦...理想人生2.爸爸妈妈为什么夜里摇床还叫...祖先的摇篮..红娘是哪部作品的人物..小学心理学试题.公司团建..宋仲基宋慧乔婚礼.错误!未定义书签防暑降温方案。
Bibliography上海健步楼梯...英语练习题.达因瑞康...吴磊艺考..武汉纺织大学怎么样..社会体育....广州小车摇号申请官网.儿童节的英文.历届欧洲杯冠军球队.邓绥.皇者风范...痤疮的最好治疗方法.爱就跟我走.幼儿园简历..张碧晨的老公叫什么名字.广州车展地址.经典女生网名..孙中山的故事...名言警句 爱情...七座商务车...反p2p软件.trick or treat...谢兰燕桂.绿山墙的安妮.玄武湖门票..广场交谊舞探戈....色动.庄子 秋水..少年派影评....对流层.错误!未定义书签。
iv
Introduction
ChinaandtheUnitedStatesaretwotypicalcountriesinAsiaandWesternWorld海南大学分数线.
of
greatsignificancetoinvestigatetheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineand
conductingbusinessnegotiation英语作文模板,fully
identifyingtheinfluencethatculturaldifferenceswillbringtothenegotiationprocess
cangreatlyhelpnegotiatorliminateunexpectedmisunderstandingsandachievea
ssnegotiation搞笑头像,inadditiontothebasic
negotiationskills,itisimportanttounderstandtheculturaldifferences,andtomodify
thenegotiationstyleaccordingly.
Successininternationalnegotiationliesinsuccessfulexchangeofbothverbal
andnonverbalmessagesthatcanbecomeincreasinglycomplexasbothintendedand
ssnegotiations,wefrequentlyfindthat
thedifferencesinlanguage,food北京 冬奥会,dress,attitudestowardtime,workhabits,social
behavior,andalltheaspectscancaumanyofthebusinesscontactstobe
r,theissuesaccountforonlysomeofthe
sunderstandingsgo
dtounderstandsignificantculturaldifferences
betweenChineandAmericannegotiatorsisthemajorthemeofthispaper.
ThispapertriestoanalyzetheinfluenceofculturedifferencesonSino-U.S初中英语教学论文.
businessnegotiationthroughcomparingtheculturedifferencesinverbal
communication,ains5
r1introducestheconceptsandtheoriesaboutcultureandnegotiation,
r2focus
onverbalcommunicationwhichcontainstwoparts:wordswithdifferentconnotations
r3analyzesthenonverbal
communication,withdifferentunderstandingsofsuchbehaviors:gesture我的姐姐真实事件最后结局是什么,facial
provideatheoreticalframeworkforafurtherstudyontheimpactofcultural
differencesonnegotiationstylesadoptedbyAmericanandChinenegotiators深化国有企业改革.
ations2019立秋.
Inchapter5初学者如何投资基金,badontheprimaryanalysis,weputforwardsomeproposalfromthe
perspectiveofcross-culturalcommunicationforthenegotiatorsfrombothChinaand
,theconclusionsaredrawn.
v
ssNegotiation
1.1NegotiationandCulture
Negotiationisaprocessinwhichtwoormoreentitiesdiscusscommonand
conflictinginterestsinordertoreachanagreementofmutualbenefit大学生掏粪工.(刘园怒海潜将,2004:5)In
internationalbusinessnegotiations爱与诚歌词,thedifferencesinthenegotiationprocessfrom
culturetoculture清明节假期安排.
Cultureisimportanttobeunderstoodforcommunicationinbusiness
ghthedefinitionofculturehavolvedfromthe1900stothe
2000s什么护手霜好,o(1990)
illustratestheconceptofcultureinageneralizedwayinhisbookTheCultural
DimensionofInternationalBusiness,“Cultureiverythingthatpeoplehave,think,
anddoasmembersoftheirsociety不可能的挑战.”(Ferraro电视上有趣的广告语,1990:152)
ication
process国家质监局官网,bothverbalandnonverbal,arecriticaltoachievingnegotiationgoalsandto
resolvingconflicts史树青.
Asoneofthemostimportantandsophisticatedhumanactivities不如跳舞歌词,communication
mmunicatewithpeoplefromotherculture,we
expressdifferentvalues英语练习册答案,attitudes令我感动的一件事,andbeliefs聪明的猴子,andholdtheassumptionsofthe
cultureswithinwhichwehavebeensocializedandwhicharereflectedinourlikeor
icationisalsoaprocessthatcreatesconflictsandthroughwhich
randPortersummarizeit,“aswegrowupinaculture乳癌的早期症状,
thatcultureconditionsustobelievewhatitdeemstobeworthyortrue党章学习思想汇报.”(Samovar&
Porter取缔,1994:36)Effectivecommunicationrequiresunderstandingthebasicvalues备课,
motives祥利脚部按摩器,aspirations,omedramatic
differencesacrossculturesinapproachestosuchareasastime歌手莫熙儿,space,andprivacy,the
opportunitiesformiscommunicationwhileweareininterculturalsituationsare
eofthefactorsresultingfromadiversityofculturalandindividual
differences托福听力评分标准,
processbecomevenmorecomplicatedwhenittakesplaceinamultiplecultural,
ratherthanasingleculturalenvironment当代革命核心价值观.
Culturaldifferencesmaycaunon-effectivecommunicationorcommunication
aveshownthat,duringtheprocessofbusinessnegotiationsbetween
thetwosides白鸽蛋,essofthedifferences
couldhelpachievesuccessinbusinessnegotiations.
ssNegotiations
1.2西洲曲.1Frequency
Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,increadbusinessactivities
hina’ntry
vi
intotheWTO,moreandmorecompaniesandprojectshavebeenflourishinginChina,
andotherwi品牌宣传策划,China’nterprishavebeenrushingtojointheAmericanmarket考试紧张怎么办.
Theincreadbusinessgivesritomorecommunicationacrossthetwocountries洪秀全评价,
especiallyinthefieldofbusinessnegotiation.
BetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates怀菊花,aconnsushasbeenreachedthatthe
UnitedStatesisChina’slargestorcondlargesttradepartnerintheworld装饰公司活动策划,
constitutingChina’slargestexportmarket,withanannualvolumeofexportsvalued
atabout$100billion;ontheotherhand,ChinaisoneofAmerica’sprimarytrading
partnersaswell,
UnitedStateisalsooneofthechiefsourcesforChina’
1999,theAmericanshaveinvestedover$the
businessagreementsbetweenthetwocountriesareachievedthroughnegotiations惊喜英语怎么读.
However,formanyyears,therehavealwaysbeentradedisputesbetweenChinaand
allysincethe1990s,thefrequencyandscalesofthe
eshaverapidlyincread,veralofwhichalmostbroughtthetwo
ly捣蛋鬼日记,thetradedisputesincludeissues
surroundingtheexchangerateoftheChinecurrency,therestrictionsimpodon
闫汾新,and
puteon
nethatnegotiation
conductedbetweenthetwocountrieshavebecomemoreandmorefrequently.
1写规范字的好处.2温州女公务员日记.2Complexity
Negotiatinginter-culturallyismoredifficultthansingle-culturally,dueto
,tosomeextent,more
knowledgeininterculturalcommunicationcanadduptothechancesofsuccessin
mesthewaytosuccessfulinterculturalcommunicationis
heardofmanyexcitingstoriesoffriendship
developedinter-culturallyandalargenumberoftalesofagreementssignedabroad
tion什么是褒义词,manyofusknowpeoplewhoemtohaveatalentfor
handlingwiththofromothercultures;theywouldnotoffendmembersoftheother
rtimes幼儿园教育教学论文,theroadisfullofobstacles.
Ininterculturalcommunication非主流语言,evensimplethingssuchassaying“yes”or“no”
areveryimportant,forindifferentculturesa“yes”maymeandifferentthings套路大全,and
therearedifferentwaysofsaying“no”普通话手抄报文字内容.Followingisanexample:
OncesomemembersofadelegationnttoChinabyalargeAmerican
corporationcomplainedthattheChinehadaskedthemthreetimesifthey
vii
wouldbewillingtomodifysomeproposal新学期手抄报内容,andeachtimetheAmericanshad
said“no”ricanswereangrybecauthe
eAmericanshadstudied
uponculturaldifferencesbeforecomingtoChina二十年后 欧亨利,itwouldhavesavedthema
lotofperplexityandfrustrationintheirnegotiations.(许力生姜茶的做法,2004:168)
Somehow,misunderstandingsoccur,peoplegivethewrongimpression如何瘦腿最有效,and
anger,frustration,andasaresult,actdifferentlyandinterprettheiractsinrather
aceofboththeirgoodandtheirbadexperiences,businessand
professionalpeoplenecessarilyhavedevelopedcertainskillsininter-groupand
inginterculturalknowledgeinbusiness
ore雪花飘飘,successful
businessnegotiationispartiallybadontheinterculturalcommunication父女婬乐.
ssNegotiations
cial
geisinfluencedandshapedby
geisthevehicleofcultureaswellasameansof
communication母卡特.
Weallagreethatlanguagehelpsincommunicatingwithpeoplefromdifferent
r褪黑素软胶囊,wemaybelessawarethatculturalliteracyisnecessaryin
lectlanguagewithoutbeing
awareoftheculturalimplications,wemayatbestnotcommunicatewellandatwor
ndthewrongmessage紫萁贯众.
TheChinecultureandEnglish-relatedculturementionedinthispaperarethus
culturesarediver,lynatural
thenwithdifferenceinculturesanddifferencein1anguagedifficultiesoftenariin
tandingisnotalways
easy深圳社会保障卡.
Therefore,toknowtheverbaldifferencesbetweenChineandAmerican
ssnegotiations地震发生时怎样保护自己.
Theexamplesillustratethatonemustbecarefulinassumingthatbilingualdictionary
rtounderstandtherealmeaningconveyedbythewords,wemust
calluponourknowledgeabouttheworld乘法的初步认识教学设计,whichdoesnotmerelyresideinthe
ntencesorinanyofthewordsofthentences.
viii
2.1WordswithDifferentConnotations
Whenpeoplewanttocommunicatewithlanguage,theymustchoproperwords
dhas
yunderstandalanguage,itis
esntialtoknownotonlythedenotationofwords清明节的由来100字,butalsotheconnotations你的知识需要管理.
Wordsortermsinbothlanguagesmayappeartorefertothesameobjector
conceptonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthingsorhavedifferent
connotations.
Webster’sNewCollegiateDictionarydefinesthewordconnotationas:“the
suggestingofameaningbyawordapartfromthethingitexplicitlynamesor
describes.”
Seriousblundershavebeencommittedbecauofignoranceofaconnotation:
sometimesmisinterpretinganinnocentorwell-meaningremark春节的节日风俗有哪些,causingharmor
ill-feeling.
aremeetingforthefirsttime初一作文大全500字,andtheyaregoingtodiscussopportunitiesfor
bitofconversationtheyintroduce
themlvestoeachother中国女排夺冠历史.
R:I’mAndrewRichard,anambitiousyoungmanjustgraduatingfromuniversity.
mybusinesscard.
C:I’mycard.
R:Ithinkwe’llbedoingalotofbusinesstogether.
C:(Smiling)Yes时光恋人,Ihopeso.
Whenthetwomenparate,theyleaveeachotherwithverydifferent
veestablishedrelationship
’ssmileemedtoindicatethathewillbepleadand
rast,elsitwillbedifficulttoworkwith
dbecautheword“ambitious”havedifferentconnotationsinthetwo
cultures老照片的故事作文.
“Ambitious”isgenerallyconsideredpejorativeinChinebutpositiveorneutral
ealwaysput“ambitious”and“greedy”or“ambitious”and
“ruthless”together.(邓炎昌上口,刘润清,1989:85)oughtitisdifficulttowork
togetherwithRichard画杨桃ppt.
Belowaremoreexamplesofsomecommontermswithsurfacesimilaritybut
ix
actuallydifferences:intellectualso型血与a型血,peasants,idealistsandmaterialists,sly,
thewordsshouldbeudwithcareaccordingtotherealcontextandthepeople
beingreferred生态农业公司取名.
2藏地密码9.2WordswithDifferentFigurativeMeanings
Somewordsortermsmayhavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaningin
differentcodesystem,butothersmayhaveadditionalimplicationsandthusdiffer
considerablyfromeachother.
Metaphorisafigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrathatordinarily
designatesonethingisudtodesignateanother郑板桥咏竹诗,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison,
asin“arooflove”.Weareusuallylackofthecapacitytoexpressourlvesinthe
sonpartially
acityto
metaphorizeisanintegralpartofhumancommunication储蓄人生阅读答案.
ssnegotiation,amemberofChinegroupsaid“to
wavearedflag”meanstheyhadachievedagoodresultanditwasasuccessful
remarkoffendsthemembersintheAmericangroup公司设立登记申请书.
InChine夏天钓鱼技巧,“towavearedflag”usuallyindicatesthesignoftriumph,butin
English,itrefersto“doingsomethingthatcouldcauquickangerinotherpeople”,
e.g.:Themerementionofhisrivalinlove'snamewaslikewavingaredflaginfront
ofhim.
Itemsthatthereisnevercompleteagreementamongspeakersfromdifferent
mple,
the
implicationoftheword
rmore,“red”oftensymbolizes
somethingrevolutionary,progressive,orauspiciousinChineculture;while
sometimesangry,violentinwestern.
nglish成人高考英语作文万能模板,itoften
ereasonthatawesterner
whohaslittleacquaintancewiththeChineculturefeelsurprisingatthehearingthe
Chineoftencallthemlvesas“thedragon’soffspring”.Thus,thefourrapidly
developingeconomicentitiesinAsia(Singapore物理滑轮组,Korean上岗证考试,HongKong鼻组词语,andTaiwan)
arecalled“thefourAsiantigers”insteadof“thefourAsiandragons”.Whereas,tiger
rast,itisthesymbol
adcreatedanimpressiveimageoftiger.
x
ss
Negotiations
Nonverbalbehaviormaybedefinedasanybehavior,intentionalorunintentional,
beyondthewordsthemlvesthatcanbeinterpretedbyareceiverashavingmeaning三个言.
Nonverbalbehaviorscouldincludefacialexpressions,eyecontact,gestures灵蹄狗,body
movements,posture大叔大妈帅小伙豆瓣,physicalappearance生活百科小常识,spaceiphone4s软件,touch,eall
differentfromculturetoculture快乐阿拉蕾邵雨涵.(程同春,2005:35)Eventhesmallestandmostinnocent
misunderstandingscanbehardertoclearupbecaupeoplemaynotawareof
balbehavioritheraccompanyverbalmessagesorareud
independentlyofverbalmessages.
Unlikeverbalcommunicationsystems,therearenodictionariesorformaltsof
rulestoprovideasystematiclistofthemeaningsofthemeaningsofaculture’s
ally
attemptcontroloverthewordswesay珍宝蟹,andhavetoapologize,butusuallysome
r交友卡,withnonverbalbehavior家长怎样与孩子沟通,wemayleakourtrue
feelinginother奥拉夫天赋,moresubtle属兔人出生月的命运,,evenaccomplishedliarscanbe
,becauweassume
thatnonverbalbehaviorisspontaneousandnoteasilymanipulated,wetendtobelieve
it,evenifitcontradictstheverbal定诸侯.
Themisreadingofsomenonverbalcuescanleadtothemisinterpretationofthe
otherside’srealintentions,whichinturncanresultinriousbreakdownin
aterknowledgewehaveof
thenonverbalcues翡翠森林,thegreaterthechancesofsuccessfulcommunicationandthe
achievementofournegotiationobjectives.
Eyecontact,
,itis
importanttoknownonverbalbehaviorsinothercountriesandactaccordingly.
3共工不周山.1Gesture
Gesturecanbeparticularlytroublesome学法大视野答案,foraslightdifferenceinmakingthe
interpretationofagesturecanarouquiteunexpectedreactions.
Aswithverballanguage,stureshave
aaspeakerorperformerclappingat
xi
thesametimeaudienceapplaudsshowsappreciation,
Americanitisimmodest,ica,pattingonheadistogive
comfort守住心灵的契约,orencouragement,ortoshowaffection山外青山楼外楼 西湖歌舞几时休,butinChina,pattingtheheadofa
efinger
nearlipswiththesound“shhh”蓝色妖姬翻糖蛋糕,whichisthesignforsilenceinAmerica,means
disapproval,hissinginChina哈尔滨留学机构.
san
example:Afewyearsago历史试卷分析,afamousmanufacturingcompanyinChinawasfailurein
theprocessofnegotiation,A
Chinenegotiatorusthemiddlefingertopointoutsomeimportantissueonthe
paperswhichhewantsstressit,butitarouill-feelingofAmericannegotiators雷锋的生平.
InAmericanculturetheerectedmiddlefingeriscommonlytakenasasignof
phallicaggressiveness徐州医学院分数线,typicallyhavingtheaccompanyingcommentsof“Fuckyou”按照的近义词.
Themiddlefingermayhavebeenchonasaphallicsymbolbecauasthelonger
digit,itismostlikelytobeemployedinxualintercour.(黄奕,马琼specify什么意思,
1999:53)PopularasthegestureisintheUnitedStates,itisnotanAmericaninvention安静的歌.
TheRomansudittwothousandyearsago单身贵族英文,callingit“digitalimpudicity”李玖哲 想太多,meaning
“fingerwithoutshame”十部必看的军婚小说.Thegesturehasthesameimplicationofthepalm-backward
“V”avb二级,thisgesturedoesnothavesuchmeaning.
Forcominghere分享伍思凯,Chinegestureisahandextendedtowardtheperson,open
palm小老鼠和泡泡糖,fingerscrookedinabeckoningmotion;theAmericanisahandextendedtoward
person,clodhand直发发型图片,palmup4s壁纸,
Americans金华诸葛八卦村,ine
wouldeAmericancoming-heregestureasoffensive.
Americanscrosstheirfingersinveraldifferentsituations:whentheyare
wishingforgoodluck(orwishingtoavoidbadluck)忘乎所以造句,andwhentheyaresaying
somethinguntrue如何健康快速减肥,ormer
situation,Americanoftensay“Keepyourfingercrosd”alongwiththegestureand
“Itdoesn’fingerscrosd”ituations
havethecommonfeatureofpotentialdanger;thusthegesturervesasprotection
,whythe
crosdfingersshouldreferredtoasa“crypticversion”ofthesignofthecross-the
lyChristiansbelievedthatthecrosdfingersrvedthe
samefunctionasthesignofthecross,andalsothegesturewouldnotattractthe
llythegestureisalsotakenupbynon-Christiansand
xii
ysthecrosdfingerscomeoutintotheopenasa
a晚霞优美简短句子,thisgesturedoesnothaveanyspecialmeaning我们的节日手抄报.
ans
willdrawacrossovertheirbreastwhilemakingapromiwould“al”itinhisheart
sgesturetraditionoriginatesfromthereligioustradition
ofcrossingone’sforeheadorheartthatstillexistsintheRomanandOrthodox
ansbelievethatcrossingtheheart,likecrossingthefingers,
providedprotectionagainstbadluckbyinvokestheSavioronthepoweroftheholy
ametime动物学,itinvokestheSavioronthecrossasawitnessthatthe
speaker’ngsuchapromiwouldputthespeaker’ssoul
insisting,ifyouhearanAmericansays“Crossmyheartandhopetodie王麟的歌曲,”you
willbeconvincedthatheisriousandsayingnolaughingmatters五一节日简短祝福.
Somegesturesshouldbeavoidedandcanonlybeemployedoncondthoughts
becauofitsobsceneimplications.
Tosumup,ifyoudonotuthegesturesproperly西藏高考分数线2020,misunderstandwillcaud
uthefailureofthenegotiation.
3.2FacialExpression
mes软件测试工程师的简历,wemake
r八下英语作业本答案浙教版,wealsoinferwhat
people“really”sclaimedthat55percentof
shaveindicatedthatwecan
pertsagreethatdifferentculture
exhibitthesamebasicfacialrespons.
Smilesandlaughterusuallyconveyfriendliness,approval南京有哪些二本大学,satisfaction鼻头太大了,pleasure,
joy,r霜降节气诗,there
aresituationswhensomeChinewilllaughthatwillcaunegativereactionsby
Westerners.
Toillustrate,let’setheexampleoncross-culturalmisunderstanding:
e
businessmancomesintothemeetingroom六月你好,theAmericannegotiatorslipsandfallson
thegroundquitebyaccidentandfeelsbadlyandChineonlookerslaugh.
Compoundinghisdiscomfortandcausingangerandbadfeeling经典传奇故事,themancome
y,hismanagerexplainssuchlaughter
hasspecialmeaninginChina—toeatheembarrassingsituation.
Suchlaughter迎接领导欢迎词,ofcour发朋友圈中秋节祝福语简短,isnotatthepersonorhismisfortune-whetherhebea
xiii
onveyanumberoffeelings:don’ttakeitsoriously;
laughitoff换挡时机,it’snothing;suchthingscanhappentoanyofus最新热门歌曲,r三分钟自我介绍范文,forpeople
ofthisattitude达尔文小时候的故事,thereactiontosuchlaughterisusuallyquiteunpleasantandoften
generatesillfeelingtowardstholaughingtendaw311r.
3学位证书样本.3EyeContact
Eyecontactisanimportantaspectofbodylanguage.(林海dlink路由器设置,2005:109)Asimpleeye
mple,
Chineavoidlongdirecteyecontacttoshowpoliteness,orrespect6年级上册英语书,orobedience雨打梨花深闭门,
whileNorthAmericanseeyecontactasasignofhonestyandalackofeyecontact
orshiftyeyesasasignofinsincerity.
Thedifferencescanleadtomiscommunicationinthecross-culturalnegotiation私立中学和公立中学的区别.
ASuperiormayfeelsthatthesubordinateisbeingdisrespectfulwhenthesubordinate
isbeingfullyrespectful-accordingtothenormofhisorherculture.
AgirlwhojustgraduatesfromauniversityisnttotheGuangzhouTradeFair幼儿园圣诞节活动.
Onthethirdday领导司机,anAmericancustomercomesandwantstoplayatrialorderwithher
sofhercompanyispleadtohearthatandpromistogivethem
ecustomerkeepsaclowatchonher
andasks:“Isityourrockbottomprice?”Thegirlisnotaccustomedtothiskindofeye
owersherheadandanswers:“I’mafraiditisthelowestpricewecan
offer.”However,aftersaying“goodbye”韩寒作品全集,ldoes
sly十二星座日期查询,thereasonoffailureofthenegotiationisbothofgirland
theAmericancustomerweremisinterpretedthemeaningofeyecontact.
Inconversations,Americancustomdemandyecontactofboththespeakerand
tolookattheotherpersoncouldimplyanumberofthings,such
asfear新奇的近义词,uneasiness考研初试时间确定了,guilt九毒日,indifference,aabove,totheAmerican
customer,thegirlavoidshisdirecteyecontact,hethinksthatthegirlisnotreliable
hinepeople,lower
theireyesareasignofdeference失恋的文章.
Thereareotherexamplesofmisunderstandingofthetwocultures:staringat
peopletoolongisconsideredimpoliteandmakespeopleembarrasdor
reignersmayhavebeenexperiencedsuchstarein
comeextremelylf-consciousandoftenendupquiteindignantabout
the“rudeness”ofthepeople郑州大学录取分数线,notrealizingthatthepracticemaybequitecommonin
anpeopleoftenwink
(quickclosingofoneeye,generallywithasmileandslightnod)showsthathe
xiv
understandwhatyouhavesaidorhisapprovalandencouragementforfurther
discussion.
Ifonedoesn’tknowtheimplicationofsuchbehaviors培根随笔集,hewillgetconfud
duringthenegotiationprocessoreventhefailureofeffectivecommunicationinthe
negotiation.
3武林笑传.4GreetingBehavior
Onceameetinghasbeenarranged,itisimportantthatthegreetingpracticesof
n
andwomenshakehandsonmeetingandleaving.(Samovar&Porter,2004:209)Asmall
kissonthecheekorahugisappropriatebetweenwomenorbetweenmenandwomen
amesgenerallyareudwith
sscardsareexchangedin
reetingbehaviors比较狂的网名,typicaltoNorthAmericans余罪等网剧被下架,are
uncommoninmanycultures许志安个人资料.
icatingagoodimpressiontothe
nehavealowtolerancefor
ambiguity教师年终考核总结,uctbusinesssuccessfully,you
shouldcommunicatethedetailsofameetingagendaaswellasanyotherissuestothe
,uld,
therefore,avoidWesterntouchingbehaviorssuchasaslaponthebackoranarm
isandMoranindicateaslightbowandabriefshakeof
introductionsyoushouldstandandremain
statusandrankarehighly
garrangementsandorderofentranceintothemeetingrooms
uldallowotherstoat
youandwalkaheadofyoutoensurethatyouareatedintherightpositionforthe
ouldbetranslatedinto
standardChineandincludethenameofyourcompany逝者安息,yourpositionplustitles,for
examplePh.D工作日志怎么写.开车怎么起步,MBA,vicepresident,portanttoclearly
indicateyourpositioninthecompanysotheChinecantreatyouaccordingly录取通知书.
Allthegreetingbehaviorsmentionedabove华硕笔记本好么,ifyoufailtodoitaccordingly,it
e
examplefollowing:
AChinebusinessmanmetthebossofanAmericancompanyinthefirsttimeto
ntroducingeachother笔落惊风雨,theyexchangedtheirbusiness
xv
ivingabusinesscardtheChinebusinessmandidn’timmediatelyputit
d,ookingit
over叶海棠,headdresstheAmericanboss“ManagerJackson”withoutthinking,butthe
theChinewaytoaddresspeople鹿柴.
ssNegotiations
Perhapsthemostdifficultaspectofinternationalnegotiationisstylepeopleu
innegotiations.(刘白玉看图猜成语答案大全,2005:47)Negotiationstylesarereflectiveofthenegotiators’
estylesaresignificantlydiver鱼香肉丝的家常做法,confusion,feelingofbeing
pushedaround,’sownassumptionsappear
tobenormalandrealistic伤不起的歌词,becautheyarefamiliarandunquestionedwhen
oplebelievethatothernegotiatorsshouldsharetheir
“commonn”assumptions新学期畅想,soitisnaturalforthemtoassumethatthowhodoor
saytheunexpectedintheinternationalmeetingarenotascommittedtoand
ndifferenceliesinattitude
towardsinterpersonalrelationship广东省内交通违章,timeconceptandattitudetoconfrontations生活小窍门100妙招.
4去年的树教学设计.1AttitudestowardInterpersonalRelationship
DuetotheinfluenceofConfucianismandthereligiousbeliefsintraditional
China,Chinepeoplebelievethatestablishingharmoniousinterpersonalrelationship
istheforemosttaskwhendealingwithbusiness,andthiskindofrelationshipcan
ore,theChinepeopleethegoalof
negotiationastablishingagoodbusinessandpersonalrelationshipforlong-term
llspendalotoftimeonknowingtheother
party.
Onthecontrary妈妈带女儿游百国,Americansenegotiationasataskwithlf-intereststobe
realized理发店装修效果图,vethesigningofa
搞笑骂人顺口溜大全,personal
emotionandfeelingshallbeparatedfrombusiness.
HereisacatoillustratethattheChinepeopletendtobuildtheirtrustona
relationshipinbusiness缓解胃痛的方法,ratherthanoncoldfacts我不怕.
Ca:TheReasonsofSelectingEricssonoverMotorola
AnotherveryimportantreasonwhywefinallychoEricssonwasthatthey
xvi
hadazhongjianren(middleman)一路走来,thatis感恩节是几月几日2019,Ericsson’sChineemployee,a
verygoodfriendofours,and
ributedalottothesuccessofthis
w郑州科技职业学院,weareall
erthenegotiationdeadlocked,heexplained
dcomingtoustoexplainisalwaysbetterthanthesame
infactaquestionoftrust耐打羽毛球.(Thomas,
2003:175)
Inthisca,ceofthesimilar
pr
negotiatorsfromEricssonweremorensitivetotheChineculture一场精彩的比赛,andtheyhad
a英语名字女生,trusttendstobeverypersonal好习惯的故事.
Personalties,orguanxi斗智电影,onscountbecauof
tscanhelpondeterminewhomtoapproachand
hinepeople下降的反义词,confidencecannotbeparated
,goodpersonalrelationships
andfeelingsareimportantinalong-termagreement.
Inthisn,Chineprefertodobusinesswithsomeonefamiliar歌曲相逢是首歌,atleast
someonewhohastablishedagoodrelationshipwiththem态度决定一切演讲稿,evenbetterafriend.
Usinganintermediary公司年终工作总结,oramiddleman晏子治东阿,whohasfriendlyrelationshipwiththe
Chinesideorhascertainrelationswiththegovernmenthelpsalotwhendoing
ca公益传播,negotiationwilloftenproceedmuchmoresmoothly.
ThebasisfortrustinChinecultureistherelationshipratherthanthewrittenwords
orrecords.
Inaddition,emotionandpersonalrelationsaremoreimportantthancoldfactsin
dingtimeinpleasantriesto
assistinthecreationofasuitableclimateforinteraction,mutualconfidenceis
rsonaltrusthasbeenestablished动物为什么要冬眠,thepossibilityofcooperation
cerityoftheothersidealsocanwinthetrustoftheChinepeople.
Onthecontrast砂锅饭,Americanstendtobatheirtrustoncoldbusinessfactsmirror是什么意思,onpast
putation,good
’smore,Americanstend
atorsbringalengthy
nerallyproceed
xvii
todiscussthepropodagreementclaubyclau,andconsulttheirlegaladvir
everytimewhenaquestionaris.
4.2DecisionMakingPatterns
Butquiteoften怀疑英语,highofficialsareinvolvedonlyattheinitialstageandtheend
’sthereasonwhyChinenegotiatorsarereluctantin
givingconcessionsandwhydecision-makingalwaystakesalongertime雨花西餐厅.
AnAmericanbusinessmanoncecomplained:
Wehavenoideawhatpowertomakedecisionsthepeoplewearenegotiating
heyhavetogetadecisionfromabove,thentheproblemis
thattheChinehavenoCzar儿童诗歌朗诵,d
theyhavelayersofcommitteesandournegotiatorscanevengetmixedupand
astitemsasthoughtheyaregettingthe
runaround航天飞机资料,whichmeansthatwejusthavetowaitandpracticepatience孝心.
(Fang推广计划,1999:64)
InChina劳动保障总结,althoughthemajordecisionsaretbythetop,thedecision-making
esofresponsibilityandthelimitsofthenegotiating
ision-makingprocess,hence一年级音乐上册教案,isthecombinationof
connsusand“topman’swords”得意的近义词.Inthisdecision-makingframework,
uenessoftheactual
authorityoftheChinenegotiatorsmakesAmericansverydifficulttoascertain
whichteammemberisthemostimportantorwhohasthefinalauthorityoverthe
negotiation饮食与健康.
Asthedecision-makingpowerliesinanindividualinAmerica,American
negotiatorsareveryflexibleingivingandtaking,andarequicktorespondtochanges.
ButthischaracteristicsometimesismisunderstoodbytheChinepeopleasbeing
insincereinnegotiationbecauitemsthattheyaretooeasytochange600影视.
Itissuggestedthatnegotiators今年流行服装,whennegotiatingcross-culturally,shall
understandthedecision-makingpatternoftheircounterpart’sculture秋天的文章,trytolearnthe
limitationsofthedelegate’sauthority中秋遇国庆双喜临门打一地名,andknowwhoisresponsibleformakingthe
finaldecision脂溢性皮炎用什么药.
4.3DifferentTimeConcepts
Ininternationalbusinessnegotiations,time-relatedmisunderstandingisanold
xviii
ivenritoalotofanecdotesmostof
whichrelatetoappointments,punctuality自然的拼音,andthediverconceptsoftime-related
courtesyacrosscultures.
Theroleofspendingtimeonestablishingpersonalrelationshipsinthe
pre-negotiationstage,especiallyinChina高考500分能上什么大学,isnotedbymanyauthorssuchasHalland
ssnegotiatorswearwatches,uaplanner,andagreethatitiscommon
最好玩的手机网游,beyondthisapparentuniformity,theybehave
inkthattime
permeatesthewholeofbusinessnegotiation,boththestartingphaandtheprocess.
Therefore2021牛年有趣灯谜,takingtimeexplicitlyintoaccountininternationalbusinessnegotiations
makesallthemorenwhenonerealizesthattherearedifferencesinthe
reprentationsoftimeandhowthepatterningoftimeconsistentlydiffersacross
cultures英语教学计划.
Theabove-mentionedexampleshowedthatthetwoAmericanshadexpecteda
ll,theirproductwasfamiliartotheChineanditwas
agoodproduct天衣无缝的反义词.
Americans’conceptoftime武汉 襄樊,stronglyeconomic,partlyexplainswhyspending
sbeen
regardedasaresourcenottobewasted钢铁行业报告,andspendingtimeonnon-businessmatters,
oronnon-taskrelatedissues,isconsideredaviolationoftheirculturalnorms开学季图片.
ButforChinebusinessnegotiators,establishingrelationshipsandgettingto
knoweachothernotonlyneedsarelaxednofeconomictimebutalsoactivities
orientedtowardsthepastlikelearningthebasicinformationaboutthepartner’s
eusuallydonotviewtimeasaconstraintorasatoflimitsin
lievethatpre-negotiationrelation
sothinkthatitisfarbettertoallow
timetogettoknowtheAmericanpartnersandgivethemtimetoknowusthantorush
lowingexampleshowsthathowan
AmericannegotiatorsuccessfullydealswithChineinthepre-negotiationpha.
PaulWinestockisthechiefnegotiatorindevelopingbusinessforthe
,“I
tknowthiswhenIstarteddoingbusinesswith
leavingforChinawewouldtelexanoutlineofall
nwe
xix
arrived,
wouldsitatthetableandgoovertheissuespointbypoint陈嘉庚的资料,thengobackto
meswecouldnotreachaconclusion党参的功效与作用,butwe
meswecould
reachaconclusion火线魔盒有什么用,buttwomonthslater,
contractstookmeaweek,sometookmeayear倦鸟余花.”(Gudykunst祝中秋国庆双节快乐祝福语,1988:54)
InthefollowingbusinessnegotiationswithhisChineparty,Winestockdidnot
godirectlytowardsdiscussiontopicsandinstead,hegaveenoughpatiencetoChine
typicalreceptionandtiedtoestablishlong-termgoodrelationshipwithChine
edaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentofhiscompanyandthe
intentionofestablishingfriendshipwithChinenegotiatorsonthenegotiatingtable.
Theresultwastheagreementhewanted中秋古诗四句诗.
y大学生征兵网,
ChineandAmericannegotiatorsaresynchronicandquentialintermsoftime
ansconsidertimetableofthebusinessnegotiationasanimportant
principlethattwopartiesshouldconformtoandexpectthenegotiationprocesstogo
enegotiators,however有氧运动心率,thinktimeisonlya
methodtoachieveotherkeygoals:collectingenoughinformationaboutAmerican
ult好看的男生头像,
differentconceptsoftimegiveritocommunicationfailuresthatcandamagethe
wholebusinessnegotiation非淋菌性尿道炎.
Secondly,
example,WinestocktriedtounderstandChinecultureandnegotiatedinaChine
heprocessofnegotiatingwithChine中国人民大学校长,heshowedenoughpatiencein
establishingrelationship.
Duringtheprocessofttingtheagendaandschedulingthenegotiationprocess
daisa
e
culture,theverynotionof“agendatting”gtheprocessinto
piecesinadvanceandallocatingtimelotstoeach“task”istheoretical追逐日光.
Anagenda-orientednegotiationteam,basicallyfocusingonquentialuof
time,tendstotrytonegotiateclausquentially安德鲁卡内基,whereastheotherparty,
synchronicallyorganizingtheiractivities,maygofromoneissuetoanother,coming
andHerberger
xx
(1983)calltheformer“onethingatatime”方特游乐园.Americansusuallyattackacomplex
negotiationtaskquentially南开大学校长,thatis,theyparatetheissuesandttlethemoneata
e开学祝福语,however恰同学少年观后感,arenotaccustomedtonegotiatingacontractaccordingtoan
efertosolveproblemsthroughariesof“mutual
consultation”awayfromanegotiationtable.
4.4AttitudestowardConfrontations
ManyChinepeoplehavebeenverysurpridandevenoffendedbyhow
nersemmuchmorereadytogive
strongopinionslike电力环保,“Idon’tagreewithyouridea”四面八方,“Wecan’tmakeanyfurther
concession”六一儿童节祝福语图片.ToChinepeople,iskindof
commentit’neshould
realizethateventhoughthismayberudeinChinaiorgane,butthiskindofconflictisquite
commoninAmerica茉莉花茶的作用.
Weknowthatekingaconflict-freesystemofsocialrelationsistheprincipleof
neavoidanceofconflictandtheneedforharmonyis
aproductoftheConfuciannotionofZhongyong(中庸)
Chinetradition,umstancescompel
himtobeinacontest,nsider
negotiationasasimultaneousdiscussionofissuesthatleadstointegrativesolutions
andadoptaslowbutsteadyapproach美德少年,throughcollaborativemeasures,towintheir
opponents’yisfoundinthemaintenanceofanindividual’sface.(庄恩
平去掉桌面图标阴影,2004:68)ForChinenegotiators歌手洪百慧病逝,theirattitudestoconfrontationfollowa“face
maintenance”model:confrontationisviewedasdamagingtosocialfaceand
relationalharmonyandshouldbeavoidedasmuchaspossible;confrontationshould
bedealtwithdiscreetlyandsubtly;effectivemanagementofconflictcanbeviewedas
awin-winnegotiationgame.
ForAmericannegotiatorsconfrontationsinbusinessnegotiationsfollow
“problem-solving”model:Confrontationisviewedasanexpresdstruggletoair
outmajordifferencesandproblems;confrontationshouldbedealtwithopenlyand
directly;effectivemanagementofconflictcanbeviewedasawin-win
problem-solvinggame秋季如何保养皮肤.
SomeAmericannegotiatorsknowthatChineisface-salientindealingwith
ystillfailtocommunicatewith
ericannegotiatorshavetheexperienceofcommunicationfailures
lowingexampleisoneofthem大扫除.
xxi
andsareoftenhigh痣相,
thenegotiationroom,ithappenedthatDirectorChine
teditasaconfirmation青春向上,a“Yes.”He
wentout
talkingtoallthesubordinatesandlocaloperatorsunderhiscontrolthatAmericans
ards杜牧 九日齐山登高,whenweprentedourplanswhichturned
outnottobetheoneshehaddemanded西安到海南旅游,he“lostface”becauhehadpromid
ore,heputverymuchpressureontheAmericansto
rmore沙宝亮飘,hehadtomakesurethateveryoneknewthatit
wasthefaultofAmericansthatdidnotliveuptotheirpromi…Hehad
izedfacetoinfluencethebusinesssituationbored的用法.
ThixampleshowsthatChineud“saveface”ore王力宏新专辑,
pertsonChinenegotiationadvithat
onesillgainmuchifonehelpsaChinesaveface城市夜色,andonewilllomoreifone
doesnot,mericans三四年级中秋节画简单,中秋 诗,
likemanyotherfrequentlymentionedChineculturaltraits,t
daretoexplodethemythoffaceandhonestlysay“no”inaproperway非税收入管理,whenitis
required,cally社会主义法制理念,onecansay“no”tothe
Chineinaverypoliteandacceptablemanner,forinstance深圳故事,“IamsorrythatIfindit
verydifficulttoacceptyourterms漂流瓶的故事,dueto….”TheAmericannegotiatorsuggestedthat
themostimportantadvicetodealingwithChinenegotiatorsisthreewords:patienceeasterday,
patience王子的新衣英文版,ceisapopularpieceofadvicethatcanbefoundin
almostallthebusinessguidesforAmericannegotiatorsindealingwiththeChine.
ssNegotiation
Ifculturedifferencescanharmarelationship如何加强生态文明建设,theconvershouldbeequallytrue:
cross-culturalharmony上品折扣首体店,badoncarefulattentiontotheotherside’spsychological
needs,eed,yofU.S给自己的信 歌词.
businessmeninvolvedintradenegotiationswithChinashowsthatcross-cultural
ignoranceis“perceivedasaprimaryfactorresponsibleforthefailureof
negotiations老师您辛苦了.”(王雅梅2021东京奥运会时间,谭晓钟,2002:9)Cross-culturalknowledge端午节为什么要吃粽子,however养殖青蛙,wasa
“necessarybutinsufficientconditionforsuccess”andhadto“becombinedwitha
genuinewillingnesstoworktowardacommongoal乐山大佛导游词.”
NowChinaisbecomingthebiggestmarketandmanufacturingbaintheworlde度作文网.
xxii
rto
successfullyreachanagreementthetwopartiesshouldtrytounderstandtheother
party’sculturebecauthestudydoesnotbelievethateitherAmericansorChine
ness
negotiationisareallycomplexprocess,itisneitherpossiblenordesirabletolaydown
pendsontheissue,thecircumstances,the
heless,therearecertainobviouslessonstobedrawn
fromthisstudy.
SomesuggestionsforAmericannegotiatorsareasfollows:
eforanegotiationbystudyingtheopponents’cultureandhistory欧文 篮球,andnot
all,immeryourlfinthehistoricalrelationship
betweenthecompaniesoftheUnitedStatesandChina.
stablishawarm,ible,getto
knowthemevenbeforenegotiationsgetunderway化石图片.
ssumethatwhatyoumeanbyamessageiswhatreprentativesofthe
llinterpretitinthelightoftheircultural
ametoken中秋的祝福语,theymaybeunawarethatthingslookdifferentfrom
yourperspective麦田守望者.
gotiatingwithChine怎么弄qq背景音乐,Americannegotiatorsshouldbealerttoindirect
vetoread
ametime
e
negotiatorsmayreadmoreintothemthanAmericansintend.
eoftheemphasisplacedbytheopponentsonmattersofstatusandface.
oyourtemperandavoidunpleasant
surpris.
youropponentstodecideintheirowngoodtime英雄联盟什么英雄最厉害.
face-consciousnegotiators,anagreementmustbeprentableasaprestigious
therhand2021年国庆阅兵,symbolicgainsmaycompensateChineforsubstantive
loss.
ForChinenegotiators复韵母,thetipsareasfollows:
eforanegotiationbystudyingtheopponents’cultureandhistory污秽的反义词,andnot
all,immeryourlfinthehistoricalrelationship
xxiii
betweenthecompaniesoftheUnitedStatesandChina.
ofthebureaucraticcastofmindthatcancontributetoaterribleslownessin
on-makersshouldappearbythenegotiatingtableandinvolvein
businessnegotiationssothattheopponentsknowwhotheyaretalkingwith网银盾.
ehave
theexperienceofsufferinglostbecautheydonotreallyunderstandthelegal
meaningofthecontract.
erpreterinvolvedinthenegotiationshouldunderstandthebackgroundand
technologicaltermssothatheorshecantransfercorrectmeaningtotheotherside.
theprocessofnegotiation,communicatewithAmericannegotiators
proachisnecessary
fortwopartiestomakeawin-wincontract.
Conclusion
Culturehasbeencalled“thehiddendimension白凉粉制作方法,”unen,yetexertingapervasive
influenceonthebehaviorofindividuals,groupsanticipate,gotiators
attempttoconveymessagesacrosslinguisticandculturalbarriers葡萄牙对法国,meaningsarelost
eculturetakestobelf-evident,anothermayfind
itbizarre.
InthecasstudiedinvolvingtheUnitedStatesandChina,itisenthatcultural
differenceswillstronglyaffecttheconductandtheoutcomeofbusinessnegotiations乐小米的小说.
Inbusinessnegotiations红与黑 电影,s
blundershavebeencommittedbecauofignoranceoftheunderlyingmeaningof
wordorntence抗日名将.
Nonverbaldifferencescanalsoeffectthecommunicationinthebusiness
kindsofmisunderstandingscanbehardertoclearupbecau
thepeoplemaynotawareofnonverbalcues.
Inbusinessnegotiations,thedifferentnegotiatingstylesofChineand
Americannegotiatorsreprenttwoquitedifferentstylesofnegotiation情人节快乐英文,whichwere
otiatingstyleoftheUnitedStatesisassociatedwith
秋冬流行发型,the
ourthpart,wecan
ethedecision-makingpatterns,differentattitudestowardinterpersonalrelationship,
differenttimeconcepts学雷锋倡议书,andattitudestowardconfrontations.
Puttingthetwoparadigmstogetherinthesameroomandinterculturalbusiness
xxiv
annegotiatorstendtobe
surpridbyChinepreoccupationwithhistoryandhierarchy,preferencefor
principleoverdetails,personalizedandrepetitivestyleofargument瞻仰,lackof
enthusiasmforexplicitandformalagreement南柯一梦的反义词,andwillingnesstosacrificesubstance
efrustratedbytheirpartners’reluctancetoputtheircardsonthetable,
intransigentbargaining痛快淋漓,evasiveness关于保护环境的名言,delayandreadinesstowalkawayfromthetable
withoutagreement.
Oppositely玩教具制作,Chinenegotiatorstendtobesurpridbytheirpartners’ignorance
ofhistory日本护肤品哪个牌子好,preoccupationwithindividualrights,andobssionwiththeimmediate
problemwhileneglectingtheoverallrelationship职场丑人,impatienceitunes 同步,andinabilitytoleavea
efrustratedbytheirAmericanpartners’tendencytoe
thingsandprentalternativesinblack-and-whiteterms;appetiteforcrisisandhabit
sly南京旅游团,
communicationfailurescaudbyculturaldifferencesofChineandAmericansare
sstudycanrvetohighlight
themainpointsofculturefrictioninthebusinesscontexts.
xxv
Acknowledgements
IwishtoexpressmysincerethankstoalltheteachersintheEnglishDepartment
ofourcollegewhohavetaughtandhelpedmeduringmyfour-yearstudyinthis
orhersustainedguidancethroughoutthe
processofwritingthisthesis:fromcollectingofmaterials,thelectionofthesubject风云决 歌词,
orher
迢迢牵牛星原文,butnotleast,myfriends
alwayscherishtheirkindness
tthemthecompletionofthisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossible.
xxvi
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xxvii
武汉科技学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告
课题名称论文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响
院系名称
班级
一、本选题的意义
随着中美两国间的贸易飞速发展,双方贸易谈判越来越频繁。目前,美国是世
界上最大的经济实体,是我国最大的贸易伙伴。贸易谈判在双方的经贸往来中扮演
着重要由于两国文化差异对贸易谈判的各个方面都有直接的影响,了解这种差异尤
为重要。中美双方在贸易谈判中必须增强文化差异的敏感性家长对孩子的鼓励和期望寄语,学会与不同谈判背景
的谈判对手打交道股份转让协议,了解在语言交流,非语言交流和谈判风格上的差异,制定出合
适的谈判策略立面图怎么画,为双方达成“双赢”协议打下基础产前检查报销。跨文化谈判比单一的文化环境
下的谈判具有更大的挑战性。跨文化谈判是一种属于不同文化思维形式、感情方式
及行为方式的谈判方式的谈判。谈判过程通常也是复杂的非主流分组,因为谈判过程涉及到了
不同文化规范的没有意识到的力量可能使有效的交流功亏一篑。在谈判过程中,人
与人之间的交流是主要行为,这一主要行为是在词语的、非词语的、情景的、上下
文的层面上发生的,整个交流过程可以帮助谈判者克服语言的界沟而理解国庆节的名言名句。因此在
跨文化谈判中车辆转让协议书,除了基础的谈判技巧外,理解文化差异并确定相应的谈判技巧是重
要的。
二、所属领域的发展状况
目前,对中美商务谈判的研究有很多荨麻疹民间治疗方法。成果颇丰的有美国西北大学凯洛格管理
学院研究生院争端解决研究中心的主任和创始成员——珍妮.M开荒记.布莱特(JeanneM婴儿咳嗽食疗.
Brett),致力于研究、讲学和咨询全球环境中的谈判策略,并获得“小德威特高等数学课件.W出国留学考试有哪些.
巴查南争端解决与组织杰出教授”称号西兰花做法。她的新著《全球谈判:跨文化交易谈判、
争端解决和决策制定》(NegotiatingGlobally:HowtoNegotiateDeals陶渊明金刚怒目,Resolve
Disputes获奖感言怎么写,andMakeDecisionsAcrossCulturalBoundaries)提供了一个清晰
的、通用的分析框架,帮助谈判桌上出现文化差异时管理文化差异推荐一个地方4oo字作文。她在书中着重分
析了利益、权利、权力三对文化范畴对谈判(尤其是争端解决谈判)的影响孟母三迁的启示。
同样,在中国也又很多关于文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响方面的研究居里夫人名言,主要
是以林海为代表七宗罪 电影。2004年他在《经济师》上发表了《跨文化因素对中美商务谈判的
影响》一文。文中他认为文化是言语交际的根基,中美文化差异主要表现在语言沟通、
价值观念等诸方面胶粉。2005年他又在零陵学院学报上发表了《文化差异对中美商务谈
xxviii
专业
学生姓名
英语
判的影响》一文。这篇文章是建立《跨文化因素对中美商务谈判的影响》的基础上
并加以扩展而得来的。在语言和非语言交际方式的差异方面微信昵称2021最新的女,他分别从语言交流差
异、非语言交流方式的差异和谈判风格的差异方面三个部分进行了分析厨房隔断门。最后总结
出很安静歌词,忽视文化差异、缺乏沟通、处理不当都会增加谈判难度关于端午的诗句古诗,甚至无法达成协议,
丧失商业机会。早在1998年,张红霞就对两国的谈判风格进行了研究翠鸟。在她发表的
文章《中美两国商务谈判风格之比较》中,她认为由于中美两国在社会政治经济体
制、价值观念、意识形态及文化传统等方面存在的差异倒垃圾,两国间的商务谈判风格也各
有特色。2002年输掉一辆车,王雅梅和谭晓钟在《中华文化论坛》上发表了《论影响国际商务
谈判的文化因素》恨的英文。文章提出忧虑的近义词是什么,商务谈判不仅仅是谈判各方基于经济利益的交流与
合作,也是各方所具有的不同文化之间的碰撞与沟通。在不同国家、不同民族之间
进行的国际商务谈判更是如此。国际商务谈判受到各自国家、民族的政治、经济、
文化等多种因素的影响泰坦尼克号沉没时间,而其中最难以把握的就是文化因素。近期发表的文章则以
赵湘2006年在《环球经济》上发表的《国际商务中的跨文化交际》为代表。他分别
从商务合同中的文化差异、商务谈判中的文化差异和商务礼仪中的文化差异三个方
面进行了分析。
商务谈判不仅仅是谈判各方基于经济利益的交流与合作,也是各方所具有的不
同文化之间的碰撞与沟通相信自己。在不同国家、不同民族之间进行的国际商务谈判更是如
此体育教师面试。国际商务谈判受到各自国家、民族的政治、经济、文化等多种因素的影响,而
其中最难以把握的就是文化因素。文化上的差异导致了国际商务谈判中的文化碰撞
甚至冲突,相当一部分谈判因此而失败,直接影响了国际商务活动的顺利进行焦晃朗诵。因
此猜灯谜元宵节,正确的理解两国之间的文化差异有助于促进两国之间的贸易往来,针对此方面
的研究也越来越深入。
三、本课题的研究内容
文化是跨文化交际的根基,中美文化差异主要表现在语言沟通、非语言沟通等诸
方面。在跨文化商务交际中,交际者为达到交际目的,应积极地采取必要对策。目前
中美两国间经贸发展较快中医祛痘痘,双方商务谈判越来越频繁。美国是世界上最大的经济实
体宾的组词,也是我国最大的贸易伙伴。商务谈判在双方经贸往来中扮演着重要角色。由于两
国文化差异对商务谈判的各个方面都有直接的影响七夕送男友什么礼物,对文化差异缺乏敏感的人用自
己的文化模式为依据来评价另一种文化中人们的行动、观点、风俗,往往会导致文化
冲突庆祝抗战胜利70周年。通过对中美两国在语言沟通、非语言沟通、谈判风格方面的差异的比较来分
析文化因素对商务谈判的影响,增强对文化差异的敏感性孙坚王霏霏,了解在语言沟通、非语言
沟通和谈判风格上的差异,为达成协议打下基础杭州店面。
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四、本课题的研究方法
本文试图通过中美双方在语言交流、非语言交流和谈判风格差异的比较来分析
其对贸易谈判的影响怎样快速消除眼袋,从跨文化交流角度提出了一些建议参差的近义词,强调在贸易谈判中必须
了解对方的文化梦想清华,增强对文化差异的敏感性严寒的反义词,减少由于文化差异造成的不稳定因素,
才能增强对谈判对方行为的可预测性,制定相应的谈判策略孔乙己酒店,从而在谈判过程中变
得更为主动黑米的功效与作用。
五、研究手段
以文书资料和谈判的实例为依据常州恐龙园,以网络技术为基础的信息技术作为研究手段侵权责任法第七章,
采用观察、统计、总结、对比分析等方法和手段,进行多个轮回的研究。
六、研究步骤
(一)认真阅读相关的理论专著易瑞沙副作用,打好扎实的理论基础熟石灰的化学式。对跨文化交流、中美谈判,
谈判中的文化交流等概念具有深刻的认识柔道觉醒。
(二)通过报刊、杂志及网络搜索收集中美谈判的实例,然后筛选加以整理归类米芾。
(三)统计所收集的例子然后加以对比分析最新入党申请书范文,总结出谈判中双方在语言交流、非语
言交流方面和谈判风格等方面的差异。
(四)参阅文献资料结合相关案例rar mac,从跨文化交流方面提一些建议特警力量插曲。
(五)整理所有的资料,理清思路关于母亲节的简笔画,查找不足之处并及时进行补充水瓶座女,修改删除cookies。
七、参考书目
[1]程同春.非语言交际与身势语[J]大红灯笼高高挂评价.外语学刊,2005(2):35-38提高开机速度.
[2]林海.文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响[J]二十年后回故乡结尾.零陵学院学报,2005夸赞女神美的短句子,26(1):109-111tianjing.
[3]刘白玉.身势语与国际商务谈判[J]jamesblunt.商务营销感恩对我好的人的句子,2005(8):47-48和女孩子聊天技巧.
[4]刘园分手歌.国际商务谈判[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2004餐饮服务员培训资料.
[5]王雅梅,谭晓钟治安管理.论影响国际商务谈判的文化因素[J]易经炒股.中华文化论
坛,2002(3):8-11王绎龙好听的歌.
[6]许力生.跨文化交际英语教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004环境污染的调查报告.
[7]庄恩平dana design.跨文化商务沟通案例教程[M]广州亚运会.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004.
[8]gsandCasinInternationalManagement[M]相框怎么做.London:Sage
Publications,2003人生格言个性签名.
[9]turalDimensionofInternationalCommunication:AReader[M].
CA:WadaworthInc.微单单反,1991.
[10]r钓鱼岛事件评论,icationBetweenCultures[M].Peking:
PekingUniversityPress,2004.
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[11]r,turalDimensionofInternational
Business[M].NewJery:PrenticeHall眼泪的错觉 王露凝,1994.
[12]eBusinessNegotiatingStyle两优一先.[M]珊瑚岛阅读答案.London:SagePublications,
1998小学生舞蹈.
指导教师签名:
年月日
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武汉科技学院
毕业设计(论文)任务书
课题名称:论文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响
完成期限:2005年12月5日至2006年6月10日
院系名称指导教师
专业班级指导教师职称讲师
学生姓名
院系毕业设计(论文)工作领导小组组长签字
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一、课题训练内容
毕业设计(论文)是对学生大学四年中英语实际应用能力、英语专业知识掌
握情况及其实践环节效果的综合检验、是培养学生综合运用基础理论和专业技能
分析解决实际问题的能力和科学精神,提高学生素质的主要实践教学环节。因此市场销售策划,
本课题的训练内容包括:
1二本军校最低录取分数,考查学生对所学知识的熟练掌握、融会贯通及举一反三能力、独立思考问题
能力、理论联系实际能力及创新能力。
2,培养学生严谨、认真的研究态度及通过各种途径进行资料收集、整理和分析
的能力。
3甲状腺肿大的原因,掌握研究方法,在培养独立研究精神的同时学会资源共享奥林匹克日是哪天,重视与他人合作
与交流。
4,熟悉英语论文的写作体例、规范和要求。
5不负众望,提高外文资料阅读与翻译能力社会人员入党申请书。
6中学生励志散文,提高计算机的应用能力飞雁。
二、设计(论文)任务和要求(包括说明书、论文、译文、
计算程序、图纸、作品等数量和质量等具体要求)
外文翻译:2000----3000字;翻译准确传达原文意思有关于冬天的诗,符合汉语表达习惯乌鸦喝水动画片。
文献综述:约3000字;围绕选题进行河水污染,反映所属领域相关研究成果思修试题,阐述
清楚社会实践报告范文。
开题报告:约1500字;清楚阐述各项内容,对选题的研究有清晰的思路北京的国际学校。
论文正题:约8000字;论文结构合理我有一双隐形的翅膀 作文,逻辑层次清楚企业所得税法实施细则,表达通顺最新时尚发型,格式规范有关爱国的古诗。
本选题的研究还要求通过中美双方在语言交流、非语言交流和谈判风格差异的
比较来分析文化差异对两国商务谈判的影响开始期待北京冬奥会了,在此基础上从跨文化交际角度提出
可行性建议男性生理健康。
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三、毕业设计(论文)主要参数及主要参考资料
要求:1.开题报告中的参考文献不少于10本,其中英文文献不少于3-5本李宇春 珍惜。
2.正文中的参考文献不少于15本,其中英文文献不少于5-7本
[1]林海.文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响[J]美丽的白雪公主.零陵学院报,200510万以下轿车,26(1):109-111世界大推力火箭排名.
[2]刘园电影家园.国际商务谈判[M]修女传.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2004六一儿童节手抄报简单又好看.
[3]许力生.跨文化交际英语教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社2021未来可期文案,2004为什么叫何以笙箫默.
[4]turalDimensionofInternationalCommunication:A
Reader[M]戈壁滩.CA:WadaworthInc疑惑不解的意思.小雪节气的谚语,1991腊八蒜的做法.
[5]r,turalDimensionofInternational
Business[M]中考记叙文.NewJery:PrenticeHall上诉,1994.
[6]eBusinessNegotiatingStyle易经基本知识.[M].London:SagePublications,
1998.
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四、毕业设计(论文)进度表
武汉科技学院毕业设计(论文)进度表
序
起止日期
号
105月球上的一天.9王羲之 兰亭序.5-12中秋之夜.16
论文准备汕头市委书记,确定选
题天梯山,完成开题报告
完成文献综述孕妇晚期食谱,文献
翻译
完成初稿
检查人签名
计划完成内容实际完成情况
检查日期
205小孩流鼻血怎么办.12消杀四害.16-06火车票退票新规定.1男人常规检查.20
306.1.20-3婚礼父亲致辞.20
406陈慧瑛简介.3.20-06花灯节.6三国演义人物分析.10
修改,定稿
5
6
7
8
9
注:1舞出我人生观后感.本任务书一式两份北京大学校庆,一份院(系)留存燕窝的营养价值,一份发给学生松叶堪为酒,任务完成后附在
说明书内。
2win10 腾讯.“实际完成情况”和“检查人签名”由教师用笔填写,其余各项均要求打印,
打印字体和字号按照《武汉科技学院毕业设计(论文)规范》执行人生就像茶几。
xxxv
文献综述
如果问文化因素是否在谈判中发挥作用,多数研究人员也许会做出肯定的
回答。文化确实举足轻重。这些人很可能还会承认在国家内部和国家之间,以及
在民族和职业等各种不同的群体之间都存在着文化差异。因此,需要研究的问题
不是文化是否影响谈判火影忍者佐助图片,而是影响的程度覆水难收。
美国西北大学凯洛格管理学院研究生院(gGraduateSchoolof
Management,NorthwesternUniversity)争端解决研究中心的主任和创始成员
——珍妮.M.布莱特(),致力于研究、讲学和咨询全球环境中
的谈判策略,成果颇丰并获得“小德威特.W教师节的来历简介.巴查南争端解决与组织杰出教授”
称号美丽西施。她的新著《全球谈判:跨文化交易谈判、争端解决和决策制定》(Negotiating
Globally:HowtoNegotiateDeals奔跑串词,ResolveDisputes徐良两个傻瓜,andMakeDecisions
AcrossCulturalBoundaries)提供了一个清晰的、通用的分析框架,帮助谈判
桌上出现文化差异时管理文化差异。布莱特在该书中所讨论的文化属于此种民族
文化范畴私语的意思,并主要泛指社会群体的独有特征硅酸钠的性质,既包括心理要素吃玉米的好处,即群体成员共享
的价值观和规范后记,也包括社会结构要素:作为社会交往背景的经济、社会、政治
和宗教体制等。当双方跨越文化进行谈判的时候,双方都把各自的文化摆到了谈
判桌上。在这个过程中,文化常以一种微妙的方式影响人们的谈判态度与谈判行
为。这种效应好似“以石投水”,石子激起涟漪阳光工程,向整个池面漾去中考英语,文化就弥漫
在整个水面之中,并且渗透在谈判的方方面面。布莱特在《全球谈判》一书中着
重分析了利益、权利、权力三对文化范畴对谈判(尤其是争端解决谈判)的影响中秋贺卡贺词。
同样,在中国也又很多关于文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响方面的研究夏季奥运会,主
要是以林海为代表360加速球怎么关闭。2004年他在《经济师》上发表了《跨文化因素对中美商务
谈判的影响》一文。文中他认为文化是言语交际的根基喷薄欲出的意思,中美文化差异主要表现
在语言沟通、价值观念等诸方面。在跨文化商务交际中,交际者为达到交际目的,
应积极地采取必要对策。目前中美两国间经贸发展较快,双方商务谈判越来越频
繁乐山房屋出租。由于两国文化差异对商务谈判的各个方面都有直接的影响,中美双方在商务
谈判中必须增强文化差异的敏感性,了解在语言沟通、价值观和谈判风格上的差
异明艳,为达成协议打下基础合作。文章分别从语言与非语言因素、价值观念差异和谈判
风格的差异三个方面进行了阐述旅游咨询。2005年他又在零陵学院学报上发表了《文化
差异对中美商务谈判的影响》一文。这篇文章是建立《跨文化因素对中美商务谈
判的影响》的基础上并加以扩展而得来的。在语言和非语言交际方式的差异方面母爱的故事,
他又分别从语言交流差异和非语言交流方式的差异两个部分进行了分析北京房屋租赁合同。在价值
观念差异方面则分别从个人主义和集体主义和直线的时间观和循环的时间观两
个方面进行分析挚友的英文。在谈判风格的差异方面什么是中国传统文化,他就从谈判起点的差异、对争执和沉
xxxvi
默的态度差异以及对合同的态度三个角度进行分析错过的情人石梅。最后总结出,忽视文化差异、
缺乏沟通、处理不当都会增加谈判难度,甚至无法达成协议,丧失商业机会堆雪人的拼音。
早在1998年,张红霞就对其进行了研究。在她发表的文章《中美两国商务谈
判风格之比较》中,她认为由于中美两国在社会政治经济体制、价值观念、意识
形态及文化传统等方面存在的差异旅游人,两国间的商务谈判风格也各有特色。美国人
重视法律、时间、利益、信息,习惯“纵向妥协式谈判”,个人立场决策能力强qq农场图标怎么点亮,
主张即时谈判;中国人富有耐心lol代练封号,重人性,重立场,较为含蓄读书格言,集体决策治安管理处罚种类,喜欢观“横
向妥协式谈判”,主张先定原则框架鱼面,等等束缚带怎么用。因此鲫鱼冬瓜汤,她分别从六个方面讨论了中美
两国商务谈判的风格差异。第一internetexplorer已停止工作,从对时间的态度上看,美国人在谈判时间上缺
乏耐心;中国人富有耐心两极格局。第二,从对法律的态度上看安东尼 罗宾,美国人非常注意法律;
中国人注重人际关系山东省莘县实验小学,看重人情姐姐放弃读博延迟婚期救弟弟,爱面子。第三改革开放四十周年感悟,从对立场和利益的态度上看,美
国人重利益轻立场,目的等于“好买卖”;中国人把立场放在第一位,经济利益放
在第二位珐琅质。第四,从对交换信息的态度上看宽容是什么,美国人主张即时互换、提供“全部”
基本信息、直率交往、“摊牌”;中国人则是滞时互换、提供基本信息但留有回
旋余地、含蓄交往、回避事实静影沉璧的意思,掩饰真情实感。第五清凉油的作用,从决策者和决策权限来看峨眉山位于,
美国人崇尚个人奋斗,独立性强,个人决策,享有全权;中国人讲究个人之间的合
作nrf2401,集体性强,集体决策,权力有限爱不需要承诺。第六法制安全教育手抄报,从原则性和灵活性来看我的好心情,美国人主张即
时谈判。
2002年,王雅梅和谭晓钟在《中华文化论坛》上发表了《论影响国际商务谈
判的文化因素》南唐李后主。文章提出,商务谈判不仅仅是谈判各方基于经济利益的交流与
合作,也是各方所具有的不同文化之间的碰撞与沟通午饭玩。在不同国家、不同民族之
间进行的国际商务谈判更是如此logo征集。国际商务谈判受到各自国家、民族的政治、经
济、文化等多种因素的影响昨日黄花,而其中最难以把握的就是文化因素。文化上的差异
导致了国际商务谈判中的文化碰撞甚至冲突,相当一部分谈判因此而失败,直
接影响了国际商务活动的顺利进行。因此邪恶漫画集,在国际商务谈判中正确把握文化因素
至关重要组织委员的职责。文章分别从谈判风格、风俗习惯、语言、时间观念和人际关系五个方
面分析了东西方各国的商务谈判。
近期发表的文章则以赵湘2006年在《环球经济》上发表的《国际商务中的跨
文化交际》为代表煤气中毒。他认为随着经济全球化进程的加速,国与国之间、公司与公
司之间的跨国、跨文化的商务活动越来越频繁,不同文化背景人们的跨国往来与
日俱增yangguifeimishi,了解和掌握多元文化背景下的跨文化交流和管理的知识和技巧初秋的天,减少或
消除因文化差异而引起的误会、摩擦和冲突秋水仙素,对有效地从事国际商务活动,提高生
产力儿童床十大品牌,具有十分重要的现实意义。他分别从商务合同中的文化差异、商务谈判中
的文化差异和商务礼仪中的文化差异三个方面进行了分析。
随着中美贸易的不断深入经期喝咖啡,中美商务谈判越来越频繁。正确的理解两国之间
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的文化差异有助于促进两国之间的贸易往来月下梦,因此酣然入梦的意思,针对此方面的研究也越来越
深入建国70庆祝。
参考文献:
林海.跨文化因素对中美商务谈判的影响[J].经济师,2004(10)小学生写人作文范文.
林海仍想结婚的女人电视剧.文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响[J]仿写句子练习.零陵学院学报生产许可证,2005(10).
王雅梅脊椎保健,谭晓钟.论影响国际商务谈判的文化因素[J]编字谜.中华文化论
坛生命中不可承受之重,2002(3).
赵湘企业文化理念故事.国际商务中的跨文化交际[J].环球经济,2006(2)军政社区.
张红霞.中美两国商务谈判风格之比较[J].山东师大学报,1998(4).
珍妮.M.布莱特笔记本怎么连接电视.全球谈判:跨文化交易谈判、争端解决和决策制定[M]福建技术师范学院.北京:
中国人民大学出版社观潮节,2005.
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