中考英语复习过去分词和过去式的区别

中考英语复****过去分词和过去式的差别
动词过去式和过去分词差别(及变形规律)
动词的过去式是一个动词,单独作谓语。不可以与助动词、神态动词连用。它的词性与动词的第三人称单数相同。
过去分词(pastparticiple)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词属于类动词:

-ed构成(规则见后),不规则动词的
1.1及物动词的过去分词作表语,

与句子的主语是被动关系,

表示主语的状态,不仅表示被动,还重申已完成了。

Thecup
isbroken.茶杯破了。
1.2不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,相同重申动作的完成。

Heisretired.
他已退休。
1.3有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很凑近被动结构。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化以下:
一般状况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:workedplayedwantedacted
以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:livedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudgedraidwiped
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变成-i再加-ed,如:studiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加
-ed,如:stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddropped
planneddotteddripped
不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。如:
go-went,make-made,get-got,buy-bought,come-came,
fly-flew,is/am-was,are-were,e-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,think-thought,are-were,say-said,sit-sat.
动词的过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,也叫非限制性动词。不可以独立作谓语,只好与助动词一起构成谓语。
如:“have/has/had+过去分词”构成完成时态;“be+过去分词”构成被动语态等。它相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中起
一个形容词或副词的作用,可作表语、定语、补语等。它的作用与此刻分词doing近似。过去分词表的意义是被动或完成。
但是,过去式和过去分词最主要的差别是:过去式是一个动词,而过去分词是一个动词的非谓语形式,相当于一个形容词或副词。
动词过去分词和过去是变形规律:
AAA型
即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共
9个)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit
hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—let
put—put—put
read—read—read(read的原形和过去式、过去分词读音不一样[2])
t-t-t
shut-shut-shut
ABB型
过去式、过去分词相同。(共42个)
过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(4个)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
fight—fought—fought
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中考英语复****过去分词和过去式的差别
词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变成t。(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent—lent
nd—nt—nt
spend—spent—spent
过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
把-eep、-eel变成-ept、-elt。(4个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep—swept—swept
feel—felt—felt
把-ell变成-old。(2个)
tell—told—told
ll—sold—sold
把-ell、-ill变成-elt或-ilt。(3个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
spill—spilt—spilt
把-eed、-ead、-eet变成-ed或-et。(4个)
feed—fed—fed
lead—led—led
speed—sped—sped
meet—met—met
过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(6个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
burn—burnt—burnt
dream—dreamt—dreamt
deal—dealt—dealt
过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id(3个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
改变元音字母。(12个)
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig—dug—dug
lo—lost—lost
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中考英语复****过去分词和过去式的差别
改变辅音字母。(4个)
make—made—made
改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have/has—had—had
understand—understood—understood
ABC型
原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共
39个)
i—a—u变化。(7个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
spring—sprang—sprung
词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变成-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown
(show除外)
词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变成o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加
n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
ri—ro—rin
过去分词在过去式后加n。(3个)
wake—woke—woken
speak-spoke-spoken
steal-stole-stolen
过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(2个)
get-got-gotten/got
forget—forgot—forgotten
过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
e—saw—en
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变成-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
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中考英语复****过去分词和过去式的差别
原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
词尾为-eak时,过去式将其变成-oke,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)
break—broke—broken
speak—spoke—spoken
词中间为“oo+辅(1个)+e”或“ee+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将oo、ee变成o,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)
choo—cho—chon
freeze—froze—frozen
AAB型
过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
ABA型
过去分词和原形相同。(共3个)
词中间为“o+辅+e”时,过去式将o变成a。(2个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
神态动词型
(除must)
只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(共4个)
can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should
must既没有过去式也没有过去分词。
常用过去分词
be(am,is,are)(是)was,were
know(知道)knewknown
eat(吃)ateeaten
wear(穿)woreworn
been
throw(扔掷)threwthrown
fall(落下)fellfallen
cost(花销)costcost
begin(开始)beganbegun
show(出示)showedshown
give(给)gavegiven
cut(割)cutcut
drink(喝)drankdrunk
break(打破)brokebroken
ri(高升)rorin
hit(打)hithit
ring(铃响)rangrung
choo(选择)cho
take(取)tooktaken
hurt(损害)hurthurt
sing(唱)sangsung
chon
ride(骑)roderidden
let(让)letlet
swim(游泳)swamswum
forget(忘掉)forgot
write(写)wrotewritten
put(放)putput
blow(吹)blewblown
forgotten(forgot)
do(做)diddone
read(读)readread
draw(画)drewdrawn
speak(说讲)spokespoken
go(去)wentgone
fly(飞)flewflown
wake(醒)wokewoken
lie(平躺)laylain
grow(生长)grewgrown
drive(驾驶)drovedriven
e(看见)sawen
动词原形过去式过去分词[2]
ariaroarin
其余状况
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中考英语复****过去分词和过去式的差别
Awake.awoke/awaked
dream
dreamt/dreamed
leadledled
ttt
awoken
dreamt/dreamed
leanleant/leaned
wwedwn/wed
bewas/werebeen
drinkdrankdrunk
leant/leaned
shakeshookshaken
bear
bore
borne(携
drivedrovedriven
leap
leapt/leaped
shave
shaved
带)/born(出生)
dwelldweltdwelt
leapt/leaped
shaved/shaven
beatbeatbeaten
eatateeaten
learn
learnt/learned
shear
sheared
becomebecamebecome
fallfellfallen
learnt/learned
sheared/shorn
beginbeganbegun
feedfedfed
leaveleftleft
shedshedshed
befallbefellbefallen
feelfeltfelt
lendlentlent
shineshoneshone
bendbentbent
fightfoughtfought
letletlet
shoeshodshod
betbetbet
findfoundfound
lielaylain
shootshotshot
bindboundbound
fleefledfled
lieliedlied
show
showed
bitebitbitten/bit
flingflungflung
lightlit/lightedlit/lighted
shown/showed
bleedbledbled
flyflewflown
lolostlost
shrink
shrank/shrunk
blendblendedblent
forbid
forbade/forbad
makemademade
shrunk/shrunken
blessblesdblest
forbidden
meanmeantmeant
shrive
shrove/shrived
blowblewblown
forecast
meetmetmet
shriven/shrived
breakbrokebroken
forecast/forecasted
melt
melted
shutshutshut
breedbredbred
forecast/forecasted
meited/molten
singsangsung
bringbroughtbrought
forgetforgotforgotten
mistakemistookmistaken
sink
sank/sunk
broadcast
forgiveforgaveforgiven
misunderstand
sunk/sunken
broadcast/broadcasted
freezefrozefrozen
misunderstood
sitsatsat
broadcast/broadcasted
gainsaygainsaidgainsaid
misunderstood
slayslewslain
buildbuiltbuilt
getgotgotten
outgrowoutgrewoutgrown
sleepsleptslept
burn
burnt/burned
gildgilded/giltgilded
overcome
overcame
slideslidslid
burnt/burned
girdgirded/girtgirded/girt
overcome
slingslungslung
burstburstburst
givegavegiven
overeoversawoveren
slinkslunkslunk
buyboughtbought
gowentgone
paypaidpaid
slitslitslit
castcastcast
gravegravedgraven/graved
prove
proved
smell
smelt/smelled
catchcaughtcaught
grindgroundground
proved/proven
smelt/smelled
choochochon
growgrewgrown
putputput
smitesmotesmitten
cleave
clove/cleft
hang
hung/hanged
quit
quitted/quit
sowsowedsown/sowed
cloven/cleft
hung/hanged
quitted/quit
speakspokespoken
clingclungclung
havehadhad
readreadread
speed
sped/speeded
Clothe
clothed/clad
hearheardheard
rendrentrent
sped/speeded
clothed/clad
Heave
heaved/hove
rideroderidden
spell
spelt/spelled
comecamecome
hesved/hove
ringrangrung
spelt/spelled
costcostcost
hidehidhidden
rirorin
spendspentspent
creepcreptcrept
hithithit
riverivedriven/rived
spill
spilt/spilled
crowcrowed/crewcrowed
holdheldheld
runranrun
spilt/spilled
cutcutcut
hurthurthurt
sawsawedsawn/sawed
spinspun/spanspun
daredared/durstdared
keepkeptkept
saysaidsaid
spitspat/spitspat/spit
dealdealtdealt
kneelkneltknelt
esawen
spoil
spoilt/spoiled
digdugdug
knowknewknown
eksoughtsought
spoilt/spoiled
dodiddone
ladeladedladen
llsoldsold
spreadspreadspread
drawdrewdrawn
laylaidlaid
ndntnt
spring
sprang/sprung
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6
中考英语复****过去分词和过去式的差别
sprung
standstoodstood
stavestaved/stove
staved/stove
stealstolestolen
stickstuckstuck
stingstungstung
swearsworesworn
sweepsweptswept
swellswelled
swollen/swelled
swimswamswum
swingswungswung
taketooktaken
teachtaughttaught
teartoretorn
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought
throwthrewthrown
thrustthrustthrust
treadtrodtrodden/trod
uptuptupt
wakewoke/waked
woken/waked
wearworeworn
weavewovewoven
weepweptwept
winwonwon
windwoundwound
workworked/wrought
worked/wrought
wringwrungwrung
writewrotewritten
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