2012年

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2012年6月英语六级真题及答案(dáàn)详解
PartⅠWriting(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choothebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
TheThree-YearSolution
HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.
TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurrearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld’sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.
Yet,therearesignsofperil(危险)withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityrearchisawardedcompetitively.
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Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring“schoolyear〞hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakesn.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,〞hehaswritten.
Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(终身(zhōngshēn)职位),combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles(压制)them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.
Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandvenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclass,orluredbyonemorefootballasonfindithardtograduate.
CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemwor.ThestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.
Forallofthereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfourcond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.
Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursprofessorsteachorintheirpay.
Thethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.Geniushavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms〞inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.
Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoamesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheAPstudentstograduatefaster.
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Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency(住院医生)program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.〞Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmynioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmynioryear,〞saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentnatorandmeethiswife.
Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游(áoyóu))intellectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.
“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,〞DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.〞Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.
Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThothatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:opencampusyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,〞hesays.“That’swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.〞
Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclass,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.
Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentvenhighertuitionpayments.Campuswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocud,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.
注意:此局部试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?
A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.
B)Tocutstudents’expens.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.
2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.
A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange
B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth
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C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveu
D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring
3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.
A)suppresscreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom
B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination
4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?
A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditachyear.
B)Non-creditcoursareeliminatedaltogether.
C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.
D)Somesummercoursareofferedfreeofcharge.
5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeprogram?
A)Ithasbeenrunningforveraldecades.
B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.
C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.
D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursonoffer.
6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentarnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears?
A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs.
B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.
C)Moreelectivecoursareofferedinhighschool.
D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.
7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?
A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.
B)Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.
C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.
D)Studentsdon’thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.
8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightpoathreatto.
9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorderto.
10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focud,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto.
SectionA
Directions:Inthisction,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapau.Duringthepau,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
注意(zhùyì):此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答.
11.A)TheriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.
B)ThemanhappenedtoeAnnafallonherback.
C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.
D)Thedoctor’stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.
12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.
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B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.
C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.
D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister’s.
13.A)Hewillndsomeonerightaway.
B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.
C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.
D)Thewomancantrytofixitherlf.
14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.
B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.
C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.
D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.
15.A)Declinetheinvitationaarlyaspossible.
B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.
C)TellTony’smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.
D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.
16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.
B)Theimpactofmassmedia.
C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.
D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.
17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.
B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.
C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.
D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.
18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.
B)Theapartmentisclotothecampus.
C)Theadvertimentisoutdated.
D)On-campushousingishardtocure.
Questions19to21arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.
B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.
C)Toeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.
D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.
20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.
B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.
C)Raitheirheadsabovethewater.
D)Swimstraightintothesametank.
21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoethelight.
B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.
C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.
D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins’reach.
Ques