托福考试口语备考：新托福口语解码（下）

第2页/总页数8页
托福考试口语备考:新托福口语解码(下)
对于绝大多数中国考生而言,PrentationSkills的缺乏势必导致两大误区:
第一大误区是先Beataroundthebush,再渐渐切入正题,最后才做出较为精准的总结。这显然与以汉语为母语的语言交流****惯有关,这在平时的一般交流中或许不那么致命,甚至有些英语为母语的人平时讲话也有这种****惯,但是在一分钟甚至是45秒的答题时间里这样做,就无异于浪费宝贵的答题时间,将60秒或45秒的可用来得分的空间缩小到30秒甚至是20秒,使整个答案的质量大打折扣。
第二大误区是毫无计划地想到哪,说到哪,甚至中途改变主意,否定前面所说内容,做出一个自相矛盾的答案。对于ETS的命题者来说,这两种误区都恰恰暴露了中国学生没有受过系统的Prentation训练的弱点。要知道,在西方特别是北美,这是一项从中小学就开始注重培养的跨学科的综合技能。
那么怎样才可以避免以上两种误区呢?下面就结合新托福口语的三大题型分别作以解析:
一。独立回答题:
Describeaclassyouhavetakeninschoolandexplainwhytheclasswasimportanttoyou.Includedetailsandexamplestosupportyourexplanation.
Preparationtime:15conds
Respontime:45conds
阅读题干应该在5秒内完成,这样就能保证在答题之前有20秒的时间(包括narrator读题时间)进行brainstorming.有关在学校上过的一门课的重要性不外乎从以下几个方面来叙述。
第一,这门课对于其它后续课的奠基作用。第二,所积累的知识对于今后实际运用的指导作用。第三,对于个人综合素质及品位的提高。
为什么要分成这么多点论述呢?因为如果只就一个要点深入阐述,很容易走题或者进入一个英语无法表达的死角;同时分成若干点还便于控制时间。比如这道题目的45秒答题时间可以分配给每个分点10秒,这样就不会过早或者过晚地完成整个答题的语言结构。
第3页/总页数8页
至于选什么课来说则遵循什么容易就讲什么的原则,这是因为托福口语考试和ETS其它考试一样是不需要任何专业背景的知识的。因此,考生大可以谈一些中学里学过的主课,如数学,语文和外语,而避免谈大学里的专业课,如生物,化学及各类工程类课程等。
在开始答题的时候,应首先说出一句TopicSentence点出这门课的名称。如果准备不是很充分,为了避免出现答题空白,可以附带交代这门课的背景信息,如何时选修的,哪位教授任课,但一定要控制在10秒以内。这种技能叫SkillofBuyingTime.随后,三条理由依次列出,切不可忘记Important是论述的核心,千万不能无意中转而强调这门课Difficult或Interesting.
本题参考答案:
Inmypreviousstudiesatcollege,therearequiteafewimportancecoursandoneofthemostimportantoneofthem,ifIhadtochooone,wouldbeCalculus.Well,asIamanengineeringmajor,inmycurriculumtherearemanycoursrequiringcomplicatedcalculation,equationdeductionandmathmodelbuilding.Alltheneedknowledgeincalculusasafoundation.Besides,masteryofsomequantitativeanalysismethodswillgreatlybenefitmyabilitytomakeansiblejudgmentinacomplexsituationinworkplace,nomatterwhatjobI'lltakeupinthefuture.Finally,withoutagoodnofadvancedmathematics,Iwillnotbeabletoappreciatethebeautyofsymmetryinmanyartisticforms.
二。读听后回答题
ReadingTime:45conds
AnnouncementfromthepresidentTheuniversityhasdecidedtoincreatuitionandfeesforallstudentsbyapproximately8percentnextmester.Forthepast5years,thetuitionandfeeshaveremainedthesame,butitisnecessarytoincreathemnowforveralreasons.Theuniversityhasmanymorestudentsthanwehadfiveyearsago,andwemusthireadditionalprofessorstoteachthestudents.Wehavealsomadeanewcommitmenttorearchandtechnology,andwillberenovatingandupgradingourlaboratoryfacilitiestobettermeetourstudents'needs.
第3页/总页数8页
Narrator
Nowlistentotwostudentsastheydiscusstheannouncement.[2conds]
StudentAOhgreat,nowwehavetocomeupwithmoremoneyfornextmester.
StudentBYeah,Iknow,butIcanewhy.WhenIfirststartedhere,classweresomuchsmallerthantheyarenow.Withthismanystudents,it'shardtogetthepersonalattentionyouneed……
StudentAYeah,Iguessyou'reright.Youknow,insomeclassIcan'tevengetaat.AndIcouldn'ttakethemathcourIwantedtobecauitwasalreadyfullwhenIsignedup.
StudentBAndtheotherthingis,well,IamkindofworriedaboutnotbeingabletogetajobafterIgraduate.
StudentAWhy?Imeanyou'redoingreallywellinyourclass,aren'tyou?
StudentBI'mdoingok,butthefacilitiesherearesolimited.Therearesomegreatnewexperimentsinmicrobiologythatwecan'tevendohere……thereisn'tenoughequipmentinthelaboratories,andtheequipmenttheyhaveisoutofdate.HowamIgoingtocompeteforjobswithpeoplewhohavepracticalrearchexperience?Ithinktheextratuitionwillbeagoodinvestment.[2conds]
NarratorThewomanexpressheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident.Stateheropinionandexplainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.
Pleabeginspeakingafterthebeep.[2csbeep]
Thewomanexpressheropinionoftheannouncementmadebytheuniversitypresident.Stateheropinionandexplainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.
第4页/总页数8页
Preparationtime:30conds
Respontime:60conds
对于该题,首先要快速读完文字通知部分,再听懂AB两者间的对话方可答题。若在答题前先扫描题干,可以看出这道题也是一道Issue题,只是其观点并非由答题者自由发挥,而是必须在听明白其中那名女生的观点后加以有条理的复述。
请特别注意,这道题的关键是要阐述她的观点并加以说理,若一些举例性的细节实在没有听清楚可以略过。不过这也意味着归纳总结能力是此题所考查的英语语言运用能力之一。
本题参考答案:
Thewomanisinfavoroftheuniversity'sdecisiontoraithetuitionandfeeforallstudents.Oneofherreasonsisthattheuniversityneedstohiremorefacultymemberssothatclasssizewouldbemadesmaller.Shehasnoticedthattheeverexpandingclasssizehaskeptstudentsfromgettingenoughpersonalattentiontheyneed.Shealsoagreesthatthelackoffacultymembershasledtothelimitedopportunityforstudentstotakethecourstheyareinterestedin.Besides,shethinksitishighlynecessaryfortheuniversitytobefinancedtopurchabetterrearchfacilitiessothatstudentswouldhavetheopportunitytoconductalltheexperimentstheyneedtomasterfortheirfuturecareer.
三。先听后答题
NarratorPleaListenCarefully
NarratorYoumaybegintoprepareyourresponafterthebeep.[2csbeep]
NarratorNowlistentoaconversationbetweentwostudents.
StudentAHeyLisa,how'sitgoing?
StudentBHiMark.Uh,I'mOK,Iguess,butmyschoolworkisreallystressingmeout.
第5页/总页数8页
StudentA[sympathetically]Yeah?What'swrong?
StudentBWell,I'vegotapapertowrite,andtwoexamstostudyfor.Andabunchofmathproblemstofinish.It'sjustsomuchthatIcan'tconcentrateonanyofit.Istartconcentratingonstudyingforoneofmyexams,andthenI'mlike,howlong'sitgonnataketofinishthatproblemt?
StudentAWowsoundslikeyou'vegotalotmoreworkthanyoucanhandlerightnow.[Notwantingtosoundtoopushy]Lookhaveyoutalkedtosomeofyourprofessors……Imean,youknow,trytoexplaintheproblem.Look,youcouldprobablygetanextensiononyourpaper,oronthemathassignment……
StudentBYouthink?Itwouldgivemealittlemoretimetoprepareformyexamsrightnow.
StudentAWell,Imeananotherthingthatyoumightdo……Imeanhaveyoutriedmakingyourlfaschedule?Imeanthat'swhatIdowhenI'mfeelingoverwhelmed.
StudentBWhatdoesthatdoforyou?
StudentAWell,Imeanithelpsyoutofocusyourenergies.Youknow,youmakeyourlfachartthatshowsthenextfewdaysandthetimetillyourstuffisdueand……
StudentBUhhuh[meaning“I'mlistening”]
StudentAImeanthinkaboutwhatyouneedtodo,andwhenyouhavetodoitby.Youknowthenstartfillinginyourschedule——like,allright9:00[nine]to11:30[eleventhirty]A.M.,studyforexam.12:00[twelve]to3:00[three],workonproblemt.ButImeandon'tmakethetimeperiodstoolong.Like,don'tputineighthoursofstudying——youknow,you'llgettired,orstartworryingaboutyourotherworkagain.Butifyoukeeptoyourschedule,youknowyou'lljusthavetoworryaboutonethingatatime.
第6页/总页数8页
StudentBYeah,thatmightwork.[somewhatnoncommitally]
NarratorThestudentsdiscusstwopossiblesolutionstothewoman'sproblem.Describetheproblem.Thenstatewhichofthetwosolutionsyoupreferandexplainwhy.
Pleabeginspeakingafterthebeep.[2csbeep]
[Appearingonscreen]
5.Thestudentsdiscusstwopossiblesolutionstothewoman'sproblem.Describetheproblem.Thenstatewhichofthetwosolutionsyoupreferandexplainwhy.
Preparationtime:20conds
Respontime:60conds
本题参考答案:
IwouldpreferthecondsolutionsuggestedbythewomaninthedialoguebecauIthinkstudyingwithcertainmeasureofpressureisgoodexerciforone'sabilitytobudgetandmakefulluoftime.Inthisway,makingeffectiveschedulesisveryimportantforitoptimizesthedistributionoftimeresourceoverdifferentstudytasks,keepingthelearnerfromspendingtimeirrationallyoverlongperiodsoflowefficiencywork.Alsoonceascheduleismade,bystrictlyobrvingit,alearnercanavoidanyunconsciousbehaviorofprocrastinationorslackingoff,keepinghimlfenergeticinthealternationofdifferentstudytasks.Applicationforanextensiononthepaperorassignmentmightbeagoodidea,butitdoesnotsolvetheproblemeventually.Soonerorlater,allthetaskshavetobecarriedoutandsometimeit'shardtoforeeifanothertestisonetheway…