《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版·上)课件

《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版·上)
UnitOne
YouAreWhatYouThink
1.Text
2.Exercis
3.SupplementaryReading
YouAreWhatYouThink
Andifyouchangeyourmind—
frompessimismtooptimism—you
canchangeyourlife
ClaipeSafran
doughnutn..炸面圈
clichén.ideaorexpressionthathasbeentoomuchudandisnowoutdated;stereotypedphra;triteexpression陈腔滥调
scrutinizev..makeadetailedexaminationof细查,详审;审视
[1]Doyouetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut﹡,notuponthehole?Suddenlytheclichés﹡arescientificquestions,asrearchersscrutinize﹡thepowerofpositivethinking.
[2]Afast-growingbodyofrearch—104studiessofar,involvingsome15000people—isprovingthatoptimism﹡canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimism﹡leads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression﹡,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.
optimism※n.beliefthatintheendgoodwilltriumphoverevil;tendencytolookuponthebrightsideofthings;confidenceinsuccess乐观;乐观主义
pessimism※n.tendencytobelievethattheworstthingismostlikelytohappen,thateverythingisntiallyevil悲观;悲观主义
depression※n.beingsad;lowspirit沮丧,抑郁
[3]"Yourabilitiescount,"explainspsychologistMichaelF.Scheier①ofCarnegieMellonUniversity②inPittsburgh③,"butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill."Inpart﹡,that'sbecauoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.
inpart:tosomeextent在某种程度上
[4]Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistMartinE.P①.SeligmanoftheUniversityofPennsylvania②andcolleaguePeterSchulmansurveyedsalesreprentativesattheMetropolitan﹡LifeInsuranceCo.Theyfoundthatthepositive-thinkersamonglongtimereprentativessold37-percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegative-thinkers.Ofnewlyhiredreprentatives,optimistssold20-percentmore.
metropolitan※adj.oforinacapitalcity大城市的,大都会的,首府的
[6]Howdidtheydoit?Thecrettoanoptimist'ssuccess,accordingtoSeligman,isinhis"explanatorystyle".Whenthingsgowrongthepessimisttendstoblamehimlf."I'mnogoodatthis,"hesays,"Ialwaysfail."Theoptimistlooksforloopholes﹡.Heblamestheweather,thephoneconnection﹡,eventheotherperson.
loopholen.wayofescapefromcontrol,esp.oneprovidedbycarelessandinexactwordingofarule(因措词欠妥而造成的法规上的)漏洞
connection※n.joiningorbeingjoined;pointwheretwothings连接;连接点;连接物
Thatcustomerwasinabadmood,hethinks.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescredit﹡whilethepessimistessuccessasafluke﹡.
credit※n.honour,approval,goodnameorreputation荣誉;赞许;好名声
fluken.somethingresultingfromafortunateaccident;luckystroke侥幸的结果;侥幸
[7]CraigAndersonhadagroupofstudentsphonestrangersandaskthemtodonate﹡bloodtotheRedCross.Whentheyfailedonthefirstcallortwo,pessimistssaid,"Ican'tdothis."Optimiststoldthemlves,"Ineedtotryadifferentapproach."
[8]Negativeorpositive,itwasalf-fulfillingprophecy﹡."Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,"saysAnderson,"theydon'tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed."
donatev.give(egmoney)toacharity,etc.;contribute捐赠;赠送
prophecy△n.poweroftellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture;statementthattellswhatwillhappen预言能力;预言