非谓语动词讲解(超全)x

非谓语动词非谓语动词a动词不定式b.动名词c.分词(现在分词过去分词)
概述:1.谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词
.
.非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分
指出以下句子中非谓语动词的成分
?1,Toeistobelieve.2,Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.
?3,Hewantedtogo4,IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.
?5,Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.6,Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.
?7,Icameheretoeyou.8,Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.
?9,Layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull-timejob.1OJtisnouarguingwithhim.
?11,Heijobisteaching.12.Hehadhisclotheswashed.
?13,Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.14,Themanstandingbythewindowisourteacher.
?15,Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.16,Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.
?17,Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.18,Thenewsisinspiring.
非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。
***@Theproblemneeds_workingout_(workout).
(5)Thequestioniswellworth_discussing(discuss)d)动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示****惯性动作”,后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在should,would之后时,只跟不定式。例如:
Ihkeswimmin^^utldon'tixketoswimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouhketoeattonight?
动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复
合结构或动名词短语a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如:
Nixon'svisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations,尼克松访问中国标志着
中美外交关系进入一个新的时代Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.
b.在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如:Thedoctordoesnotmindee/myoatingalittlenie/toccasionally.
分词
(一)分词的作用现在分词表示:主动,动作正在进行。过去分词表示:被动,动作已经完成。
L作定语
Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?
HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?
.作表语
Weareexcitedatthenews.
Thenewshetoldusixciting.
.作宾语补足语
Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.
Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.
.作状语
Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.
Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautifuL分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,否那么分词前面必须有自己的主语。现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成
l.(Seeing/en)fromthetopofthetower,wecaneabeautifulfactory.
(Seeing/en)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautifuL2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn,thelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)
3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)4Jstoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.?
Beingsoangry.hecouldn'tgotosleep.(Becauhewassoangry)77zeycameintotheclassroom,s比g比力2g.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)
7b5ervethepeoplewell,/studyhard.(Inordertorvethepeoplewell)
(二)分词的时态
现在分词分一般式和完成式,而过去分词那么没有时态形式的变化。
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生,或在谓语动词之前发生。例如:
Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.
现在分词的完成时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如:
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
(三)现在分词的被动式
被动一般式beingdone被动完成式havingbeendone
Thisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.
Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.
(四)分词的否认形式
分词的否认式,由not十分词构成,例如:
Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.
Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblemjwenttotheteacherforhelp.
(五)分词独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构,在句法功能上起状语作用。例如:
Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuum.
Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.
Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.
Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeiijourney.
Shestoodthere,bookinhand.
Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.
由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如:
Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读,他经常学****到深夜。
with+复合宾语结构
with+名词/代词+形容词Don^speakwithyourmouthfull.
with+名词/代词+副词Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwiththelightson.
with+名词/代词+介词短语Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.
with+名词/代词+-ing分词Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.
Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.
with+名词/代词+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.
with+名词/代词+-en分词Withhismatterttled,welefttheroom.
[2012全国卷II]lO.Tonylentmethemoney,thatl'ddoasmuchforhim.
A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped【答案】A
[2012全国卷II]15.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyanythingthathappenedtobeon.
A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched【答案】A
[2012安徽】24.Irememberedthedoorbeforellefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.
A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked【答案】B
[2012安徽】30.Whenforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.
A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeasked【答案】B
[2012重庆】23.toworkovertimethatevening,Imisdawonderfulfilm.
A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked【答案】A
[2012atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompa
atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompa
28.We'rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionny.
A.tobemadeB.beingmade
C.madeD.havingbeenmade
【答案】A
[2012全国】28.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather^
A.permittingB.topermit
C.permittedD.permit
【答案】A
[2012全国132.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.
A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingto
C.comparetoD.comparedto
【答案】D[2012北京】
[2012北京】
23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand
them.
A.corrects
B.correctC.tocorrect
D.correcting
【答案】D[2012北京】
[2012北京】
27.
withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.
A.U
B.Using
C.Ud
D.Tou
【答案】C[2012北京】
[2012北京】
31.
atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,plea.
A.Knock
B.Knocking
C.Knocked
D.Toknock
【答案】A2012
28.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanlslandtopreventChinefishingboatsfrom—intheSouthChinaSea.
A.attackingB.havingattacking
C.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked
【答案】C[2012福建】
Presdfromhisparents,andthathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.
A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized
【答案】A
[2012陕西】15.inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.
A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand
【答案】A
[2012陕西】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchallenge.
A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet
【答案】D
[2012山东126.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.
A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told
【答案】A
[2012山东】35.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleareturntheformtousintheenvelope.
A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide
【答案】B
[2012>胡南]21.We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstoachievethefinalsuccess.
A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo
【答案】C
[2012湖南】23.Time,correctly,ismoneyinthebank.
A.touB.udC.usingD.u
【答案】B[2012湖南】
Thelecture,at7:OOpmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobrvationofthemoonwithtelescopes.
A.startingB.beingstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted
【答案】A
[2012天津111.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,thebreakfastuntouched.
A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft
【答案】C
[2012江西133.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.
A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken
【答案】C
[2012江西】35.Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauheshowedmetheofficialletterhimit.
A.offeredB.offeringC.toofferD.tobeoffered
【答案】B
[2012辽宁】25.Theo1dcoup1eoftentakeawalkaftersuperintheparkwiththeirpetdog.
A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows
【答案】B
[2012辽宁】29.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouitinafewminutes.
A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate
【答案】D
[2012四川】6.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlyhisplanehighupinthesky.
A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound
【答案】B
[2012四川】8.Ilookedupandnoticedasnakeitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.
A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound
【答案】C
[2012四/I】12.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar.
A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash
【答案】A
[2012浙江】3.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit?sbettersilent.
A.remainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain
【答案】I)
[2012浙江】8.IthinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldeitherstudyregularlyorhisjob.
A.quitsB.toquitC.quittingD.quit
【答案】D
【2012浙江】11.“It'ssuchaniceplace,Mothersaidasshesatatthetableforcustomers.
A.toberervedB.havingrervedC.rervingD.rerved
【答案】D
【2012江苏】31.animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonorlater.
A.BadB.BasingC.BaD.Toba
【答案】B
intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren,sloveofart.
A.TofoundB.Founding
C.FoundedD.HavingfoundedLionelMessi,therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear
isconsideredthemosttaientedfootballplayerinEurope.
A.tB.ttingC.totD.havingt
Therearesomehealthproblemsthat,whenintime,canbecomebiggeroneslateron.
A.nottreatedB.notbeingtreatedC.nottobetreatedD.nothavingbeentreated
whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.
A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NotknownD.Knownnot
Theairportnextyearwi1Ihelppromotetourisminthisarea.
A.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.havingbeencompleted
Letthoinneedthatwewi1Igoallouttohelpthem.
A.tounderstandB.understandC.understanding
C.understanding
D.understood
Thewitnessbythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.
A.questionedB.
C.tobequestionedD.
Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,
A.caughtB.
C.tocatchD.
Volunteeringgivesyouachance
A.changeB.
C.changedD.
beingquestioned
havingquestioned
the7:30trainfromPaddington
tohavecaught
havingcaught
lives,includingyourown.
changing
tochange[来源:学科网ZXXK]
thecourverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.
A.FindB.FindingC.TofindD.Found
.答案C解析句意为:这所学校创立于20世纪早期,它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。theschool与found之间构成被动关系,故应用过去分词表被动。
.答案D解析考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为:在一个日历年度创下了最多的进球纪录,莱昂内尔•梅西被认为是欧洲最有才华的足球运发动。由句意知,“创纪录”在先,“被认为是最有才华的足球运发动”在后,故用现在分词的完成时。
.答案A解析句意为:有些健康问题,如果不及时处理,以后会变得更严重。whennottreatedintime为插入语,在本句中为时间状语从句,把thatcanbecomebiggeroneslateron这个定语从句给隔开了。when引导时间状语从句时,可以出现省略的现象,但必须满足两个条件:首先,时间状语从句中的主语必须和主句主语一致;其次,从句中含有be动词。本句补充完整的状语从句为:whentheyarenottreatedintime,其他选项形式不对。故答案为A项。
.答案A解析句意为:因为不知道该上哪所大学,女孩求助于老师。句子主语thegirl和动词know之间是主谓关系,所以应该用动词-ing形式作状语,而动词-ing形式的否认式是在其前加not,所以选A,从而排除B和表示动宾关系的C和D。
.答案B解析句意为:明年将要竣工的机场将有助于促进这个地区旅游业的开展。此题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。
由nextyear知机场将要竣工而不是正在竣工,也不是已竣工,应选B项。
.答案B解析句意为:要让那些需要帮助的人认识到我们会全力以赴地帮助他们。let后跟不带to的不定式。
.答案A解析句意为:刚被警察询问过的目击者们对这场打斗描述得截然不同。目击者应当是被询问,故D项排除。选项A“询问过的”;选项B“正在被询问的“;选项C“将要被询问的”。
.答案D解析句意为:因为赶上了来自帕丁顿的7:30的火车,那天我很早就到达了办公室。此处为现在分词短语作原因状语,因为catch这一动作发生在谓语gott。之前,故用现在分词的完成时。