主谓一致基本原则

精选文档
精选文档
肃1
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
主谓一致的基根源则
主谓一致有以下三条原则:
语法一致原则,即在语法形式上获得一致。比方,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采纳单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采纳复数形式。
比方:Thestudentsareveryyoung.Thispicturelooksbeautiful.
意义一致原则,即从意义着眼办理一致关系。比方,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采纳复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采纳单数形式。
1.Thepeopleinthatcountryarefightingforindependence.
2.Thecrowddeeplyrespecttheirleader.?
3.Threeyearsinastrangelandemsalongtime.
就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最凑近它的词语。比方:
NeitherhenorIamgoingtoethefilmtonightbecauwearebusy.
Either..or
2.主谓一致的用法
依据以上三条原则,主谓一致有以下用法:
以下结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式
a.表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词平时用单数形式。比方:
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
1.Twohundredmilesisalongdistance.
2.Tendollarsisahighpriceforthatbook.
b.由anyone,anything,anybody,noone,nothing,everyone,
everybody,everything,someone,somebody,each,either,neither等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式。比方:
1.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.
2.Anythingisbetterthangoingtothemovietonight.
c.由“ariesof,akindof,aportionof+名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。比方:
Ariesofdebatesisscheduledtobeheldnextweek.
d.由“manya,morethanone+单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采纳单数形式。比方:
Manyapersoninthecircumstanceshashopedforalongbreak.
Thereismorethanoneanswertoyourquestion.
e.“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一看法或事物时,
谓语动词用单数形式。比方:
Awriterandeducatorisgivingalecturenow.(这个人既是作家又
是教育家)
Awriterandaeducator
f."either(neither)+of+复数名词(或代词)"作主语,谓语动词
用单数形式。比方:
1.Ifeitherofyoutakesavacationnow,
wewillnotbeabletofinishthework.
精选文档
精选文档
肃3
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
2.Neitherofthemwantstocome.
g.在eachandeach,everyandevery等结构以后,谓语动
词用单数形式。比方:
Eachmanandeachwomanhastherighttovote.
h.动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形
式。比方:
WhatIwanttosayisnoneofyourbusiness.
Listeningtotheclassicalmusicinjoyable.
i.以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics(政治学),mathematics(数学),statistics(统计学),acoustics(声学),
linguistics(语言学)等,谓语动词用单数形式。比方:
Mathematicsiswhathemajorsin.
以下结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。(意义一致)
a.由“a11,none,no,most,half,thelast,therest,
theremainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。比方:
Noneofthefoodiswasted.
Noneofthestudentswereabnt.
Therestofthelecturewasdull.
Therestofthebikeswereonsaleyesterday.
b.由"lotsof,heapsof,loadsOf,scadsof+名词”作主语,谓
语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。比方:
精选文档
精选文档
肃5
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
Lotsofworkistobedonethisweek.
Lotsofpeoplearegoingtoswimthisafternoon.
Thereisloadsofmilkonthefarm.
Thereareloadsofbigredapplesontheground.
Thereisheapsoffun.
c.由“分数或百分数十of+名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。比方:
Three-quartersoftheareaiscultivated.
Ninetypercentofthestudentshavepasdtheexam.
以下结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式依据意义而定。
a.由“the+形容词”这类结构作主语,依据意义一致的原则决定
谓语动词的单复数形式。假如表示一类人(如therich,thepoor,
theblind,thedeaf,thesick,theyoung,theold),谓语动词用复数形式;假如表示个人或抽象看法,谓语动词用单数形式。比方:
Theblindaretaughttradesinspecialschools.?(表示一类人)
Thegoodinhimoverweighsthebad.?(表示抽象看法)
Thedepartedwasagoodfriendofhis.?(表示个人)
b.family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group,government,team,public,majority,minority等会集名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应依据意义而定。比方:
Thefamilyliketolistentothemusic.(thefamily指这家人,用作
复数)
精选文档
精选文档
肃7
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
Thefamilyissmall.(thefamily指这个家庭,用作单数)Thecommitteehasconsideredyourproposal.(thecommittee指委员会,用作单数)
Thecommitteewerearguingforanhourbeforetheygavetheirvotes
?(thecommittee指委员会的委员们,用作复数)
以下结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可。
a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可。
比方:
Fiveandsixmake/makeleven.
Seventimestenareventy.
但是:Twentyfromthirtyleavesten.
????Sixvensareforty-two.
b.由"onein/outof+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。比方:
Oneintenwere/wasprent.
以下结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
由and或bothand连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式。比方:
Agirlandaboywanttogo.
Bothriceandwheataregrowninthatcountry.
以下结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视详尽状况而定。
a.由aswellas,togetherwith,besides,like,alongwith,withbut,except,accompaniedby,ratherthan,including连接
精选文档
精选文档
肃9
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。比方:
Thepresidentofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,
isplanningaconferenceforthepurpooflayingdowncertainreg
ulations.
Theyoungmotherwithhertwochildreniscomingnow.Theplantmanager,likemanytechnicians,ixperiencedindesigningnewproducts.
b.“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。比方:
Thepictureofthechildren孩子的照片
bringsbackmanymemoriesofmypastexperiences.
Theeffectsofcigarettesmokinghavebeenprovedtobeextremelyh
armful.
c.由notonlybutalso,eitheror,neithernor或or连接
的并列主语,平时依据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由
最凑近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。比方:
Heoryouhavetakenmypen.
Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.
Oneortwodaysareenoughtovisitthecity.
d.therebe句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于以后的真切主语的单复数形式。比方:
Thereisagardeninfrontofthehou.
精选文档
精选文档
肃11
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
TherearetwothingsI'dliketosayhere.
关于几对简单混淆词组的一致用法
a.由"this/thatkind/typeof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"the/thokind/typeof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。比方:
1.Thiskindofapplesishighlypriced.这类
2.Thokind(s)oftestsaregood.?那些
b.由“anumberof,atotalof,anaverageof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“thenumberof,thetotalof,
theaverageof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。比方:
Anumberofstudentsarewaitingforthebus.
Thenumberofthestudentsinthisuniversityisincreasingyearly
.
c.oneof,the(only)oneof的一致用法Thisisoneofthebooksthathavebeenrecommended.
Thisisthe(only)oneofthebooksthathasbeenrecommended.
3.前后响应的用法
1)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,
精选文档
精选文档
肃13
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
someone,somebody,everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式。比方:
Ifanybodycalls,tellhimthatI'mout.Somethingstrangehappened,didn'tit?Everypasngerhastocarryhisownluggage.
精选文档
精选文档
肃14
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
2)人称代词与名词的响应:人称代词I(me),he(him),she(her),it(it)都是取代前面的单数名词,而they(them),we(us)则是取代复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示。比方:
Ifayoungpersonentersaclassicalmusicfieldonlyformoney,
heisinthewrongprofession.
Theleavesoftheredmaplearehighlypoisonoustohorsandwheni
ngestedcankillthemwithinfifteenhours。
物主代词与名词的响应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与取代的名词在数上一致。比方:
Thewelfaredepartment,aswellastheothersocialrvices,
willhaveitsbudgetcut.Delphinsarewarm-blooded;thatis,
theirbodytemperaturealwaysstaysaboutthesame,regardlessofthesurroundings.
反身代词与其所代成分间的响应。
Manyprimitivepeoplebelievedthatbyeatingananimaltheycould
getsomeofthegoodqualitiesofthatanimalforthemlves.
Everybodyclingstothisillusionabouthimlf.
Ihavejustbeenouttogetmylfacupoftea.
指示代词与所代名词间的响应:this和that指代单数名词或不行数名词,the和tho指代复数名词(tho还可以用作先行词,指引定语从句,表示“那些人”)。比方:
精选文档
精选文档
肃16
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
Sheinvitedallthowhohadbeenherformercolleagues.
Theamountofthepressurecaudbytheweightofacolumnoffluidi
sdeterminedbytheheightofthiscolumn.
much和muchof后接不行数名词,而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。比方:
Thereisnotmuchcoalleft.
Agreatmanyofthehouswereknockeddownbytheearthquake.
表示量的词后边有的接可数名词,有的接不行数名词。接可数名词的有:anumberof,arangeof,ariesof十复数名词;接不行数名词的有:agreatdealof,anamountof十不行数名词;既可接可数又可接不行数名词的有:alotof,avarietyof。比方:
1.Thegovernmentattachedagreatdealofimportancetoeducation.
2.Quiteanumberofwomenappliedforthisjob.
3.Thecollegelibraryhasavarietyofbooks.
4.Anappleisavarietyoffruit.
5.Awiderangeofdisorderscanaffectthehumanmuscularsystem.
精选文档
精选文档
肃18
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档
精心整理
精选文档
精选文档
肃10
膂蚇
薂莁
节薅
薀蚆
精选文档