（中职）计算机专业英语unit 3教学课件

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(中职)计算机专业英语unit3教学课件
Unit3ComputerSoftware
3.1ComputerSoftwareBasics
3.2SystemSoftware
3.3applicationSoftware
3.4SoftwareKnowledge
word
Phras
Grammar
ReferenceTranslation
Computersoftwareisageneraltermfororganizedcollectionsofcomputerdataandtheinstructionscandirectthecomputertoaccomplishatask.Softwareisabasicpartofacomputer.Thecomputersoftwareisntiallythesameasacomputerprogram.Inpractice,theterm“software”istypicallyudtodescribeacommercialproduct,whichmightincludemorethanasingleprogram.Sowecanalsosay,“Withoutsoftware,computersareuless.“
3.1.1ThreeLayers
Ursoftenethingsdifferentlythanprogrammers.Peoplewhoumoderngeneralpurpocomputers(asoppodtoembeddedsystems,analogcomputers,supercomputers,etc.)usuallyethreelayersofsoftwareperformingavarietyoftasks;platform,application,andursoftware.
3.1ComputerSoftwareBasics
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1.PlatformSoftware
Platformincludesthefirmware,devicedrivers,anoperatingsystem,andtypicallyagraphicalurinterfacewhich,intotal,allowaurtointeractwiththecomputeranditsperipherals(associatedequipment).Platformsoftwareoftencomesbundledwiththecomputer,andursmaynotrealizethatitexistsorthattheyhaveachoicetoudifferentplatformsoftware.
2.ApplicationSoftware
Applicationsoftwareorapplicationsarewhatmostpeoplethinkofwhentheythinkofsoftware.TypicalexamplesincludeOfficesuitesandcomputergames.Applicationsoftwareisoftenpurchadparatelyfromcomputerhardware.Sometimesapplicationsarebundledwiththecomputer,butthatdoesnotchangethefactthattheyrunasindependentapplications.Applicationsarealmostalwaysindependentprogramsfromtheoperatingsystem,thoughtheyareoftentailoredforspecificplatforms.Mostursthinkofcompilers,databas,andother“systemsoftware”asapplications.
3.1ComputerSoftwareBasics
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3.Ur-writtenSoftware
Ursoftwaretailorssystemstomeettheurs’specificneeds.Ursoftwareincludesspreadsheettemplates,wordprocessormacros,scientificsimulations,andscriptsforgraphicsandanimations.EvenE-mailfiltersareakindofursoftware.Urscreatethissoftwarethemlvesandoftenoverlookhowimportantitis.Dependingonhowcompetentlytheurwrittensoftwarehasbeenintegratedintopurchadapplicationpackages,manyursmaynotbeawareofthedistinctionbetweenthepurchadpackages,andwhathasbeenaddedbyfellowco-orkers.
3.1.2RelationshiptoComputerHardware
Computersoftwareissocalledincontrasttocomputerhardware,whichencompassthephysicalinterconnectionsanddevicesrequiredtostoreandrunthesoftware.Incomputers,softwareisloadedintoRAMandexecutedinthecentralprocessingunit.Atthelowestlevel,softwareconsistsofamachinelanguagespecifictoanindividualprocessor.
3.1ComputerSoftwareBasics
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Amachinelanguageconsistsofgroupsofbinaryvaluessignifyingprocessorinstructions(objectcodes),whichchangethestateofthecomputerfromitsprecedingstate.Softwareisanorderedquenceofinstructionsforchangingthestateofthecomputerhardwareinaparticularquence.Itisusuallywritteninhigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatareeasierandmoreefficientforhumanstou(clortonaturallanguage)thanmachinelanguage.High-levellanguagesarecompiledorinterpretedintomachinelanguageobjectcodes.Softwaremayalsobewritteninanasmblylanguage,esntially,amnemonicreprentationofamachinelanguageusinganaturallanguagealphabet.Asmblylanguagemustbeasmbledintoobjectcodesviaanasmbler.
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3.2.1WhatIsSystemSoftware
Thesimpleansweristhatsystemsoftwareisthestuffthatmakesyourcomputerwork.It’sroughlyanalogoustothestemofthehumanbrain-you’vegottohaveittokeepbreathing;butwithjustthestemyouaren’tlikelytowinanychesstournamentsorearnanMBAdegree.Systemsoftwareincludesthecomputer’sbasicoperatingsystem,whetherthat’sWindows2000orMacOSonyourhomecomputerorsomethinglikeMVSonagargantuanmainframeinthedatacenter.Thetermalsousuallyencompassanysoftwareudtomanagethecomputerandnetwork,whichincludesdiagnosticsoftwareandanythingudtotuneupthecomputer’sperformance.NovellNetwareandothernetworkmanagementpackagesthusfallundersystemsoftware.Inthemainframeworld,systemsoftwarewouldincludeallkindsofutilitypackageswithnameslike“DiskDefragmenter.“
3.2SystemSoftware
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3.2.2SubcategoriesofSystemSoftware
Systemsoftwareperformstasksntialtotheefficientfunctioningofcomputerhardware.Itincludes4subcategories;operatingsystems,utilities,devicesdriversandlanguagetranslator.
1.Utilities
Utilitiesareasubcategoryofsystemsoftwaredesignedtoaugmenttheoperatingsystembyprovidingawayforacomputerurtocontroltheallocationanduofhardwareresources.Someutilitiesareincludedwiththeoperatingsystem;theyperformtaskssuchaspreparingdiskstoholddata,providinginformationaboutthefilesonadisk,andcopyingdatafromonedisktoanother.Microcomputeroperatingsystemsusuallycontainprogramsthatprovidesomeutilityfunctionssuchascopyingfiles.Inaddition,softwarepackagescanbepurchadtoenhanceaur’slibraryofsystemsoftware.Withlargercomputersystems,atofutilityprogramsareusuallysuppliedbythevendoraspartofthesystemsoftwarethatisdeliveredwiththecomputersystem.
3.2SystemSoftware
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2.DeviceDriver
Whenyoupurchaaperipheraldevice,suchasascanner,youoftenneedtoinstallsoftwarethattellsyourcomputerhowtouthenewdevice.Thesystemsoftwarethathelpsthecomputercontrolaperipheraldeviceiscalledadevicedriver.Onceboththedeviceandthenecessarydevicedriversareinstalledcorrectly,thecomputercanuittocommunicatewiththedevice.Ofcour,youcanuthedeviceeasily.
3.LanguageTranslator
Special-purposystemsoftwareprogramscalledlanguagetranslatorsareudtoconverttheprogramminginstructionswrittenbyprogrammersintothemachineinstructionsthatacomputercanunderstand.Languagetranslatorsarewrittenforspecificprogramminglanguagesandcomputersystems.
Knowledgeaboutoperatingsystemswillbediscusdinthenextunit.
3.2SystemSoftware
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Althoughsystemsoftwarehandlesinternalcomputerfunctionsandhelpsthecomputeruperipheraldevices,itdoesn’ttransformthecomputerintothevariouskindsofmachinesthatyouneedtowritereports,learnhowtotypeordrawpictures.ApplicationsoftwaretrainsthePC’sbrainforhighercognitivefunctionsratherthanjustkeepingthePCaliveandconnectedtoothercomputers.Itisapplicationsoftwarethatenablesacomputertobecomeamultipurpomachineandtoperformmanydifferenttasks.
3.3.1DocumentProductionSoftware
Whetheryouarewritinga20-pagetermpaper,writingsoftwaredocumentation,designingabrochureforournewstartupcompany,orlayingouttheschoolnewspaper,youwillprobablyusomeformofdocumentproductionsoftware.Documentproductionsoftwareassistsyouwithcomposing,editing,designing,printing,andelectronicallypublishingdocuments.Thethreemostpopulartypesofdocumentproductionsoftwarearewordprocessing,desktoppublishingandWebauthoring.
3.3applicationSoftware
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