passage OF UNIT 3现代大学英语第四册课件

TextofUnit3
Structureofthetext
Part1(para.1)about:Theauthor’spropositionofthegeneralpracticeofthinking.
Part2(paras.2-21)about:Theauthor’sanalysisoffivenon-rationalfactorsinthedeterminationofpeople’sopinions.
Part3(paras.22-25)about:Theauthorencouragesreaderstodiscoverthefacts,tothinkinaclear,freshandrationalwaytillgetthetruth.
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StructureoftheText
Manderlistsfivesourcesformanyofourgroundlessbeliefs:
1)Resultofearlyenvironment;
2)Parroting;
3)Self-interest;
4)Sentimentalassociations;
5)Fashion.
Para1.L1:Infuturewearegoingtofollowthepractice—untilitbecomesahabit—ofclassifyingpropositionsaccordingtotheirgrounds.
ground:(usu.pl.)thefoundation/underlyingconditionforanargument,abelief,oranaction;acauorgoodreasonforsth.
e.g.Neitherstatementcanbefaultedonthegroundsthatitisinaccurate.
proposition:n.astatementexpressinganopinion观点,见解,主张
e.g:Thepropositionissoclearthatitneedsnoexplanation.
注意:propositionpreposition(介词)
Probablyweshallbeastonishedatthenumberofpropositionsmetwithineverydaylifewhichweshallfinditnecessarytoclassasgroundless.
tobeastonishedat;tobesurpridat;tobealarmedat;tobeamazedat;tobeastoundedat
metwith:encountered;experienced
classas:classifyas
toregardas;todescribeas;toacceptas;toviewas;toconceiveas;torecognizeas
Para1.L4:
.
 
bare: a.naked;notcoveredwithorprotectedbyanything;empty;justefficient,mere…
e.g.barearm/feet/wall/necessities/facts
       thebarebranchesofwintertrees
       Thefridgewascompletelybare.
 
Phras:
withyourbarehands: withoutweaponsortools
bareyoursoul: totellyourdeepestandmostprivatefeelings
bareyourteeth: toshowyourteethinafierceand
                         threateningway
 
barefaced:a.showingthatyoudonotcareaboutoffendingsb.oraboutbehavingbadly
e.g.abarefacedlie
Para2,L3Ithasnowbecomeoneofourregularhabitsofthought.Perhapssomebody-somewhere-sometimetoldusacertainthing,andquiteuncriticallyweacceptedandbelievedit.
uncritically:ad.inawaythatisunwillingtocriticizesb./sth.ortojudgewhethersb./sth.isrightorwrong不愿批评地,不置可否地,不得罪人地
e.g:Heacceptedherdicissionsuncritically.
同根词:criticize,v批评,评论critical,v批评的,关键的criticism,n批评,评论
Para3,L3Itisconsistentwithallourknowledgeofpsychologytoconcludethateachwouldhavegrownupholdingexactlytheoppositebeliefstothoheholdsnow…
beconsistentwithsth.与...一致:Whatyousaynowisconsistentwithwhatyousaidlastweek.
beinagreement/harmonywithsth
Para3.L7Ifwehadgrownupinacommunitywherepolygamyorhead-hunting,orinfanticide,orgladiatorialfighting,ordueling,wasregardedasthenormalandnaturalthing—thenweshouldhavegrownuptoregarditas“obviously”naturalandperfectlymoralandproper.
polygamy:一夫多妻制
head-hunting:割取敌人头颅作为战利品
infanticide:杀婴罪,杀婴犯
gladiatorialfighting:角斗士格斗
dueling:决斗
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Para4.L2Wecontinuedoingit,moreorlessunconsciouslyallourlives:hence,totakeonlythemoststrikingexamples,theenormousinfluenceofnewspapersandtheeffectivenessofskilfuladvertising.
striking:1.interestingandunusualenoughtodrawattention引人注目的,异乎寻常的,显著的
astrikingfeature显著的特征
2.verycharming,ofteninanunusualway妩媚动人的,标致的,俊秀的
strikinggoodlooks姣好的面容
strikev.罢工,给...印象,碰撞strikinglyad.引人注目地,妩媚动人地
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