todo用法.pdf

动词不定式用法小结(2)若作宾语的动词不定式(短语)很长,可用it作形式宾语。
IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou.我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。
英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变Hefoundithardtocatchupwithothers.他觉得赶上别人很困难。
化。四.作宾语补足语。例如:
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.
定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。
成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
一.作主语例如:老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
Tobeadoctorishard.做医生很难。Plealetmehelpyou.让我来帮助你。
TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.学好英语不容易。动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
Tosayistobelieve.眼见为实。tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在let,make,e,watch,hear,feel,notice,
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号
的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为:“to”,可以归纳为以下三种句式:
Itishardtobeadoctor.1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语:
ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.再如:tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teachsb.todosth.
It’simportanttoplanttreesinspring.例:Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.
如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称Iwantyoutogonow.我想让你现在就走。
为不定式的复合结构。例:Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她父母亲希望她当老师。
It’sgoodforustoreadEnglishaloudinthemorning.2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语:
对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。Let/make/havesb.dosth.
ItisimportantforstudentstouEnglisheveryday.Lettheboygooutnow.让那个男孩出去。
对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。Theboymadethebabycry.男孩弄哭了这个小孩。
二.作表语:(在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”e/watch/hear/notice/feelsb.dosth.
或“怎么样”的语法成分。)Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.
动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。例:昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。
Hisworkistodriveacar.他的工作是开车。Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。
Myjobistofeedanimals.我的工作是饲养动物。3.可省可不省的:
Herambitionistobeadoctor.她的理想是当医生。helpsb.(to)dosth.
三.作宾语Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohouwork.
动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,我经常帮妈妈做家务。
start,want,forget,remember,show,learn,like,hate,love,ask等。例:*动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例:
Iwanttotellyouastory.我想给你讲个故事。(1)Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。
Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.他们每天早晨8点开始工作。(2)省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.例:
Don’tforgettolockthedoor.别忘了锁门。Lettheboynotgo.让那个男孩别走。
Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?明天和我们一起去野餐好吗?(3)如果将主动语态变为被动语态时,作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语,动词不
*如果and连接两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例:定式则不省“to”,即原来省的再加上,例:
(1)Hewantstogoandhaveaswimwithus.他想和我们一起去游泳。Theboymadethebabycry.
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Thebabywasmadetocrybytheboy.那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。赶到火车站时,发现火车已经开走了。
五.动词不定式作定语Iwenttotheclassroom,todiscoveritempty.我走到教室,结果发现教室是空的。
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。例:(2)在“so+adj./adv.+as+todo”中。如:
Whowasthefirstonetoarrive?谁第一个到的?Thesceneryissobeautifulastoattractmanypeoplehereeveryyear.景色非常美,每年都要
Shehasnopapertowriteon?她没有纸写字?吸引很多人来这里。
ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouit.学英语最好的方法是使用它。(3)在“adj./adv.+enough+todo”中。如:
Whenisthebesttimetoplantvegetables?什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间?HeranfastenoughtocatchupwithLiLei.他跑得很快,结果赶上了李蕾。
Doyouhavesomethingtodrink?你这有喝的吗?(4)在“so+adj./adv.+a(n)+n.+as+todo”中。如:
*动词不定式(短语)作定语修饰名词时,与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系,如果不定式中Thisissointerestingastoryastointerestchildren.这是个很有趣的故事,使孩子们非常感兴
的动词为不及物动词时,其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例:趣。
Ihavenochairtositon.我没有椅子坐。(5)在“such+adj./adv.+n.+as+todo”中。如:
Hehasnohoutolivein.他没有房子住。Sheissuchagoodgirltohelpyoumakegreatprogress.她是个非常好的姑娘,帮助你取得了
六.动词不定式作目的状语:很大的进步。
动词不定式作目的状语常用在go,come,hurry等不及物动词后,表目的。(6)在“too+adj./adv.+todo”中。如:
Hewenttoehissisteryesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。Theywenttooslowlytocatchtheearlybus.他们走得太慢了,结果没能赶上早班车。
Theygotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.他们早起去赶早班车。C.表原因
有时可以把不定式(短语)提前,放于句首,表示强调目的。例:不定式表示原因时,一般放在句子的末尾,说明主语某种心情、情感(glad,plead,sad,worried,
ToearlyEnglishquicklyandwell,hewenttoEngland.sorrow,excited)所产生的原因。如:
为了更快更好地学英语,他去了英国。I’mverygladtohearthatLiLeihasbeenelectedcretaryoftheParty.听说李蕾被选为了党
不定式状语,可表示动作的目的做、结果、原因、条件和方式。的书记,我很高兴。
A.表目的D.表条件
表目的时,不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时,不定式常与句子不定式表示条件时,一般放在句首。如:
用逗号隔开;而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。如:Tobeheated,liquidwillchangeintogas.如果受热,液体就会变成气体。
Togetthereontime,wetoutatfiveinthemorning.为了按时到达那儿,我们早晨五点就出E.表方式
发了。不定式可接在asif/asthough之后表示方式时,如:
Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.他去那儿享受那儿的新鲜空气。Hemovedhismouthasiftosaysomething.他的嘴唇动了动,好像要说什么事似的。
比较:todo,inordertodo,soastodo都可表示目的,但todo,inordertodo的位置既可在句
首,又可在句末;而soastodo只能在句末七.不定式和疑问词连用,可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例:
---Inordertobuildahou,heboughtsomewoodandsteelyesterday.Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer.(表语)
—Heboughtsomewoodandsteelyesterdayinordertobuildahou.Nooneknowshowtodoit.没有人知道如何做这件事。(宾)
---Heboughtsomewoodandsteelyesterdaysoastobuildahou.为了建房,昨天他买来了Ireallydon’tknowwhichonetochoo.(宾)我真的不知道选哪一个。
木料和钢材。Whenandwheretohavethepartyisnotknown.(主语)
B.表结果何时何地举行联欢还不知道。
不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果,不定式的位置一般在句子末尾。*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例:
(1)表示终结性的动词find,e,hear,learn,discover的不定式,常表示出乎意料的结果,并且,Idon’tknowwhattodonext.我不知下一步该做什么?
不定式前常有never,only等副词修饰。如:Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
Ihurriedtotherailwaystationyesterday,(only)tofindthatthetrainhadleft.昨天我急急忙忙
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【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟)A.towriteB.towriteonC.writingD.towriteit
一.选择填空:19.Idon’tknow_______.
1.Heaskedme________hereearlier.A.whatdoB.whatwilldoC.whattodoD.dowhat
A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.came20.Yourradioneeds________.
2.Pleatellhim_______onthewall.A.toberepairedB.torepairC.repairedD.torepairing
A.don’tdrawB.tonotdrawC.nottodrawD.notdraw21.Mywishis________ateacher.
3.Hewanted________acupoftea.A.becomingB.tobecomeC.becomeD.became
A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had22.Iwant________himaletternow.
4.I’dlike________awordwithyou.A.towriteB.notwriteC.writeD.wrote
A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have23.Ittookusthreedays_________thetrees.
5.Icamehere_______myuncle.A.plantB.plantedC.toplantD.plants
A.sawB.toeC.eingD.tobeen24.Whynot________here_______me?
6.Themanrefud(拒绝)________backhiswords.A.tocome,toeB.come,toeC.came,eingD.come,e
A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.takes25.Hewishesme______mybest_________hardatEnglish.
7.Icanletyou________oneticket.A.todo,toworkB.doing,workingC.todo,workingD.do,work
A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had26.Pleatellme________her.Ihavesomething_______her.
8.Weoftenheardhim_________inhisroom.A.wheretofind,tellingB.wheretofind,totell
A.tosingB.singsC.sangD.singC.wherecanfind,totellD.wherefinding,telling
9.Hewasmade________dayandnight.27.Howhappytheyare______eachotheragain!
A.workB.workingC.toworkD.workedA.toeB.eC.sawD.beingen
10.Hestopped______alook,butsawnothing.28.Theydecided(决心)_______aletter______theirthanks.
A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.hadA.towrite,expressing(表达)B.writing,express
11.Myfatherwastooangry_________aword.C.write,expresdD.towrite,toexpress
A.tosayB.nottosayC.tosayingD.didn’tsay29.Theofficerordered(命令)him_______down_________arest.
12.Mybrotherwasoldenough________toschool.A.lying,haveB.tolie,tohaveC.tolie,havingD.lie,had
A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togo30.Theheadmastercalledon(号召)us______hardforourcountry.
13.Itistime________him________supper.A.toworkB.workedC.workD.toworking
A.of,tohaveB.for,tohaveC.of,havingD.for,tohas二.根据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。
14.It’sverykind_______you______me.1.Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayanything.
A.of,tohelpB.for,tohelpC.of,helpD.of,helpingHewastooangry_____________anything.
15.It’simportant_________ourclassroomcleaneveryday.2.Idon’tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.
A.keptB.tokeepC.togiveD.keepIdon’tknowwhen______________themeeting.
16.Beforeliberation(解放)theyhadnochance_______toschool.3.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.
A.wentB.goC.togoD.tobegoneHesaidhewouldhavealetter_____________.
17.Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting________.4.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.
A.attendB.wouldattendC.attendingD.toattendItisveryimportant_____you____________Englishinthemorning.
18.Pleagivemeapieceofpaper________.5.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.(石头)
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Hewasstrong________________thestone.【试题答案】
6.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.一.
HisfatherwenttoBeijing______________hisholiday.1.B2.C3.A4.C5.B6.A
7.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.7.B8.D9.C10.B11.A12.D
Theygotupearly________________________thereintime.13.B14.A15.B16.C17.D18.B
8.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.19.C20.A21.B22.A23.C24.B
Hisbrotherdecided____________thebook.25.A26.B27.A28.D29.B30.A
9.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.二.
Hehopes____________theGreatWall.1.tosay2.tohave3.towrite4.for,to,read
10.Isawhimgointotheroom.5.enough,tolift6.tospend7.in,order,to,get
Hewasen___________intotheroom.8.tobuy9.tovisit10.togo11.towork12.tosay
11.Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.13.todo14.tohear15.tohave16.tolearn(study)
Hewasmade___________fivehoursaday.17.tobuy18.for,tocarry19.tolie20.not,tomake
12.Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourlf?
Doyouhaveanything__________foryourlf?
13.Wedon’tknowwhatweshalldonext.
Wedon’tknowwhat___________next.
14.I’mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.
I’mverysorry____________thebadnews.
15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.
Hestopped___________alookatme.
16.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.
Ihelpedhim___________English.
17.Myfatherpromid(许诺)thathewouldbuymeabike.
Myfatherpromid__________meabike.
18.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.
Theboxistooheavy______me______________.
19.“Liedown!”theboysaidtohisdog.
Theboyorderedhisdog____________down.
20.“Don’tmakeanynoi,”shesaidtome.
Shetoldme_____________________anynoi.
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