主语补足语例子

主语补足语例子
【篇一:主语补足语例子】
主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语.
eg.theycaughtboystealing.
被动语态theboywascaughtstealing.
stealing即为主语补足语
被动语态后的主语补足语
对于主语补足语,语法家们各有不一样的看法.有的把连系动词后边的部
分称作主语补足语;有的又把被动语态后的补足语称作表语,与被动语态一起称作复合谓语.笔者经过教课领悟到,还是把被动语态后边的
补足语称作主语补足语好些.这是由于学生很简单接受“宾语补足语”,而假如把带有宾语补足语的句子变为被动句,本来增补说明宾语的部分就变为增补说明主语了.
一、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是亲近相关的.
比方:
isawhimplayingbasketballyesterday.
hewasenplayingbasketballyesterday.
句(1)中的含义不是我看见他,而是我看见他正在打篮球.playingbasketball是宾语him的补足语.因此叫宾语补足语.
句(2)中的含义也不是他被看,而是他人看见他正在打篮球.这里的playingbasketball是主语he的补足语,故称作主语补足语.主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语.因此含有主语补足语的句子一般是被
动语态,谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词.
句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语.
二、主语补足语形式各种
1.动词elect,call,name,make,find,leave等后边常接名词用作主语补足语.比方:
thedogiscalledkarl.
coalissometimescalledstored-upsunlight.
③hewasfoundtherightmanforthejob.
2.动词keep,make,paint,cut,burn,beat,wash,find,consider,
wipe等后边常接形容词用作主语补足语.比方:
thedoorwaspaintedwhite.
②theoldmanwasfoundweak.
③theclassroomisalwayskeptcleaneveryday.
3.动词e,watch,hear,feel,listento,lookat,imagine
接分词用作主语补足语.比方:
①heisoftenheardreadingenglish.

等后边
theprofessorwasenmakinganexperimentinthechemistrylab.
③theglasswasfoundbroken.
④theclassroomwasfoundcrowdedwithpeople.
4.感官动词e,watch,hear,notice,feel,make等后边接带to的
不定式用作主语补足语.比方:
hewasentocomeupst
airs.
iceisknowntobeinasolidstate.
③thespywasorderedtobehanged.
5.介词短语用作主语补足语.比方:
①thebooksinthestudymustbekeptingoodorder.
hewasfoundingoodhealth.
englishisconsideredofgreatimportanceforus.
as后边接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语.比方:
englishistakenasaufulmeansforrearchwork.
②thenewsisconsideredastrue.
③thestoolisusuallythoughtashavingfourlegs④thevaisthoughtasbroken.
7.由what指引的名词性从句用作主语补足语.比方:
theboyhasbeenmadewhatheis.
三、主语补足语的鉴识
1.看句中的动词是否是可接复合宾语,并且是否是被动语态,与此同时
还要看以后部分的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语.
另一种最简单的方法是:假如还不可以看出来就可以把全句改成主
动语态,加上一个主语we或people等.改成主动语态后,看后边是否是变为了“宾语+宾语补足语”了,这样我们就可以鉴识原句后边是否是主语补足语.比方:
被动句:shewasfoundreadinginthelibrary.(主语补足语)
主动句:wefoundherreadinginthelibrary.(宾语+宾语补足语)
被动语态
一、被动语态的用法:
1.一般此刻时的被动语态构成:is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词
ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.
iamaskedtostudyhard.
knivesareudforcuttingthings.
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词
anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.
dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.
3.此刻完成时的被动语态构成:has/have+been+

及物动词的过
去分词
thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
manyman-madesatelliteshavebeenntupintospaceby
manycountries.
4.一般未来时的被动语态构成:will+be+anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.

及物动词的过去分词
5.含有神态动词的被动语态构成:神态动词

+be+

及物动词的过去
分词
youngtreesmustbewateredoften.
yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.
thedoormaybelockedinside.
yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.
6.此刻进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are+being+

及物动词的
过去分词
unclewangismendingmybikenow.→
mybikeisbeingrepairedbytomnow.
theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→
treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.
不定式的被动语态:to+be+及物动词的过去分词
therearetwobookstoberead.→
therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.
二、如何把主动语态改成被动语态
把主动语态改为被动语态特别简单
1.先找出谓语动词;
2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4.注意人称、时态和数的变化.

?
,可以依据以下几个步骤:
例:1.brucewritesaletterevery

week.

→aletteriswrittenby
bruceeveryweek.
2.lileimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.
wasmendedbylileithismorning.

→thebrokenbike
3.hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.

→twonovelshavebeen
writtenbyhimsofar.
4.theywillplanttentreestomorrow.

→tentreeswillbeplanted
bythemtomorrow.
5.lucyiswritingaletternow.

→aletterisbeingwrittenbylucy
now.
6.youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.

→thedoormustbe
lockedwhenyouleave.
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
不及物动词无被动语态.whatwillhappenin100years.
thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.
有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义.
thispenwriteswell.
thisnewbookllswell.
感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to.
例:makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madeto
dosomething
esomebodydosomething→somebody+be+entodo
something
agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepasdby.→mywalletwas
entodropbyagirlwhenshepasdby.
thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→thelittleboywas
madetodoheavyworkbytheboss.
假如是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定.
hegavemeabook.→abookwasgiventomebyhim.
heshowedmeaticket.→aticketwasshowntomebyhim.
myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.
一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不可以抛弃此中的介词或副词.
wecan’tlaughhim.→hecan’tbelaughbyus.
helistenstotheradioeveryday.→theradioislistenedtoby
himeveryday.
thenuristakingcareofthesickman.→thesickmanis
beingtakencareofbythenur.
增补:
系动词连接了主语和补语.这种结构中的补语是说明主语性状的,因此称为主语补足语.系动词作为实义动词的一类,拥有自己的意义,但是在起到桥梁作用的同时,有些系动词会保持自己拥有的意义,有些意义则会减弱或消逝.比方:
1.itastedthesoup.(taste为及物动词,意思为“品味”.)
2.thesouptasteswonderful.(taste为系动词,意思为“尝起来,吃
起来”,意思基本未变.)
3.hewenttothecinemayesterdayevening.(go是不及物动词,
意思为“去,走”.)
4.atthenews,hewentmad.(go为系动词,失掉了“go”的原义,意
为“变得”.)
别的,英语中还有必定数目的不及物动词,完整保留了自己的词汇意义
同时又发挥着系动词的功能.它们与主语补足成分连用,因此这种词被
称为“准系动词”(quasi-linkingverborhalf-linkingverb).用于

,
“s+vi+cs”代(s表主语,vi代表不及物动词,cs代表主语补足语)这一句式的动词都属于这种用法.有时,主语补足语不紧跟系动词,有可能被其他状语成分分开.以“go”为例:
5.attwenty-four,tomwenthalf-bald.(go为系动词,失掉原义.)
6.aftermidnight,tomwenthomebored.(go为准系动词,保留原
义,但同时又连接主语“tom”和主补“bored”,“home为”副词,表示地点状语.)
用于这一句式的补语可以为各种形式,如名词词组(np),形容词词组
(ap),介词词组(pr.p),和分词短语(pp)等.现举比方下:
type1:s+vi+cs(np)
7.wepartedthebestfriends.
=wewerethebestfriendswhenweparted.
istandbeforeyoutodaythereprentativeofafamilyingrief.
=iamthereprentativeofafamilyingriefwhenistandbeforeyoutoday.
近似的动词包含:come(back),die,fall,go,leave等.
type2:s+vi+cs(ap)
theywerepoorwhentheywereborn;theywerepoorwhentheylived;theywerepoorwhentheydied.
10.shemarriedyoung.
shewasyoungwhenshemarried.
themorningdawnedfreshandclearafterthestormatnight.=whenthemorningdawnedafterthestormatnight,itwasfreshandclear.
近似的动词包含:arrive,come(back),dawn,fall,leave,lie,
marry,return,sit,stand,turnout等.
type3:s+vi+cs(pr.p)
12.theparcelarrivedingoodcondition.
whentheparcelarrived,itwasingoodcondition.13.theyparatedwithfeelingsalienation.
theyhadfeelingsalienationwhentheyparated.
近似的动词包含:come,die,fall,go,leave,lie,part,return,sit,
stand等.
type4:s+vi+cs(p.p)
14.theystoodlisteningtohim.
=theystoodwhiletheywerelisteningtohim.
15.hecamehomeconvincedthatshewastellingthetruth.
=hecamehomeandhewasconvincedthatshewastellingthetruth.
近似的动词包含:arrive,die,fall,go,leave,lie,return,sit等.
【篇二:主语补足语例子】
主语补足语:在svc(主-动-补)结构中,谓语动词随后跟有主语补
足语(又叫“表语”)e.gannisaschoolgirl.该句中的schoolgirl
就是主语ann的补足语。宾语补足语:在svoc(主-动-宾-补)结构中,谓语动词以后不仅需跟有宾语,并且宾语以后还要一定跟有
宾语补足语。e.gwefoundhimsafeandsound.此中的在句中作为宾语him的补足语。sound