常见介词用法.pdf

常见介词的用法
云南省巧家县第二中学(原巧家五中)潘华祥(654600)
介词属虚词,不能单独使用,必须和名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语,在句中做表语,
定语、状语、补语等成分。根据介词的用法,通常可以分为:时间、地点、趋向和其他四
类介词。
一、表示时间的介词
1)、时间三姐妹at,in,on.
①at常用于“在几点几分”如:at7:00am/pm及某些固定法如:atnoon,atnight中;
②in表“在某年、某月、某季节”及泛指“在上午/下午/晚上”如:in2006,insummer,
inthemorning/afternoon/evening,
③on表“在某天及某天的上午/下午/晚上”如:
onSunday,onMay2nd,onMondaymorning,onawarmmorning,onthemorningofJuly1st
2)、时间的前后after,before
Eg.Don’tsaythatbeforeyoulookatthepicture.
Afterfourdays,shecametoadeepriver.
3)、时间的期限by,till/until
Eg.BythetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone.
Iwon’tbefreetill/untilSaturdayafternoon
3)、时间的期限by,till,until
Eg.BythetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone.
Iwon’tbefreetillSaturdayafternoon.
4)、时间的期间for,during
Eg.Florenceoftenworkedfortwenty-fourhourswithoutrest.
Duringthelifetimeofoneman,itoftenhappensalotofthings.
5)、时间的起点from,since
Eg.Theworkerswasmadetoworkfrom7inthemorningto7intheevening.
Sincethattime,myeyeshadneverbeenverygood.
6)、时间的经过in,within
Eg.Iheardthatshewouldbebackinamonth.
Inthisway,themessagewouldbent500kmswithinafewhours.
二、地点和方位的介词
1、里面上面in和on,over,under上下方,at在某一地点上。
2、infrontof前,behind后,inthemiddleof在中央。
3、between两者,among仨,around表示在四方。
4、来自from,朝向to,从中穿过用through,表面跨过用across,沿着----走用along.
5、到上面onto,进里面into,在旁边用beside,在附近用near(by).
三、表示手段和材料等的介词
1)by
Eg.Whatdoyoumeanbythisword?
Iprefertravelingbytrain.
2)with—without
Eg.Thereisacupwiththreelegs.
Youcouldcutitwithaknife.
Iwentshoppingwithmymother.
Shecan’tfinishherhomeworkwithouttheteacher’shelp.
四、其它介词。
1.with(1)在一起;
(2)有;
(3)用某种工具
in用什么材料或语言,或表示衣着,声调特点等
by用…手段
2.like象…一样
as作为;按照,象…一样(连词)+句子
3.for(1)为了(表示目的或原因)
(2)(后面加一段时间)表示时间段
4.against反对except,insteadof
5.about关于
6.动词+介词/副词”短语的区别
•turnon/off/up/down;lookat/for/after/over/up;puton/up/away/down;
beudfor/as/by;bemadeby/in/of/from
例如:
What’sthisinEnglish?
Thegirlalwaystalks_in_atiredvoice.
Theboyinajacketismybrother.
Weareforpeace(和平)againstwar.(战争)
AlltheboysarehereexceptTom.
介词用法口诀(一)
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。
注:①inthemorning/afternoon/eveningintheday
atdawn/daybreak(黎明)atnoonatnightatmidnight
②in2006,inJuly,insummer
③Don'treadindim(暗淡的)light.inthebrightsunlight
thewomaninwhite(black,red,yellow)inbrownshoes
④Theywillcomebackin10days.I'llcomeroundinadayortwo.
We’llbebackinnotime.Comeandemeintwodays’time.
六、在下列情况下,时间状语前不用介词:
1.当时间状语是today,tonight,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday
morning/afternoon/evening,tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening等时。
Shewenttotheparkyesterday.
I’llbefreetomorrowmorning.
2.含有this,that,the,tho,last,next,every,each等的时间状语不用介词。
Wearegoingtoplaybasketballthisafternoon.
IsawhiminthestreetlastSunday.
Mymothergetsupearlyeverymorning.
Weareworkingonthefarmthedays.
3.以all开头的时间状语。如:allday,allweek,allyear等前面不用介词。
Hewasbusyalldayyesterday.
Shewasillinbedallweek.
4.以some,any,one等构成的时间状语前不用介词。
Youwillfeelsorryforitsomeday.
Youcancomeandaskmeanytimeyoulike.
Thishappenedonewintermorning.
•注意:当one变成a时,往往就要用介词on。
•Thishappenedonawinter’smorning.
Exerci:
Fillintheblankswiththerightprepositions
1)Shewasborn_______themorningofApril22,1987.
2)Isthereareportaboutthebadweather_______today’snewspaper?
3)Go_______thebridge,you’llfindthemuumonyourlefthandside.
4)Say“plea!”whenyouask______somebody.
5)_______thetimeIarrived,thetrainhadgone.
6)Wevisitedhimathisworkplace_________theyoungtrees.
7)Theartisthasfinisheddrawingthehor__________fiveminutes.
8)SometimesMarycouldhearplanes_________thetrees.
9)MaLiliargued________herbestfriendyesterday.
10)Thereisawidebridge________theriver.
11)Whywouldyoulikeagirlinstead________aboy.
12)Afterclass,I’llsaysomething________oursummerholiday.
13)Look!Sheisstanding___________thetree.
14)MissZhaohurriedofftolook_________theman.
15)JaneisbehindMary,Maryis_______________Jane.