非谓语动词过去分词x

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(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规那么动词由动词原形加词尾・ed构成。不规那么动词的过去分词没有统一的规那么要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
.过去分词作定语:
OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Thoascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.中选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的O.过去分词作表语:
Thewindowis.窗户破了。
Theywereatthesadsight•他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be+过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
Thewindowisbroken.(系表)Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.(被动)
thechangedworld(变了的世界)练****br/>.moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.Giving.ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeign
languagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.tobewrittenB.writtenC.beingwrittenD.havingwritten.Themissingboyswerelastenneartheriver.
A.toplayB.playC.tobeplayingD.playingnthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
A.ToloB.LostC.HavinglostD.Losing.Whenpassingmehepretendedme.
A.toeB.nothavingenC.tohavenotenD.nottohaveen
.Thechildreninsistedthereonfoot.
A.theygoingB.theywouldgoC.ontheirgoingD.going.HestillrememberstoShanghaiwhenhewasvery
young.
A.takingB.beingtakenC.takenD.havingtaken.therailwaystation,wehadabreak,onlythe
trainhadleft.
A.Arrivingat;tofindBingto;discoveringthat
C.Onarrivingat;findingoutD.Hurryingto;tohavefoundout
.Withtheboytheway,wehadnotroublethewaytoZhongshanPark.
A.leading;finding;leadingB.tolead;found;toleadC.led;finding;ledD.leading;found;led
这类过去分词有:gone,come,fallen,rin,changed,arrived,returned,pasd等。
.过去分词作宾语补足语:
Iheardthesongveraltimeslastweek.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
Withthework,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
.过去分词作状语:
bytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)Once,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
moretime,111beabletodoitbetter,如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)Thoughofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosave
theboy.虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)withhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.心'中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。
10.thepictures,!couldn'thelpthinkingofthodayswhenIwasinBeingandfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmorebeautiful.
A.Seeing;enB.Seen;eingC.Seeing;eingD.Seen;en11.1canhardlyimaginePeteracrosstheAtlantic
Oceaninfivedays.
A.tohavesailedB.tosailC.sailingD.sail2.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheairagainstyourface.
A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove3.isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanand
powerfulcountryin20or30years'time.
A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.lt;advancing.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpinto
buyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.
A.persuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded.Therewasterriblenoithesuddenburstoflight.
A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed.Pleaexcumyinwithout.
Ae;permittedBing;permittedCimg;beingpermittedD.tocome;beingpermitted.hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeetingthen.
A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Having
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held;heldD.Held;tobeheld.Didyouhearherthispopsongthistimethe
otherday?
Yes,andIheardthissonginEnglish.
A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung19.Thequestionnowatthemeetingisnotthequestionyesterday.
A.discusd;discusdB.discussing;haddiscusdC.beingdiscusd;discusdD.discussing;discussing2O.Withthecooking,1wentonsomewing.
A.done;todoB.beingdone;doingC.tobedone;doingD.tohavedone;doingtisnouyourpastmistakes.
A.regrettingB.regretC.toregretD.regretted22.Herhusbanddiedin1980andhadnothingto
her,onlyherfivechildren.
A.left;toleaveB.leaving;leavingC.leaving;leftD.left;leaving23.1amverybusy.lhaveaverydifficultproblem.
A.toworkB.toworkoutC.tobeworkedoutD.toworkitout24.1wouldappreciatebackthisaffernoon.
A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you,recalling25.Climbingmountainswas,soweallfelt.
A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired
26.1sawsomevillagersonthebenchattheendofthe
room.
A.atingB.atC.atedD.atedthemlves27.Shewasgladtoeherchildwellcareof.
A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking28.ltisoneoftheimportantproblemstomorrow.
A.tosolveB.tobesolvedC.solvedD.solving29.mapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.A.DrawnB.DrawingC.TodrawD.Bedrawing3O.Thereisariveraroundourschool.
A.torunB.runC.runningD.toberunning31.Howaboutthetwoofusawalkdownthegarden?
A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaken1wasfortunatetopickupawalletontheground
onthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyformejfoundmycolourTVt.whenIgothome.
A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing33.Whththekind-heartedboymewithmywork」'msureI'IIbeabletosparetimewithyourwork.
A.tohelp;helpyououtB.helping;helpingyouC.helped;tohelpyououtD.tohelp;tohelpyou.Greatlymoveddbyherwords,.
A.tearscametohiyesB.hecouldhardlyholdbackhistearsC.tearscouldhardlybeheldbackD.hiyeswerefilledwithtears.
.1hopethechildrenwon'ttouchthedog.
1,vewarnedthem.
A.notB.nottoC.nottouchD.notdo36.1wouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadto
workextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone37.Whenwhyhewalkedinwithoutpermission,hejuststaredatusandsaidnothing.
A.beenaskedB.askedC.askingD.tobeasked38.Themankeptsilentintheroomunless.
A.spokentoB.spoketoC.spokenD.tospeak39.Hewasoftenlistenedinthenextroom.
A.singB.sungC.tosingD.totosing40.Ratherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers
abicycle.
A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding41.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto42.What,stroublingtheminoughexperienced
workers.
A.thattheyhavetoB.theyhavenotC.theirnothavingD.nottheirhaving43.histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.
A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknow
44.Bambooisudhousinsomeplaces.
A.tobuildB.tobuildingC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt45.Goontheotherexerciafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
A.todoB.doingC.withD.tobedoing46.Thedaywelookedforwardto.
AeBingC.hascomeD.havecome47.Whomwouldyouratherthework?
A.tohavetodoB.tohavedoC.havetodoD.havedo48.Doyouthinkitanygoodwithhimagain?
A.totalkB.talkingC.totalkingD.havingtalked49.Sometimesnewideashavetobetestedmanytimesbefore.
A.acceptingfullyB.beingfullyacceptedC.fullyacceptingD.fullybeingaccepted5O.Thegovernmentforbidssuchbadbooks.
A.publishedB.topublishC.publishD.publishing考前须知.“to”是不定式符号还是介词,以下短语中的to都是介词。
agreetoobjecttocloto,cometo,leadto,referto,equalto,familiarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,
bikanghong
nextto,belongto,beudto,lookforwardto.带to还是不带to
IhavenochoicebuttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgiveinIsawhimentertheclassroom.
(但是:Hewasentoentertheclassroom.)3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for作为标记的。但是有时用of.
It'snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.
It'sfoolishofhimtodoit.
与of连用的形容词有:good,kind,nice,wi‘clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promi,teach,refu,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choo,expectetc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而耍用it做形式宾语。例如:通常不说Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而说Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.
5.不定式的省略。以下短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到tOO
wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto/tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,udto,beableto6.不定式作定语,应注意两种关系:1)动宾关系:
Hehasalotofmeetingtoattend.
Plealendmesomethingtowritewith.
Heislookingforaroomtolive
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).
Ithinkthebestwaytotravel(by)isonfoot.
Thereisnotimetothink(about).
2)主谓关系:
Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.
----rmgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(逻辑主语是I)
Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow(逻辑主语不是I).不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义:
1)原因
Heisluckytogethereontime.
这种结构中常用的形容词有:happy,glad,delighted,plead,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprid,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy
2)目的
Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.
3)结果
Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
.不定式作补足语Isawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.
能跟不带to的不定式作补足语的动词有:e,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,obrve,notice注:当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to,如:Hewasentoplayinthestreetjustnow.
—・动名词There'snotellingwhatwillhappen.二It'simpossibletotellwhatwillhappen.=Noonecantellwhatwillhappen.
It'snoutalkingwithhim.
It'snogoodspeakingtothemlikethat.
There'ssomedifficulty(in)doing・・・在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下单词替换:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime注意以下几个问题:
1.以下动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别,forgettodo・・・forgetdoing***remembertodo---rememberdoingmeantodomeandoing…regrettodo•••regretdoing・・・can'thelptodocan'thelpdoing…
trytodo.・・trydoinglearntodo・・・learndoing・・・stoptodo・・・stopdoing•・•goontodo…goondoing・・・udtodo・・・beudtodoing・・・2.动名词的逻辑主语:
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如:Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.
.动名词的语态和时态.动名词主动形式表被动的情况:
needdoing,wantdoing,requiredoing
例如:Thisroomneeds.这个房间需要粉刷。三.分词
Thestoryis.Tminit.
这个故事有兴趣,我对这个故事感兴趣。
.Thisisamovingfilm.这是一部动人的电影。
.Thecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.秘廿工作到深夜,为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
.moretime,TIIdoitwell.如果给我多一点时间,我会做的更好。
Whenhepasdthebackofthestreet,hesawthethief
bikanghong
somemoneyfromthebank.当他后街时,看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
应注意的几个问题:
.现在分词与过去分词的区别
DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?
=Doyouknowthewoman?
Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.二Thesoldierhasbecomeadoctor.
ChinaisacountryandAmericaisacountry.
.分词作表语
Thenewssounds.
Theygotvery.
1)现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别:Thenewsis.
Heisinthenews.
2)表语与被动式的区别:
TheblackboardwasbrokenbyXiaoMing.(强调动作)Theblackboardisbroken.You'dbetterhaveitrepaired.(强调状态)
.现在分词、现在进行时的区别
Thesituationinourcountryincouraging.(表语)Thesituationinourcountryincouragingthepeople.
(现在进行时).注意的四种结构:
havesomethingtodohavesomethingdonehavesomebodydosomethinghavesomethingdoing.需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词:at,prepare,hide,dress如:Iatedmylfonthechair.
Iwasatedonthechair.
.分词做状语与不定式的区别:
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等;而不定式表示目的和结果。
Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.
BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.
GivenmoretimeJcandomyworkbetter.
Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.
Togetmoreknowledge,wemustworkharderandharder.
Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.
.不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别:
Ihaveaproblemtobediscusdatthemeeting
ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuum.
Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系Seeingfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.()Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.()Seeing与thecity不是主谓关系;en与city是动宾关系练****I.单项选择
.Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting.manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.
A.HavingbeingtoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold
Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrockbythesideofthepath.
A.tohaverestedB.testingC.torestD.restThenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,dead.
A.lyingB.lieC.layD.layingThepurpoofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.
A.tomakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.tonotmake.TheOlympicGames,in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplaysuntil1912.
A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiobjectionsatthemeeting.
--Well,nowIregretthat.
A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone.ThevisitingMinisterexpresdhissatisfactionwithtalks,thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.
A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added.areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.
HavingnotreceivedlO.Thespeakerraidhisvoice,buthestillcouldn'tmakehimlf.
A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard
II.用动词的正确形式填空LittleTomshouldlove(take)tothetheatrethivening.
Pauldoesn't