包装专业英语 lesson 7(2).pdf

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PolymerandPlastic
Plasticandpolymerareoftenudinterchangeably
Lesson7
SmallestrepetitiveunitinapolymerSmallestrepetitiveunitinapolymer
Monomerunitsarejoinedtogethertomakeaalargerpolymermolecule
Butplastictendstobeudtodescribefinishedparts
PlasticinPackagingpolymertendstodescriberawmaterials
Polymerscanbegroupedintotwoclass:
第7课塑料在包装中的应用ThermoplasticandthermotThermoplasticandthermotorcommodityandengineeringpolymerscommodityandengineeringpolymers
日用品
Plastics:1.plastic+s信用卡,塑料件
2.plastics塑料整形外科
Derivedfrompetrochemicals
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PolymerPropertiesDependOn:PolymerPropertiesDependOn:
1.Whatelementsareinthemolecule?(C,H,Clchlorine)3.Isthemoleculepolarornon-polar?
awatermoleculehasonlythreeatomsIt’sdependingontheparticipating参与含有atoms[,sɔlju'biliti]
atypicalmoleculecontainshundredsorthousandsofatomsOfteninfluencemeltingpoint,COF,solubility溶性,barrierproperties
2.Whatsize(molecularweight)isthemolecule?4.Whatshapeisthemolecule?
•Todaytherearehundredofidentified(识别,认明)speciesItwilldeterminehowlargenumbersofthemwillfittogether
||‘spɪːʃɪːz种类ofsyntheticpolymer.
•Anypolymerisavailableinarangeofmolecularmass,mostcanManyphysicalpropertiesareaffectedbythemolecule’sshape
bemodifiedbytheadditionofothermonomersbemodifiedbytheadditionofothermonomers.5Whtiitthlhit?5.Whatisitsthermalhistory?
•Inreality,thechoiceinplasticsisalmostlimitless.
•Propertiessuchasmeltingpoint,stiffnesswillchangeasFinalpropertydependsonit.Changingitchangestheplastic’s
molecularweightchangesperformancecharacteristics
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PolymerPropertiesDependOn:DeformationandThermalHistory
6.Whatisitsmechanicalhistory?Ingeneral,
Aplastic’sfinalpropertiesalsodependonitsmechanicalhistory,Roomtemperaturedeformationis‘permanent.
howitflowedinthemoltenstateandhowitwasstresdwhen
cold.PlasticsstretchedataboutTandcooled
g
slowlyareheatstable.
Becomesoftandpliable易曲折的butdonotmeltflow
PlasticsstretchedataboutTgandcooledquickly
have“memory”andwillshrinkifreheated.
Ofitsoriginaldimensions
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CommonthermoplasticformingmethodsPlasticating(塑炼)Extruder
Thefirsttaskistoheatandmeltthepolymerresinpelletsinto
1.Extrusion(profileextrusion,extrusioncastaflowableform'rezɪn]
Granulesorpellets丸
filmblowfilmextrusioncofilm,blowfilmextrusion,co--extrusion)
2.InjectionmoldingGearreducer进料斗
FeedhopperHeaterbands
3.Extrusionblowmolding挤出吹塑FeedthroatBarrel
4.Injectionblowmolding(includinginjectionExit
stretchblowmolding)stretchblowmolding)注射吹塑port
5.OthermethodsHopperthroatScrew
Inallthermoplasticshapingmethods,theplasticmustfirstbeCoolingjacket
Variablespeedmotor
heatedtoapointwherethematerialhasaplasticity,orfluidity.
cm.sdu.edu/dplab[flu:'iditi]7/43cm.sdu.edu/dplab冷却套管Fig.7.28/43
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ProfileExtrusionCastFilm流延薄膜andSheetExtrusion
Ashapeofconstantcross-ctioncanbeextrudedSheetextrusionisanapplicationofprofileextrusion
butusingadiewithaslotorifice
Extruder
Extrusion
Die
AdjustablePressure
(Restrictor)Bar
TubeAdjustable
限流器DieLips
ExtruderTubedieMandrel心轴
cm.sdu.edu/dplabFig.7.39/43cm.sdu.edu/dplab10/43
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ExtrusionCastFilmLineLayoutCastFilm流延薄膜andSheetExtrusion
•Sheetextrusionisanapplicationofprofileextrusionbutusinga
diewithaslotorifice
ExtrusiondieChillrollMaterialroll•Thedieshaveanarrowopeningbetweenthedielipsthrough
whichthepplasticmeltixtrudedinathinfilm
•Thefilmisimmediatelycooledandsolidifiedonchillrolls
•Thediescanbeveralmetreslong
Extruder•Dependingonthickness,theendproductmaybecalledfilmor
sheet.There’snocleardivisionbetweenthetwo
•Filmproductformedbythisprocessisreferredtoascastfilm
ExtrusiondieChillrollMaterialroll
EdgetrimmerEdgetrimmer
Fig.4Generallayoutofacast-filmextrusionlineExtruder
ThefilmisimmediatelycooledandsolidifiedonchillrollsEdgetrimmer
cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumFig.7.411/43cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theum12/43
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BlownFilm吹塑薄膜LineWithSlitterBlown-filmDieCross-Section
展平辊
UpperniprollsBubbleconstantlypulledup
收缩Bubble
CoCollapsingllapsingfrframeameFtliFrostline霜线
CoolingairCoolingair
Plasticfilmbubble纵切机Dielipadjustingbolts
SlitterDualrollDiecore
InternalbubblecoolingwinderDieBody
Airring复卷机
CircularPlasticfromextruder
Extruderdie
Blow-upairinlet
Plasticfilmcanalsobemanufacturedbyextrudingthepolymerthrougha
circulardieintoaclodcircularbubbleandexpandingthebubblewithairThedieisoftenrotated
cm.sdu.edu/dplabFig.7.513/43cm.sdu.edu/dplab14/43
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BlownFilmLinewithDie&BubbleMachineDirectionOrientation
Thepropertiesofcastandblownfilmcanbeimproved
byorientingthepolymermolecules
CastsheetisorientedinthemachinedirectionbyCastsheetisorientedinthemachinedirectionby
beingpulledawayfasterthanitixtruded.Thisisusually
accomplishedbypassingthecastfilmthroughariesofrolls
Eachrollrotatingprogressivelyfasterthanthepreviousone
FromextruderFig.7.8
castingrolls
Rotationx1x2x3X4
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CrossDirectionOrientationThree-layerExtrusionBlowMold
Cut-awayviewfilmbubble
ExtrusionDie
Extrudermaterial1
流延CastingRollsmaterial2
material3
张夹TenterClipsAnnealingZone
Crossortransverdirectionorientation
isdoneinatenterframe拉幅机,whichstretchesthe
filminthetransverdirection
cm.sdu.edu/dplabFig.7.617/43cm.sdu.edu/dplab18/43
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Three-LayerCo-extrusionInjectionMolding注塑
往复的
Bothcast-andblown-filmextrusiondiescanbe
Designedtobefedfrommorethanoneextruder,
thusproducingasheetcompodof2ormore
materials
Extruder#1移动螺杆式
Ram-screwtype
Material#1
Extruder#2Material#2
Material#3
Extruder#3Usapowerfulextruderwiththecapabilitytoinjectapreciamountofresin
Aco-extrusion,slot-orificecastfilmdieintoafullyenclodmold.ˋrɛzn
cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumFig.7.719/43cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumFig.7.820/43
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InjectionMoldingMachineThree-PlateInjectionMold
Feed
Extruderhopper
Moldbarrel
location
主流道
Extrudersaresizedbytheirclampingcapacity
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PartsWithAttachedRunnersPlasticShrinkageandSinkMarks
Sinkmark缩痕
Thedistancebetweenthe
sprueandthegatemustbeXShrinkage=fx
exactlthftlythesameforevery
cavity3x4xShrinkage=4fx
IntendeddesignActualpartproduced
MostcommonlycanbeenoppositeclosurethreadsMostcommonlycanbeenoppositeclosurethreads
9
Sinkmarksovercupflangecancaualingproblems
cm.sdu.edu/dplab23/43cm.sdu.edu/dplabFig.7.1624/43
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MoldingUndercuts倒扣InjectionMoldingUndercuts
支座Mainbodyring
PedestalBodyplug
plug
Gate
Pedestalring
基架,基础,座halves
||'pedɪstl]
cm.sdu.edu/dplab座圈,封圈Fig.7.1525/43cm.sdu.edu/dplab26/43
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Bottle-MakingTerminologyExtrusionBlowMold挤出吹塑
镶块
Finish:ThatpartofabottleorjarthatacceptsNeckringinrt
theclosureMoldguide
pins
Parison:Aninitialshapethatwillbeexpandedintoa
bottleorjarinacondstepCooling
channels
Preform:DescribestheparisonwhenusinginjectionMoldcavity
blow-moldingg切断
掐掉Pinch-offinrt
Moyle:Thepinch-offtrimpiecefromanextrusion
blow-moldedbottle十字镐鹤嘴Flashpocket
飞边毛剌
cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theum27/43cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumFig.7.2028/43
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ExtrusionBlowMoldExtrusionBlowMolding(EBM)挤出吹塑
1111
21.Neck-ringinrt
2
2.Coolingwaterports
3.Cut-offinrt
33
cm.sdu.edu/dplab29/43Rcm.sdu.edu/dplabFig.7.1830/43
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UntrimmedEBMPPBottleParisonExpansion&WallThickness
Initialparisonexpansioniqualinalldirectionswallthickness
11.Finishtrim
Parisoncontinuesstretchingaftertheparisoncenterfreezes
22.Handleknock-out
移出,敲出Expandingparisonfreezesthemoment
ittouchesthechilledmoldwall
PiihifhifParisoncontinuesstretchingaftertheparisoncenterfreezes
3Asaresult,cornerwallthicknessissignificantlyreduced
3.Tailorpinch-offtrim
cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theum31/43Rcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumFigure7.2432/43
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ParisonsandBottleWallThicknessProgrammableParisons
Variableopening
controlsparison-wall
thickness
Uniform-WalledParisonProgramedParison
cm.sdu.edu/dplabFig.7.2233/43cm.sdu.edu/dplabFig.7.2334/43
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ExamplesofCoextrudedBottlesInjection-BlowMolding(IBM)
1&2Reducedpigment(颜料)oninnerlayerPreformcarried
overoncorepin
3ThreelayerbottlewithU.V.barriercentrallayerAir
Injection
mold
BlowmoldPreformexpanded
openclodtoblowmold
123
cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theum35/43Rcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumFig.7.2336/43
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Injection-BlowMoldingMachineInjection-BlowMoldingMachine
Blowposition
Blowmold
剥离
StripperplaterotatingPreforms
CorerodtableInjectionmold
StripInjectionExtruder
positionposition
cm.sdu.edu/dplabFig.7.2737/43cm.sdu.edu/dplab38/43
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IBMPreformsandContainerInjection-StretchBlowMolding(ISBM)
PreformandcorepinCorepinmovesdown,Preformblownto
clampedinblowmoldstretchingpreformcontainershape
cm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theum39/43Rcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumcm.sdu.edu/dplabwww.theumFig.7.2840/43
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ISBMPreformsandSodaBottlesPropertiesImpod施加byMolding
cm.sdu.edu/dplab41