Chapter 4 Transport Techniques and Management课件

Chapter4TransportTechniquesandManagement
Background
RoleofTransportinLogistics
TransportNetworks
ClassicalTransportProblem
Section1
Background
1Background
Transportationhas“rvedasthevehicleforintensifyingmassconsumptionofresourcesandgoodsbeyondsubsistencelevelsformanycenturies”
DonaldandMichel,1997
“Logisticsis…Thepositioningofresourceattherighttime,intherightplace,attherightcost,attherightquality”
CILT(UK)2005
Logistics=Supply+MaterialManagement+Transport
ImportanceoftransportctorinChina
Transportandcommunications(T&C)GDProby10.2%in2009whichisfasterthantheoverallGDPwhichwasat8.7%
TotalvalueofT&CGDPwillrito$576.2billionby2014---6.3%ofChina’sGDP
TheT&Cctoremployed22.52millionpeoplein2009---2.7%ofthelaborforce
Likelytorito23.56millionby2014(4.6%)
%employeesbymodePRCBusinessMonitorInternational
Railway
Road
Urban
Water
Air
Pipeline
Loading,Unloading
Postal
Telecommu-
nications
Totals
26.4%
22.7%
14%
6.9%
3.5%
0.27%
4%
7.3%
14.9%
NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina
Lengthoftransportroutes-China
(10000km)
Item
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
%increa
Railways
7.3
7.44
7.54
7.71
7.8
6.8
Highways
180.98
187.07
334.52
245.7
358.37
98
Expressway
2.97
3.43
4.1
4.53
5.39
81.5
Navigableinlandwaterways
12.4
12.33
12.33
12.34
12.35
-0.4
Totalcivilaviationroutes
174.95
204.94
199.85
211.35
234.3
33.9
Petroleumandgaspipeline
3.26
3.82
4.4
4.81
5.45
67.2
NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina
Shareoffreighttransport-China
Section2
RoleofTransportinLogistics
Transportchain
Transport
Origin
Destination
Freightforwarder
3rdpartylogistics
4thpartylogistics
Carrier
Courier
Hauler
Shipper
Rawmaterials
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Distributor
Retailer
Consignee
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Distributor
Retailer
Consumer
Unitization
Anapproachaimedatcreatinganappropriatestandardmoduleforhandling,storage,movement,loadingandunloadingduringthetransportanddistributionprocess.
-Smallcontainersudinsmallpartsstorageandhandling.
-Woodenpalletswhichhavebecomeakeyunitload.
-Totesanddollies
-Cageandboxpallets
Containerization
Introducedinthe1960s
Standardsizewithtwistlocksforuniversalhandling
Specialcellularshipavailabletoaccommodatecontainers
Specialtypesofhandlingequipmenttoload/unloadcontainers
Severaltypesofcontainersinu:
Dry Cargo Container
Open Top Container
Platform bad Container
Ventilated Container
Reefer Container
Bulk Container
Tank Container