现在完成进行时，英语中动词的基本时态

构成形式

第一人称:I / we / you / they have been + 动词的现在分词

第三人称:He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词

基本句型

肯定式第一人称 have been doing sth.

疑问式 Have 第一人称 been doing sth.

简略回答 Yes，第一人称 have. No，第一人称 haven't.

肯定式 第三人称 has been doing sth.

疑问式 Has 第三人称been doing sth.

简略回答 Yes，第三人称has. No，第三人称hasn't.

1）表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：

Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.

Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：

It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)

Jack has been feeling very well recently.

3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：

She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：

Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.

The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

标志:1.句中常有延续性动词，2.时间点前有since。

用法

现在完成进行时(Prent perfect continuous)

主语+have/has+been+动词-ing(延续性动词)

（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。

The Chine have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）

I have been learning English since three years ago.三年以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）

（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。

We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)

（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。

They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.

他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。（动作还将继续下去）

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.

我在这里已经工作五年了。（动作还将继续下去）

（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。

I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。

I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。

They have been building a bridge.他们一直在造一座桥。（动作还将继续下去）

They have built a bridge.他们造了一座桥。（动作已经完成）

（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。

I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。

* I have been knowing...

这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，think想等等。

（六）一些现在完成时的句子也与现在完成进行时的句子含义相同

延续性动词在现在完成时与现在完成进行时时态中使用，句意相同。例如：

She has slept for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.

She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.她已经睡了6个小时，到现在还没有醒来。

(七）表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性

It has been raining for 3 days。已经下了3天的雨了（现在还没停止）

对比

1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

不确定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例：

I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）

I have en this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有包装，可能为不公平竞争。）

She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been nt for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

注意

现在完成时态可表示做完的事情以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以。

在当代英语中，现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。如：

Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。

He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。

否定句构成：

主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词+其他

一般疑问句构成:

Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他

练习

一

Part 1

A.Correct the following ntences. 订正以下的句子

1.All the years they are contributing articles to our magazine.

2.I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.

3.What have you been doing before you left Oxford?

4.It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourlf?

5.It's a long time since you come to e me.

6.Alice didn't e much of Henry lately.

7.I'm glad to tell you that you pasd the exam.

Part 2

B.Complete the following ntences with the right form of the verbs given. 选出正确的一项

1.You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.

2.My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.

3.The little boy is dirty all over becau he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.

4.I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.

5.Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.

Part 3

C.Make the best choices.作出正确选择

1.— I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. 　　— I think so.He ________ for it for months. (2008江苏) 　　A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing

2.By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山东) 　　A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked

3.So far this year we _______ a fall in hou prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建) 　　A. saw B. e C. had en D. have en

4.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. (2007湖南) 　　A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying

5.Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建) 　　A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked

6.—I have got a headache. 　　—No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long. 　　A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked

7.The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. (2007上海) 　　A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling

8.Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet. 　　A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider

9.—______ you ______ him around the muum yet? —Yes. We had a great time there.(2007江苏) 　　A. Have shown B. Do show C. Had; shown D. Did; show

10.—Hi, Tracy，you look pale. 　　—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. 　　A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted

二

单项选择

1.Both his parents look sad .

Maybe they _________what's happened to him.

A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know

2.He has _______ been to Shanghai， has he ？

A. already B.never C.ever D. still

3.Have you met Mr Li ______？

A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago

4.4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.

A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written

5.—Our country ______ a lot so far.

—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.

A. has changed ； well B. changed ； good C. has changed ； better D. changed ； better

6.Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.

A. was ； studying B. will ； study C. has ； studied D. are ； studying

7.7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew

8.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.

A. will e B. have en C. saw D.e

9.—The farmers have been to the United States.

—Really ？ When _____ there ？

A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone

10.—______ you ___ your homework yet？

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago.

A. Did； do； finished B. Have； done； finished C. Have； done； have finished D. will； do； finish

11.His father ______ the Party since 1978.

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

12.—Do you know him well ？

— Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

13.—How long have you ____ here？

—About two months.

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

14.Hurry up！ The play __________ for ten minutes.

A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began

15.It _____ ten years since he left the army.

A.is B.has C.will D.was

参与答案：Bbbdc，ccbbb，dcaca