非谓语动词小结x

非谓语动词小结
非谓语动词包括不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
一.不定式:不定式有两种,带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。
1.不定式作主语。不定式可以作主语。但常用It作形式主语,后面的真主有两种todosth./forsb.todosth.
常见句型为:lt+be+形容词/名词+不定式(但在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后不用for而用of)o
Toleanoutof(身体探出)thewindowisdangerous.
ItisufultostudyEsgIishwell.
Itisveryimportantforustoprotectthnenvironment.
Itwon'tbeeasyforyoutofindanewjob.
Ifssogood(nice)totalkt。you.
Isiteasytolearnaforeignlanguage?
lt"sagoodhabittoeatslowly.
It'sanhonourtomeetyou.
Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.
Itisverycleverofyoutodolikethat.
.不定式作宾语。
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
.动名词作表语。主语通常是job,interest,hobby,duty等表示“类”概念的词时,主表可颠倒。与不定式作表语的区别,不定式表示未来动作,动名词表示既定事实。
①Hishobbyispainting<
=Paintingishishobby.
②HerjobisteachingEnglish.
③Herfavoritesportisskiing,
④SeeingisbeIieving.(谚)眼见为实。
4.动名词作定语。与现在分词作定语的区别:但凡表功能性的,能用for解释清楚的是动名词。
asIeepingboy
asIeepingcar(=ThecarisforsIeepinge)
sIeepingbagswimmingpoolswimmingsuitwritingtablewritingpaperwashingmachinefishingpoledrinkingwaterareadingroomtheteachingmethodsparkingIot(space)fillingstation(加油站)
现在分词作定语动名词作定语
flyingsauces(飞碟)flyingsuit
sIespingbeautysIeepiegpills
thewaitingcrowd(人群)thewaitingroomawalkingdictionary
awalkingstick
runningwaterrunningtrack(跑道)
alivingIanguagelivingstandard(生活水平)三.现在分词和过去分词。现在分词和过去分词都有形容词的性质,都可以作定语,状语,表语和宾补。
.现在分词和过去分词作定语。现在分词和过去分词作定语,通常情况是一个词放前头,一个短语放后头。放后头的都可以改成后置的定语从句。
⑴放前头的现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别:
adevelopingcountryadeveIopedcountry(或表完成或表被动)
afallingleafafallenleaf
therisingsuntherinsun
⑵放前头的现在分词作定语:
livingthingstheIivinggeneration(在成长的一^弋)
③aboomingtown(日渐繁荣的城市)④increasingdemand(日益增长的需求)
It'sthemostexcitingnewsI'vehadatiringday.
(令人困倦的,使人疲劳的,累人的一天)
agood-1ookingwoman
aneasy-goingman
ahard-workingteachingfrozenfoodsmokedfishfriedeggsdriedfruit
frozenfoodsmokedfishfriedeggsdriedfruit
⑶放前头的过去分词作定语:
abrokenheartalostdog
apoIIutedriveraudcarreturnedstudents
aweII-dresdwomen
hand-nadegoodsair-conditionedrooms(4)放后头的现在分词短语作定语:
©DoyouknowthegirIstanding(=whoisstanding)underthrtree?
②Whoisthewomantalking(=thatistalking)toJim?
③Therewere220chiIdrenstudying(=whoweretalking)inthnartschool.
©Thereareafewboysswimming(=whoareswimming)inthestream.(小溪)
Thereisacarwaiting(=whichiswaiting)outside,⑥ThegirIsitting(=whowassitting)nexttomewasmycousin.
⑦Thereisabuscoming(=whichiscoming)up.
注意一:间或跟在名词后面的也可能是一个单一的现在分词,而不是短语。
eg:HewaswokenupbyabeIIringing(=whichwasringing)•⑸放后头的过去分词短语作定语:
①Thebookborrowed(=that/whichisborrowed)yesterdayisveryinteresting.
②IsthereanythingpIanned(=whichwaspIanned)fortonight?
③Suddenlythereappearedayoungwomandresd(=whowasdresd)ingrasn.
④What'stheIanguagespoken仁thatisspoken)inthatcountry?
注意二:间或跟在名词后面的也可能是一个单一的过去分词,而不是短语。
①Doyouknowthenumberofbooksordered(=whichwereordered)?
②Isthereanybodyinjured(=whowasinjured)?
(受伤)
③SheIikedalIthecoursoffered(=whichwereoffered).
她对所开的课程都很喜欢。
***@Howmuchtimeisthereleft?
eg:Atleast300millionpeopIeareusingQQbyMaHuatengtochatonIine.
A.createB.createsC.creatingD.create注意三:现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别。
(见动名词局部)在分词和过去分词作状语。现在分词和过去分词都可以作伴随状语。现在分词作伴随状语与主语是一致的;过去分词作伴随状语与主语是被动关系。
(1)Tomenteredthehall,followedbyhisfather.followinghisfather.
(2)Thestudentscameintotheclassroom9singinglaughingandtalking.
(3)Hesatatthetable,readingthanewspaper.
(4)WespentaIIdaylookingforyou.
(5)Hestoodtherefortwohourswatchingthegare.
(6)Theboycamerunningintothehou.
(7)Shewaslyinginbedcrying.
(8)Shewasinthekitchenpreparingsupper.
(9)FollowingTom,theystaredtoclimb.
(10)TravelIingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.
(H)Pleafillinthisform,givingyourname,address,
etc.
(12)1gothome,feeIingverytired.
①Abitfrightened,Ihandedittoher.
我略带惊恐地把它递给了她。
②Theycamein,followedbytheirwives.
他们走了进来,妻子们跟随在后。
③Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.
由于旅途劳顿,他很快就睡着了。
④Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.
(壮观)Givengoodhealth,I
Givengoodhealth,I
hopetofinishtheworkthis
year.
⑥Sheentered,accompanied(陪伴)byhermother.
在分词和过去分词作表语。主语无论是人或物,但凡表示“令人…”的,常用现在分词作表语;但凡表示“人感到…”的,常用过去分词作表语。(sth.作主语时多为“令
人…”的。sb.作主语时多为“人感到…”的。)⑴Ifsamazing(令人惊奇)thatyoushouIdknowthat.
⑵Thebookwasrather血Jj2s•那本书相当枯燥无味。
⑶Thedaywassocharming(迷人的).天气好极了。
Thiswasverydisappointing(令人失望).
Thenewswancoueaging(令人鼓舞).
Thetestresultshavebeenverydiscouraging(令人沮丧).
Skiingismoreexcitingthanskating.
Hisconcernforhismother
ismosttouching.
他对母亲的关爱很感人。
Hewasveryamusing.他很有趣。
SheisaIwaysveryobiiging.她总是乐于助人。
Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.
她的外貌很招人喜欢。
Shefeltconfud,evenfrightened.
她总感到困惑不解,甚至很惊恐。
TheywereverypIeadwiththegirl.
Pmdisappointedwithyou.
Hewasastoeishsd(吃惊)toehisfather.
PmafraidPmsIightIydrunk.可能我有一直醉了。
Personally,I'mextremelysatisfied.
就我个人来说,我感到及为满意。
Iwastouchedbyhissincerity.
她的诚恳使我很感动。
eg:(1)Englishisinteresting.
I'minterestedinEngIish.
ThefootbaIImatchisveryexciting.
We'realIexcitedatit.
Afteraclimb,wewerealIout.(tired)Whatnews!I'mreaIIy(disappoint).
NotalIhisstorieswere,butwewerebymostofthem,(encourage)ThechiIdrendidnotemtobebythebigFirethoughitwasvery.(frighten)
比拟:be+表语结构(表示状态)be+被动结构(表示动作)①Thewindowisbroken.
ItwasbrokenbyTim.
②Theshopisclodnow.
It2susuallycIodat8o'clock.
③ThetownissurroundedbyhiIIs.该城四面环山。
Soontheywer。surroundedbythepoIice.
④Hewas/iswoundedintheleg.他腿受了伤。
TheywerewoundedduringthebattIe.(战斗)
•Theroomis/wasderted.房间里空无一^人。
Shehasbeendertedbyherhusband.
她被丈夫遗弃了。
⑥ThenewraiIwayjsnotcompIetndyet.
新的铁路还没建成。
IflIbecompletednextspring.它将于明年春天建成。
4.现在分词和过去分词作宾补。现在分词作宾补表过程。
(注意:主动语态中的宾补就是被动语态中的主补。)
Iehimpassingmyhoueveryday.
Shewatchedthekidsplayingintheyard.
⑶Shecaught(撞见)themsteaIingherapples.
(=TheywerecaughtsteaIiegherapplesbyher.)
Ifoundamanstandiegatthedoor.
(=Amanwasfoundstandingatthedoor.)
Icouldfeelthewindblowingonmyface.
Shenoticedhimcarryingabag.
IsmeIIsomethingburning.
ShesoonhadthemalIlaughing.
Don'tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.
IIistenedtothebandplayinginthepark.
Justlookattherainpouringdown.
比照:省略to的不定式作宾补表结果。